Dexaprine XR Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by iFORCE Nutrition
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Dexaprine XR against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Dexaprine XR is a dietary supplement by iFORCE Nutrition with 3 active ingredients.Based on those ingredients, 1,514 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Dexaprine XR by iFORCE Nutrition
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Dexaprine XR by iFORCE Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Dexaprine XR by iFORCE Nutrition
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Dexaprine XR contains 6 active ingredients. The main ones are caffeine anhydrous (a stimulant for alertness and energy), Citrus aurantium or bitter orange (containing compounds that affect heart rate and blood pressure), Green Tea extract (a source of caffeine and plant compounds), and Rauwolfia serpentina or Indian snakeroot (a potent herbal ingredient with cardiovascular and nervous-system effects).
Acacia rigidula extract is also included; some products in this category have been found to contain unapproved synthetic stimulants. The product also lists proprietary blends called the Dexaprine Tri-Phase Ignition System, Thermogenic Delivery System, Extended Release Energy Complex, and Alpha-2 Adrenergic Activation Complex — their individual component ingredients are listed separately above.
The inactive ingredients are rice flour and magnesium stearate.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
The evidence for Dexaprine XR's active ingredients is mixed. Caffeine is effective for neonatal apnea (a breathing problem in newborns) and postoperative headache, and likely effective for mental alertness and athletic performance; it's possibly effective for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (a lung condition in premature infants).
Green Tea extract is likely effective for human papillomavirus (HPV) and possibly effective for ovarian cancer and high cholesterol. For the other ingredients—Citrus aurantium, Acacia rigidula, and Rauwolfia serpentina—we hold insufficient reliable evidence to rate their effectiveness for the uses this product is likely marketed for, such as athletic performance, weight loss, or alertness.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Caffeine in moderate amounts is generally well tolerated by healthy adults, but high doses can cause anxiety, insomnia, tremors, nausea, restlessness, and diarrhea. Anaphylaxis (a severe allergic reaction) is rare but possible in sensitive individuals.
In pregnancy, caffeine carries possibly safe and possibly unsafe ratings—the data are mixed, so talk with your doctor about safe limits. Small amounts pass into breast milk and are usually considered acceptable in moderate intake, though they can affect the baby.
Green Tea extract is generally well tolerated as a beverage but concentrated high-dose extracts have rarely caused liver injury; it's possibly safe in pregnancy and lactation at moderate amounts. Citrus aurantium can raise blood pressure and heart rate, especially with caffeine, and is possibly unsafe in pregnancy and not recommended while breastfeeding.
Acacia rigidula may contain an unapproved synthetic stimulant and lacks human safety data; it's unsafe in pregnancy and should be avoided while breastfeeding. Rauwolfia serpentina contains potent alkaloids and should only be used under medical supervision; it's unsafe in pregnancy and should be avoided while breastfeeding because reserpine passes into milk.
Several case reports link these stimulant combinations to heart rhythm problems and cardiac events.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking Dexaprine XR, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take any monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for depression, barbiturates or seizure medications, blood-pressure medications (especially beta-blockers or antihypertensives), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, heart medications like digoxin or dipyridamole, antipsychotics, levodopa for Parkinson's disease, diabetes medications, quinolone antibiotics, acid reflux medication cimetidine, dextromethorphan (cough suppressant), midazolam (sedative), or cholesterol medications like atorvastatin. These are the medication types with documented Major or Moderate severity interactions.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Dexaprine XR is a multi-ingredient stimulant product designed to boost energy and alertness, and it contains some ingredients with documented effectiveness for those purposes. However, it carries significant risks with many common medications—especially blood-pressure drugs, heart medications, seizure drugs, and certain antidepressants—and the serious adverse effects reported (heart attack, stroke, cardiac arrest) warrant caution.
If you take any prescription medication, use the checker on this page to screen your exact drugs, then talk with your doctor or pharmacist before you start. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should not use this product without explicit medical approval.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 21, 2018.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Dexaprine XR, straight from the product label.
| Brand | iFORCE Nutrition |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 60 Caplet(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Nov 21, 2018 |
| DSLD ID | 169360 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Other (e.g. Tea Bag) |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Dexaprine XR by iFORCE Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine Anhydrous | 0 NP | -- |
| Dexaprine Tri-Phase Ignition System | 645 mg | -- |
| Thermogenic Delivery System | 0 NP | -- |
| Acacia rigidula extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Citrus aurantium | 0 NP | -- |
| Extended Release Energy Complex | 0 NP | -- |
| Green Tea extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Alpha-2 Adrenergic Activation Complex | 0 NP | -- |
| Rauwolfia serpentina | 0 NP | -- |
| Isopropyloctopamine | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Rice Flour, Magnesium Stearate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Mental focus Appetite control Energy Xtreme series
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: As a dietary supplement, take 1 caplet on an empty stomach before breakfast. For those who wish to experience extreme results, a second caplet may be consumed 4-8 hours later. Do not exceed 2 caplets in an 24 hour period.
Precautions
Do not exceed 2 caplets in an 24 hour period. Warning: Do not exceed recommended dose. Contains caffeine.
Do not consume synephrine or caffeine from other sources, including but not limited to coffee, tea, soda, and other dietary supplements or medications containing phenylephrine or caffeine.
Do not use for more than 8 weeks.
Consult with your physician prior to use if you are taking medications, including but not limited to MAOI inhibitors, antidepressants, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or products containing phylephrine, ephedrine, pseudophedrine, or other stimulants.
Consult your physician prior to use if you have a medical condition, including but not limited to heart, liver, kidney, or thyroid disease, psychiatric or epileptic disorders, difficulty urinating, diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, recurrent headaches, enlarged prostate or glaucoma. Discontinue 2 weeks prior to surgery or if you experience rapid heart beat, dizziness, severe headache, or shortness of breath.
Keep Out Of Reach Of Children.
Formula
Contains caffeine.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This Product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Dexaprine XR by iFORCE Nutrition label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Dexaprine XR by iFORCE Nutrition
These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Caplet(s) Dosage formOther (e.g. Tea Bag) Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Dexaprine Tri-Phase Ignition System
- › Thermogenic Delivery System
- › Extended Release Energy Complex
- › Alpha-2 Adrenergic Activation Complex
Other (inactive) ingredients: Rice Flour, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Dexaprine XR by iFORCE Nutrition Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Dexaprine XR by iFORCE Nutrition has documented interactions with medications through its caffeine anhydrous, Citrus aurantium (bitter orange), Green Tea extract, Acacia rigidula extract, and Rauwolfia serpentina (Indian snakeroot) content.
The most serious interaction is between Citrus aurantium and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) — a Major severity risk of dangerously high blood pressure (hypertensive crisis).
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Caffeine interacts with ephedrine (Major severity, raising the risk of heart attack, stroke, and serious stimulant side effects), and several other drug types at Moderate severity: barbiturates like pentobarbital, seizure medications like carbamazepine and phenobarbital, heart medications like dipyridamole, the antipsychotic clozapine, antibiotics in the quinolone family, and acid reflux medication cimetidine.
Citrus aurantium also carries Major-severity risks with midazolam (a sedative) and Moderate risks with blood-pressure drugs, blood-thinners and antiplatelet drugs, diabetes medications, other stimulants, cough suppressants like dextromethorphan, and drugs that affect heart rhythm (QT-prolonging drugs). Green Tea extract has Major-severity interactions with the blood-pressure medication nadolol, ephedrine, and the cholesterol drug atorvastatin, plus Moderate risks with several seizure medications and dipyridamole.
Acacia rigidula and Rauwolfia serpentina each carry additional Moderate-severity interactions with medications metabolized by liver enzymes and with heart, blood-pressure, and nervous-system drugs.
Altogehter, these interactions span 1,515 individual medications. Use the medication checker on this page to see if any of your prescriptions are affected, and talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Dexaprine XR?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Dexaprine XR interact with 1,514 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
0 of the 3 ingredients in Dexaprine XR interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible.
AcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaBeta-blockers, Antihypertensive Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with beta-blockers might increase the risk of bradycardia and/or hypotension.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Acebutolol interactionGreen Tea ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Acebutolol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaAntipsychotic Drugs, Cns Depressants Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Acepromazine interactionCaffeine AnhydrousPhenothiazines Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phenothiazines might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Caffeine Anhydrous + Acepromazine interactionGreen Tea ExtractPhenothiazines Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phenothiazines might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Acepromazine interactionAcetophenazineTindal
How Acetophenazine interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaAntipsychotic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Acetophenazine interactionAminophylline, Amobarbital, EphedrineAmesec
How Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea ExtractStimulant Drugs, Ephedrine Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionCaffeine AnhydrousStimulant Drugs, Ephedrine Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Caffeine Anhydrous + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionRauwolfia SerpentinaCns Depressants, Stimulant Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot might cause additive sedative effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionCitrus AurantiumStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk of hypertension and adverse cardiovascular effects when taken with stimulant drugs.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Acacia rigidula with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular effects.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionAmitriptyline, PerphenazineEtrafon, Etrafon-A, Etrafon-Forte, Triavil
How Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaCns Depressants, Tricyclic Antidepressants (tcas) +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot might cause additive sedative effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interactionCitrus AurantiumQt Interval-prolonging Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might have an additive effect when combined with drugs that prolong the QT interval, potentially increasing the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interactionCaffeine AnhydrousPhenothiazines Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phenothiazines might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Caffeine Anhydrous + Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interactionGreen Tea ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Phenothiazines Minor
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interactionAmphetamineAdensys XR-ODT, Adzenys ER, Dyanavel XR, Mydayis
How Amphetamine interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Citrus AurantiumMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois), Stimulant Drugs +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking MAOIs with synephrine-containing bitter orange preparations might increase the hypertensive effects of synephrine, potentially leading to hypertensive crisis.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Amphetamine interactionGreen Tea ExtractMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois), Stimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of a hypertensive crisis.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Amphetamine interactionRauwolfia SerpentinaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Stimulant Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian snakeroot might inhibit CYP2D6 enzymes and reduce the metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Amphetamine interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Acacia rigidula with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular effects.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Amphetamine interactionCaffeine AnhydrousStimulant Drugs, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Caffeine Anhydrous + Amphetamine interactionAripiprazoleAbilify, Abilify Maintena, Abilify Mycite
How Aripiprazole interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaCns Depressants, Antipsychotic Drugs +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot might cause additive sedative effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Aripiprazole interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Aripiprazole interactionCitrus AurantiumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Aripiprazole interactionGreen Tea ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Aripiprazole interactionAripiprazole LauroxilAristada, Aristada Initio Kit
How Aripiprazole Lauroxil interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Antipsychotic Drugs +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian snakeroot might inhibit CYP2D6 enzymes and reduce the metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Aripiprazole Lauroxil interactionCitrus AurantiumCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Qt Interval-prolonging Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase levels of drug metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Aripiprazole Lauroxil interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Aripiprazole Lauroxil interactionGreen Tea ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Aripiprazole Lauroxil interactionAsenapineSaphris, Secuado
How Asenapine interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaAntipsychotic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Asenapine interactionCitrus AurantiumQt Interval-prolonging Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might have an additive effect when combined with drugs that prolong the QT interval, potentially increasing the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Asenapine interactionAtenololAtenix, Tenormin
How Atenolol interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaBeta-blockers, Antihypertensive Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with beta-blockers might increase the risk of bradycardia and/or hypotension.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Atenolol interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaBeta-blockers, Antihypertensive Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with beta-blockers might increase the risk of bradycardia and/or hypotension.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionGreen Tea ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using green tea with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionCaffeine AnhydrousDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using caffeine with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Caffeine Anhydrous + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaBeta-blockers, Antihypertensive Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with beta-blockers might increase the risk of bradycardia and/or hypotension.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionCaffeine AnhydrousDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using caffeine with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Caffeine Anhydrous + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionGreen Tea ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using green tea with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAtorvastatinAtorvaliq
How Atorvastatin interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp), Atorvastatin (lipitor) +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the absorption of organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Atorvastatin interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Atorvastatin interactionCitrus AurantiumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Atorvastatin interactionAtorvastatin CalciumLipitor
How Atorvastatin Calcium interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Organic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionCitrus AurantiumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionBendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea ExtractDiuretic Drugs, Nadolol (corgard) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using green tea with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionRauwolfia SerpentinaBeta-blockers, Antihypertensive Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with beta-blockers might increase the risk of bradycardia and/or hypotension.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionCaffeine AnhydrousDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using caffeine with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Caffeine Anhydrous + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionBenserazide, LevodopaMadopar, Prolopa
How Benserazide, Levodopa interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaLevodopa Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with levodopa may reduce the effectiveness of levodopa.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Benserazide, Levodopa interactionBetaxololBetoptic, Kerlone
How Betaxolol interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaBeta-blockers, Antihypertensive Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with beta-blockers might increase the risk of bradycardia and/or hypotension.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Betaxolol interactionBisoprololZebeta
How Bisoprolol interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaBeta-blockers, Antihypertensive Drugs +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with beta-blockers might increase the risk of bradycardia and/or hypotension.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Bisoprolol interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Bisoprolol interactionCitrus AurantiumCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase levels of drug metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Bisoprolol interactionBisoprolol, HydrochlorothiazideZiac
How Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Beta-blockers +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian snakeroot might inhibit CYP2D6 enzymes and reduce the metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionCaffeine AnhydrousDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using caffeine with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Caffeine Anhydrous + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionGreen Tea ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using green tea with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionCitrus AurantiumCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase levels of drug metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBrexpiprazoleRexulti
How Brexpiprazole interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaAntipsychotic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Brexpiprazole interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Brexpiprazole interactionCitrus AurantiumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Brexpiprazole interactionGreen Tea ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Brexpiprazole interactionButaperazineRepoise
How Butaperazine interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaAntipsychotic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Butaperazine interactionCarbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine TannateQuadratuss, Ry Tuss, Rynatuss, Tri Tannate Plus
How Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Stimulant Drugs +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionCaffeine AnhydrousStimulant Drugs, Ephedrine Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Caffeine Anhydrous + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionCitrus AurantiumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Stimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionRauwolfia SerpentinaStimulant Drugs, Ephedrine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Acacia rigidula with stimulant drugs might increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular effects.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionCarbidopa, LevodopaDhivy, Rytary, Sinemet, Sinemet CR
How Carbidopa, Levodopa interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaLevodopa Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with levodopa may reduce the effectiveness of levodopa.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Carbidopa, Levodopa interactionCarbidopa, Levodopa, EntacaponeStalevo
How Carbidopa, Levodopa, Entacapone interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaLevodopa Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with levodopa may reduce the effectiveness of levodopa.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Carbidopa, Levodopa, Entacapone interactionCariprazine HydrochlorideVraylar
How Cariprazine Hydrochloride interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaAntipsychotic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Cariprazine Hydrochloride interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Cariprazine Hydrochloride interactionCitrus AurantiumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Cariprazine Hydrochloride interactionGreen Tea ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Cariprazine Hydrochloride interactionCarphenazineProketazin
How Carphenazine interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaAntipsychotic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Carphenazine interactionCaffeine AnhydrousPhenothiazines Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phenothiazines might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Caffeine Anhydrous + Carphenazine interactionGreen Tea ExtractPhenothiazines Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phenothiazines might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Carphenazine interactionCarteololCartrol, Ocupress
How Carteolol interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaBeta-blockers, Antihypertensive Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with beta-blockers might increase the risk of bradycardia and/or hypotension.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Carteolol interactionCarvedilolCoreg, Coreg CR
How Carvedilol interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaBeta-blockers, Antihypertensive Drugs +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with beta-blockers might increase the risk of bradycardia and/or hypotension.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Carvedilol interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Carvedilol interactionCitrus AurantiumCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase levels of drug metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Carvedilol interactionCeliprololCelicard
How Celiprolol interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaBeta-blockers, Antihypertensive Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot with beta-blockers might increase the risk of bradycardia and/or hypotension.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Celiprolol interactionGreen Tea ExtractCeliprolol (celicard), P-glycoprotein Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the levels and clinical effects of celiprolol.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Celiprolol interactionChlorpromazineThorazine, Thorazine Spansules
How Chlorpromazine interacts with Dexaprine XR — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Rauwolfia SerpentinaCns Depressants, Antipsychotic Drugs +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Indian snakeroot might cause additive sedative effects.
Read the full Rauwolfia Serpentina + Chlorpromazine interactionAcacia Rigidula ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula Extract + Chlorpromazine interactionCitrus AurantiumCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Qt Interval-prolonging Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase levels of drug metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Citrus Aurantium + Chlorpromazine interactionCaffeine AnhydrousPhenothiazines Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phenothiazines might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Caffeine Anhydrous + Chlorpromazine interactionGreen Tea ExtractPhenothiazines Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, phenothiazines might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Green Tea Extract + Chlorpromazine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Dexaprine XR with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Dexaprine XR, from the product label.
iFORCE Nutrition
- Name
- iFORCE Nutrition
- Web Address
- www.iforcenutrition.com
Dexaprine XR by iFORCE Nutrition: Common Questions
Does Dexaprine XR by iFORCE Nutrition interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
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Can I take this product while pregnant?
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Why does the label mention a 'stimulant' in Acacia rigidula?
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Can I breastfeed while taking this product?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
Sources & How We Checked
Dexaprine XR's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 549 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Caffeine 236 references
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- Nix D, Zelenitsky S, Symonds W, et al. The effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51:183. DOI
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- Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, et al. Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Addit Contam 2003;20:1-30. PubMed
- May DC, Jarboe CH, VanBakel AB, Williams WM. Effects of cimetidine on caffeine disposition in smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;31:656-61. PubMed
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- Brown NJ, Ryder D, Branch RA. A pharmacodynamic interaction between caffeine and phenylpropanolamine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50:363-71. PubMed
- Sanderink GJ, Bournique B, Stevens J, et al. Involvement of human CYP1A isoenzymes in the metabolism and drug interactions of riluzole in vitro. Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:1465-72. DOI
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- Institute of Medicine. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309082587/html/index.html. DOI
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- Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;176:1-29. PubMed
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- Lake CR, Rosenberg DB, Gallant S, et al. Phenylpropanolamine increases plasma caffeine levels. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990;47:675-85. PubMed
- Weng X, Odouli R, Li DK. Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:279.e1-8. PubMed
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- Staib, A. H., Stille, W., Dietlein, G., Shah, P. M., Harder, S., Mieke, S., and Beer, C. Interaction between quinolones and caffeine. Drugs 1987;34 Suppl 1:170-174. PubMed
- Stille, W., Harder, S., Mieke, S., Beer, C., Shah, P. M., Frech, K., and Staib, A. H. Decrease of caffeine elimination in man during co-administration of 4-quinolones. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. 1987;20(5):729-734. PubMed
- Fuhr, U., Strobl, G., Manaut, F., Anders, E. M., Sorgel, F., Lopez-de-Brinas, E., Chu, D. T., Pernet, A. G., Mahr, G., Sanz, F., and . Quinolone antibacterial agents: relationship between structure and in vitro inhibition of the human cytochrome P450 isof
- Kot, M. and Daniel, W. A. Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and ticlopidine on CYP1A2 activity and caffeine metabolism: an in vitro comparative study with human cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 and liver microsomes. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(6):1216-1220. PubMed
- Gasior, M., Borowicz, K., Buszewicz, G., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital and valproate against maximal electroshock in mice during chronic treatment with caffeine and caffeine discontinuation. Epilepsia 1996;37(3 PubMed
- Jankiewicz, K., Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Blaszczyk, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. [Caffeine and antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data]. Przegl.Lek. 2007;64(11):965-967.
- Luszczki, J. J., Zuchora, M., Sawicka, K. M., Kozinska, J., and Czuczwar, S. J. Acute exposure to caffeine decreases the anticonvulsant action of ethosuximide, but not that of clonazepam, phenobarbital and valproate against pentetrazole-induced seizures i
- Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Jargiello-Baszak, M., Walek, M., Tylus, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. Caffeine and the anticonvulsant potency of antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data. Pharmacol.Rep. 2011;63(1):12-18. PubMed
- Vaz, J., Kulkarni, C., David, J., and Joseph, T. Influence of caffeine on pharmacokinetic profile of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in normal human volunteers. Indian J.Exp.Biol. 1998;36(1):112-114.
- Gasior, M., Swiader, M., Przybylko, M., Borowicz, K., Turski, W. A., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Felbamate demonstrates low propensity for interaction with methylxanthines and Ca2+ channel modulators against experimental seizures in mice. Eur.J Phar PubMed
- Balogh, A., Klinger, G., Henschel, L., Borner, A., Vollanth, R., and Kuhnz, W. Influence of ethinylestradiol-containing combination oral contraceptives with gestodene or levonorgestrel on caffeine elimination. Eur.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 1995;48(2):161-166. PubMed
- Mohiuddin, M., Azam, A. T., Amran, M. S., and Hossain, M. A. In vive effects of gliclazide and metformin on the plasma concentration of caffeine in healthy rats. Pak.J Biol Sci 5-1-2009;12(9):734-737.
- Mays, D. C., Camisa, C., Cheney, P., Pacula, C. M., Nawoot, S., and Gerber, N. Methoxsalen is a potent inhibitor of the metabolism of caffeine in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1987;42(6):621-626. PubMed
- Wojcikowski, J. and Daniel, W. A. Perazine at therapeutic drug concentrations inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 1A2 (CYP1A2) and caffeine metabolism--an in vitro study. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(5):851-858. PubMed
- Daniel, W. A., Syrek, M., Rylko, Z., and Kot, M. Effects of phenothiazine neuroleptics on the rate of caffeine demethylation and hydroxylation in the rat liver. Pol.J Pharmacol 2001;53(6):615-621.
- Norager, C. B., Jensen, M. B., Weimann, A., and Madsen, M. R. Metabolic effects of caffeine ingestion and physical work in 75-year old citizens. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;65(2):223-228. PubMed
- Bailey, D. N., Weibert, R. T., Naylor, A. J., and Shaw, R. F. A study of salicylate and caffeine excretion in the breast milk of two nursing mothers. J.Anal.Toxicol. 1982;6(2):64-68. PubMed
- Griffiths, R. R. and Chausmer, A. L. Caffeine as a model drug of dependence: recent developments in understanding caffeine withdrawal, the caffeine dependence syndrome, and caffeine negative reinforcement. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi 2000;20(
- Karacan, I., Thornby, J. I., Anch, M., Booth, G. H., Williams, R. L., and Salis, P. J. Dose-related sleep disturbances induced by coffee and caffeine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1976;20(6):682-689. PubMed
- Quirce, G. S., Freire, P., Fernandez, R. M., Davila, I., and Losada, E. Urticaria from caffeine. J.Allergy Clin Immunol. 1991;88(4):680-681. PubMed
- Hughes, J. R., Higgins, S. T., Bickel, W. K., Hunt, W. K., Fenwick, J. W., Gulliver, S. B., and Mireault, G. C. Caffeine self-administration, withdrawal, and adverse effects among coffee drinkers. Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 1991;48(7):611-617. PubMed
- Adams, B. A. and Brubaker, R. F. Caffeine has no clinically significant effect on aqueous humor flow in the normal human eye. Ophthalmology 1990;97(8):1030-1031. PubMed
- Davis, R. H. Does caffeine ingestion affect intraocular pressure?. Ophthalmology 1989;96(11):1680-1681. PubMed
- Higginbotham, E. J., Kilimanjaro, H. A., Wilensky, J. T., Batenhorst, R. L., and Hermann, D. The effect of caffeine on intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. Ophthalmology 1989;96(5):624-626.
- Wrenn, K. D. and Oschner, I. Rhabdomyolysis induced by a caffeine overdose. Ann.Emerg.Med. 1989;18(1):94-97. PubMed
- Pola, J., Subiza, J., Armentia, A., Zapata, C., Hinojosa, M., Losada, E., and Valdivieso, R. Urticaria caused by caffeine. Ann.Allergy 1988;60(3):207-208.
- Lane, J. D. and Williams, R. B., Jr. Cardiovascular effects of caffeine and stress in regular coffee drinkers. Psychophysiology 1987;24(2):157-164. PubMed
- Shirlow, M. J. and Mathers, C. D. A study of caffeine consumption and symptoms; indigestion, palpitations, tremor, headache and insomnia. Int.J.Epidemiol. 1985;14(2):239-248. PubMed
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