Immuno Toniq Black Currant Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by TrueToniqs
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Immuno Toniq Black Currant against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Immuno Toniq Black Currant is a dietary supplement by TrueToniqs with 10 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for zinc deficiency, immune support, cold symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 1,219 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Plumbago zeylanica, Piper longum, Aegle marmelos. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Immuno Toniq Black Currant by TrueToniqs
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Immuno Toniq Black Currant by TrueToniqs — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
Ask the Pharmacist
A licensed pharmacist will answer your question by email — free, usually within 24 hours.
Got it — thank you!
A licensed pharmacist will answer within 24 hours. Keep an eye on your email (worth checking spam, just in case).
HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Immuno Toniq Black Currant by TrueToniqs
Four independent checks of what is known — a summary of the available information, not a grade of the product itself.
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
The stated purpose hasn't been mapped to our evidence data yet.
Why this rating?
- We haven't mapped this product's purpose to our evidence data yet — it'll be graded on the next content refresh.
Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.
Why this rating?
- The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 9 active ingredients.
- “Immuno Toniq Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (809 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.
Why this rating?
- 7 of the 8 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Yarrow, Bael, Indian Long Pepper, Elderberry, Zinc, among others.
- The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
- Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
- For scale: 1,220 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.
Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.
Why this rating?
- We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 8 matched ingredients.
- Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 8 of 8.
- General safety write-ups exist for 8 of 8.
- Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.
HelloPharmacist summaryFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Assessment coverage: 8 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 24, 2017.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Immuno Toniq Black Currant, straight from the product label.
| Brand | TrueToniqs |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 814696020316 |
| Net contents | 12 fl. Oz.; 355 mL |
| Market status | Off market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Feb 24, 2017 |
| DSLD ID | 70262 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic, Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Immuno Toniq Black Currant by TrueToniqs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 40 Calorie(s) | -- |
| Total Carbohydrates | 13 Gram(s) | 5% |
| Sugar | 8 Gram(s) | -- |
| Zinc | 0.75 mg | 7% |
| Erythritol | 4 Gram(s) | -- |
| Tinospora cordifolia | 0 NP | -- |
| Piper longum | 0 NP | -- |
| Plumbago zeylanica | 0 NP | -- |
| Immuno Toniq Proprietary Blend | 809 mg | -- |
| Elderberry Juice | 0 NP | -- |
| Achillea millefolium | 0 NP | -- |
| Sunflower Lecithin | 0 NP | -- |
| Aegle marmelos | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: carbonated Water, Cane Juice Sugar, Evaporated, organic Erythritol, Natural flavors, Citric Acid, organic Stevia extract, Gellan Gum
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
GF Gluten free
Vegan
Non GMO
Certified organic by QAI
Seals/Symbols
Non GMO project verified nongmoproject.org
Quality assurance international Certified organic
GF
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Super blend of ayurvedic botanicals.
Immuno TONiQ from TrueTONiQS. How you feel is all that matters.
General Statements
Botanically Intelligent
Ball
What kind of company doesn't make claims or promises about its products? One that would rather let you decide.
Tell us how you feel at truetoniqs.com Facebook/truetoniqs Instagram@truetoniqs
Be Well
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Formula
40 calories per can
Made with organic Aegle Marmelos Tinospora Cordifolia Plumbago Zeylanica
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Immuno Toniq Black Currant by TrueToniqs label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Immuno Toniq Black Currant by TrueToniqs
These are the 10 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Can(s) Dosage formLiquid Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Sugar
Zinc
Interacts with67 drugs
Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...
Zinc monograph & interactionsErythritol
Immuno Toniq Proprietary Blend
Other (inactive) ingredients: Carbonated Water, Cane Juice Sugar, Evaporated, Organic Erythritol, Natural flavors, Citric Acid, Organic Stevia extract, Gellan Gum. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Immuno Toniq Black Currant by TrueToniqs Drug Interactions
Immuno Toniq Black Currant contains 10 ingredients, and 7 of them have known drug interactions. Altogether they interact with 1,219 medications. Here’s the picture, then you can look up your own drug.
Want to check YOUR meds against Immuno Toniq Black Currant?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Immuno Toniq Black Currant interact with 1,219 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
7 of the 10 ingredients in Immuno Toniq Black Currant interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Plumbago zeylanica Piper longum Aegle marmelos Tinospora cordifolia Elderberry Juice Zinc Achillea millefolium
6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has demonstrated immunosuppressant activity in animal research.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + 6-mercaptopurine interactionTinospora CordifoliaImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressants.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + 6-mercaptopurine interactionElderberry JuiceImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Read the full Elderberry Juice + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Piper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael and its constituents marmelosin and marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
There is some concern that Ceylon leadwort might potentiate the effects of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs and possibly increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Abciximab interactionPiper LongumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Piper Longum + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Piper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Abemaciclib interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Abemaciclib interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael and its constituents marmelosin and marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Abiraterone interactionPiper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Abiraterone interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael and its constituents marmelosin and marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Piper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Abiraterone Acetate interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael and its constituents marmelosin and marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Abrocitinib interactionPiper LongumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Piper Longum + Abrocitinib interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Abrocitinib interactionElderberry JuiceImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Read the full Elderberry Juice + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Piper LongumP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acalabrutinib interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acalabrutinib interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael and its constituents marmelosin and marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ceylon leadwort root extract has been shown to both increase and decrease blood glucose levels in animal research.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acarbose interactionPiper LongumAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acarbose interactionTinospora CordifoliaAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acarbose interactionAegle MarmelosAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Evidence from animal research suggests that extracts of bael seed and leaf can reduce blood glucose levels.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acarbose interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
There is some concern that Ceylon leadwort might potentiate the effects of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs and possibly increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acenocoumarol interactionPiper LongumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Tinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionPiper LongumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Piper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Tinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Piper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Tinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPiper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael and its constituents marmelosin and marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Tinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionPiper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPiper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Piper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Tinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionPiper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael and its constituents marmelosin and marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionPiper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Piper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael and its constituents marmelosin and marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Tinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionPiper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionPiper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael and its constituents marmelosin and marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Piper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Tinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionPiper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionPlumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Immuno Toniq Black Currant — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Plumbago ZeylanicaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) in vitro.
Read the full Plumbago Zeylanica + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionTinospora CordifoliaCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPiper LongumCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Piper Longum + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAegle MarmelosCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegle Marmelos + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Immuno Toniq Black Currant with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Plumbago zeylanica
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
There is some concern that Ceylon leadwort might potentiate the effects of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs and possibly increase the risk of bleeding. Ceylon leadwort root extract has been shown to decrease platelet adhesion and prolong bleeding in animals. However, this effect has not yet been demonstrated in humans. Until more is known, use cautiously in patients taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. Some of these drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Ceylon leadwort root extract has been shown to both increase and decrease blood glucose levels in animal research. This effect has not yet been demonstrated in humans. Theoretically, Ceylon leadwort might reduce or potentiate the effects of antidiabetes drugs. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Medication dose adjustments may be necessary. Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (Diabeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) in vitro. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. Theoretically, Ceylon leadwort might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2. Some substrates of CYP1A2 include clozapine (Clozaril), cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), fluvoxamine (Luvox), haloperidol (Haldol), imipramine (Tofranil), mexiletine (Mexitil), olanzapine (Zyprexa), pentazocine (Talwin), propranolol (Inderal), tacrine (Cognex), zileuton (Zyflo), zolmitriptan (Zomig), and others.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) in vitro. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. Theoretically, Ceylon leadwort might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6. Drugs that are metabolized by CYP2B6 include ketamine (Ketalar), phenobarbital, orphenadrine (Norflex), secobarbital (Seconal), and dexamethasone (Decadron).
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) in vitro. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. Theoretically, Ceylon leadwort might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9. Drugs that are metabolized by CYP2C9 include celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Voltaren), fluvastatin (Lescol), glipizide (Glucotrol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), phenytoin (Dilantin), piroxicam (Feldene), tamoxifen (Nolvadex), tolbutamide (Tolinase), torsemide (Demadex), and S-warfarin (Coumadin).
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) in vitro. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. Theoretically, Ceylon leadwort might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6. Some drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 include amitriptyline (Elavil), codeine, desipramine (Norpramin), flecainide (Tambocor), fluoxetine (Prozac), ondansetron (Zofran), tramadol (Ultram), and others.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in vitro. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. Theoretically, Ceylon leadwort might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1. Some drugs metabolized by CYP2E1 include acetaminophen, chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte), ethanol, theophylline, and anesthetics such as enflurane (Ethrane), halothane (Fluothane), isoflurane (Forane), methoxyflurane (Penthrane).
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. Theoretically, Ceylon leadwort might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. Some drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 include lovastatin (Mevacor), clarithromycin (Biaxin), indinavir (Crixivan), sildenafil (Viagra), triazolam (Halcion), and numerous others.
Estrogens
Laboratory research suggests that Ceylon leadwort root extract has anti-estrogenic activity. Theoretically, Ceylon leadwort may interfere with hormone therapy.
Immunosuppressants
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has demonstrated immunosuppressant activity in animal research. Theoretically, Ceylon leadwort might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy. Immunosuppressant drugs include azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), and others.
Piper longum
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that Indian long pepper extract inhibits platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, inhibits CYP3A4.
Nevirapine (Viramune)
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
A small pharmacokinetic study shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases the plasma concentration and systemic exposure of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were associated with the elevated plasma levels of nevirapine.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, can inhibit P-glycoprotein.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, can increase pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
A small pharmacokinetic study shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases phenytoin serum levels and slows its elimination.
Propranolol (Inderal)
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
A small pharmacokinetic study shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, accelerates absorption and increases serum concentrations of propranolol.
Rifampin (Rifadin)
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.
Theophylline
Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
A small pharmacokinetic study shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases serum concentrations and slows elimination of theophylline.
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of amoxicillin.
Evidence from animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases the plasma levels of amoxicillin when taken concomitantly.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine.
A small pharmacokinetic study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, which is a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects.
Cefotaxime (Claforan)
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of cefotaxime.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases the plasma levels of cefotaxime when taken concomitantly.
Aegle marmelos
Antidiabetes Drugs
Evidence from animal research suggests that extracts of bael seed and leaf can reduce blood glucose levels. Theoretically, bael might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.
Cholinergic Drugs
Bael leaf extract shows acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity in vitro. Theoretically, bael might have additive effects with cholinergic drugs and increase the risk of cholinergic side effects.
Cholinergic drugs include bethanechol (Urecholine), donepezil (Aricept), echothiophate (Phospholine Iodide), edrophonium (Enlon, Reversol, Tensilon), neostigmine (Prostigmin), physostigmine (Antilirium), pyridostigmine (Mestinon, Regonol), succinylcholine (Anectine, Quelicin), and tacrine (Cognex).
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Bael extract and its constituent marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity in vitro. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. Theoretically, bael might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Some drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 include amitriptyline (Elavil), haloperidol (Haldol), ondansetron (Zofran), propranolol (Inderal), theophylline (Theo-Dur, others), verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, others), and others. Use bael cautiously or avoid in patients taking these drugs.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Bael and its constituents marmelosin and marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. Theoretically, bael might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Some drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 include lovastatin (Mevacor), ketoconazole (Nizoral), itraconazole (Sporanox), fexofenadine (Allegra), triazolam (Halcion), and numerous others. Use bael cautiously or avoid in patients taking these drugs.
Tinospora cordifolia
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research in adults with type 2 diabetes shows that Tinospora cordifolia can reduce fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Additionally, animal research shows that Tinospora cordifolia has hypoglycemic effects.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP1A2 at high concentrations. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP2C19 at high concentrations. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP2C9. Animal research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract 400 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days reduces the clearance and increases plasma levels of glyburide, a CYP2C9 substrate. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP2D6 at high concentrations. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressants.
In vitro and animal research shows that Tinospora cordifolia has immunostimulant effects.
Elderberry Juice
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Elderberry has immunostimulant activity, increasing the production of cytokines, including interleukin and tumor necrosis factor.
Pazopanib (Votrient)
Theoretically, elderberry might interact with pazopanib, potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects.
Zinc
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.
Integrase Inhibitors
Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.
Ritonavir (Norvir)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.
Amiloride (Midamor)
Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.
Atazanavir (Reyataz)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.
Achillea millefolium
Lithium
Theoretically, taking yarrow with lithium might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Animal research shows that yarrow has diuretic activity. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, yarrow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Immuno Toniq Black Currant, from the product label.
TrueToniqs
See all TrueToniqs products- Name
- TrueToniqs
- Street Address
- PO Box 17995
- City
- Boulder
- State
- CO
- Phone Number
- 800.963.1095
- Web Address
- truetoniqs.com
Immuno Toniq Black Currant by TrueToniqs: Common Questions
Does Immuno Toniq Black Currant by TrueToniqs interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Immuno Toniq Black Currant is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Immuno Toniq Black Currant’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Zinc
Interacts with 67 drugsZinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...
Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monographTinospora Cordifolia
Interacts with 612 drugsTinospora cordifolia, known as Guduchi or Giloy in Ayurvedic medicine, is a climbing plant traditionally used to support immunity and treat fevers. Early laboratory and small human studies s...
Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia monograph → Herb & supplement monographIndian Long Pepper
Interacts with 896 drugsIndian long pepper (pippali) is a spice long used in Ayurvedic medicine and is best known for its piperine content, which may increase how well the body absorbs certain other substances. Mod...
Read the full Indian Long Pepper monograph → Herb & supplement monographCeylon Leadwort
Interacts with 1,097 drugsCeylon Leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica) is a plant long used in Ayurvedic and other traditional medicine systems, mainly for digestion, skin problems, and pain. Solid human studies are lacking,...
Read the full Ceylon Leadwort monograph → Herb & supplement monographElderberry
Interacts with 121 drugsElderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu symptoms, but the evidence is limited and n...
Read the full Elderberry monograph → Herb & supplement monographYarrow
Interacts with 1 drugYarrow is a traditional herb long used for wounds, digestive complaints, and colds, but high-quality human studies are very limited, so its benefits are not well proven. It is generally used...
Read the full Yarrow monograph → Herb & supplement monographLecithin
Lecithin is a natural fatty substance found in foods and made by the body that is widely used as a supplement and food emulsifier. Evidence supporting most of its health claims is limited, t...
Read the full Lecithin monograph → Herb & supplement monographBael
Interacts with 819 drugsBael is a fruit-bearing tree long used in traditional Indian (Ayurvedic) medicine, mostly for digestive problems like diarrhea and indigestion. Modern human evidence for its medicinal benefi...
Read the full Bael monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Immuno Toniq Black Currant's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 156 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Zinc 88 references
- Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92.
- Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. DOI
- Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. PubMed
- Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. PubMed
- Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41.
- Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. PubMed
- Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
- Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. DOI
- Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Johnson V, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:26-30. PubMed
- Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
- Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. PubMed
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. PubMed
- Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. PubMed
- Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. DOI
- Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1976;2:539-42. PubMed
- Wray D. A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:469-72. PubMed
- Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. PubMed
- Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. PubMed
- Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Oph
- Greenberg JE, Lynn M, Kirsner RS, et al. Mucocutaneous pigmented macule as a result of zinc deposition. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:613-5. PubMed
- Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56.
- Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. PubMed
- Belongia EA, Berg R, Liu K. A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults. Am J Med 2001;111:103-8. PubMed
- Mossad SB. Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. QJM 2003;96:35-43. DOI
- Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1004-7.. PubMed
- Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24
- Uebayashi H, Hatanaka T, Kanemura F, Tonosaki K. Acute anosmia in the mouse: behavioral discrimination among the four basic taste substances. Physiol Behav 2001;72:291-6.. PubMed
- Barrett S. Zicam Marketers Sued. United States District Court Western District of Michigan Southern Division, Filed October 14, 2003, Case No. 4:03CV0146.
- Bilici M, Yildirim F, Kandil S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:181-90.. PubMed
- Polk RE, Healy DP, Sahai J, et al. Effect of ferrous sulfate and multivitamins with zinc on absorption of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:1841-4. PubMed
- Mery C, Delrieu F, Ghozlan R, et al. Controlled trial of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Dose effect and the role of zinc. Scand J Rheumatol 1976;5:241-7. PubMed
- Penttila O, Hurme H, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of zinc sulfate on the absorption of tetracycline and doxycycline in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1975;9:131-4.
- Kondo Y, Yamagata K, Satoh M, et al. Optimal administration schedule of cisplatin for bladder tumor with minimal induction of metallothionein. J Urol 2003;170:2467-70. PubMed
- Doz F, Berens ME, Deschepper CF, et al. Experimental basis for increasing the therapeutic index of cis-diamminedicarboxylatocyclobutaneplatinum(II) in brain tumor therapy by a high-zinc diet. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992;29:219-26.
- Wester PO. Urinary zinc excretion during treatment with different diuretics. Acta Med Scand 1980;208:209-12. PubMed
- Golik A, Modai D, Weissgarten J, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride causes excessive urinary zinc excretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987;42:42-4. PubMed
- Leary WP, Reyes AJ, Van der Byl K. Urinary magnesium and zinc excretion after two different single doses of amiloride in healthy adults. Curr Ther Res 1983;34:205-16.
- McBride K, Slotnick B, Margolis FL. Does intranasal application of zinc sulfate produce anosmia in the mouse? An olfactometric and anatomical study. Chem Senses 2003;28:659-70. PubMed
- Burd GD. Morphological study of the effects of intranasal zinc sulfate irrigation on the mouse olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. Microsc Res Tech 1993;24:195-213. PubMed
- Ducray A, Bondier JR, Michel G, et al. Recovery following peripheral destruction of olfactory neurons in young and adult mice. Eur J Neurosci 2002;15:1907-17. PubMed
- Mayer AD, Rosenblatt JS. Peripheral olfactory deafferentation of the primary olfactory system in rats using ZnSO4 nasal spray with special reference to maternal behavior. Physiol Behav 1993;53:587-92. PubMed
- DeCook CA, Hirsch AR. Anosmia due to inhalational zinc: a case report (abstract). Chem Senses 2000;25:659.
- Tisdall FF, Brown A, Defries RD. Persistent anosmia following zinc sulfate nasal spraying. JPed 1938;18:60-2. DOI
- Lawson KA, Wright ME, Subar A, et al. Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:754-64. PubMed
- Public Health Advisory. Loss of sense of smell with intranasal cold remedies containing zinc. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, June 16, 2009. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PublicHealthAdvisories/ucm166059.htm (Accessed 16 June 2009)
- Dooren JC. FDA warns against use of Zicam. The Wall Street Journal, June 16, 2009. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124516778692319231.html#mod=djemHL?mg=com-wsj (Accessed 16 June 2009).
- Alexander TH, Davidson TM. Intranasal zinc and anosmia: the zinc-induced anosmia syndrome. Laryngoscope 2006;116:217-20.
- Health Canada / GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare. Association of long-term, excessive use of zinc-containing Poli-Grip products with myeloneuropathy and blood dyscrasias. February 18, 2010. Available at: http://hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/alt_formats/pdf/medef
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Advisory. GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) warns about a potential health risk associated with long-term, excessive use of GSK's zinc-containing denture adhesives Super Polygrip Original, Ultra Fresh and Extra Care. February 18, 2010. Availa
- Science M, Johnstone J, Roth DE, et al. Zinc for the treatment of the common cold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 2012;184:E551-61. PubMed
- Castilla-Higuero, L., Romero-Gomez, M., Suarez, E., and Castro, M. Acute hepatitis after starting zinc therapy in a patient with presymptomatic Wilson's disease. Hepatology 2000;32(4 Pt 1):877. PubMed
- Sharquie, K. E., Najim, R. A., Farjou, I. B., and Al Timimi, D. J. Oral zinc sulphate in the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin.Exp.Dermatol. 2001;26(1):21-26. PubMed
- Dreno, B., Moyse, D., Alirezai, M., Amblard, P., Auffret, N., Beylot, C., Bodokh, I., Chivot, M., Daniel, F., Humbert, P., Meynadier, J., and Poli, F. Multicenter randomized comparative double-blind controlled clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of
- Moore, R. Bleeding gastric erosion after oral zinc sulphate. Br.Med J 3-25-1978;1(6115):754. PubMed
- Jafek, B. W., Linschoten, M. R., and Murrow, B. W. Anosmia after intranasal zinc gluconate use. Am J Rhinol. 2004;18(3):137-141. DOI
- Simonart, T. and de, Maertelaer, V. Systemic treatments for cutaneous warts: a systematic review. J Dermatolog.Treat. 2012;23(1):72-77. PubMed
- Cochran, R. J., Tucker, S. B., and Flannigan, S. A. Topical zinc therapy for acne vulgaris. Int.J Dermatol. 1985;24(3):188-190. DOI
- Morgan, A. A. Bleeding gastric erosion after oral zinc sulphate. Br.Med.J. 5-13-1978;1(6122):1283-1284. PubMed
- Murphy, J. V. Intoxication following ingestion of elemental zinc. JAMA 6-22-1970;212(12):2119-2120.
- Lang, C. J., Rabas-Kolominsky, P., Engelhardt, A., Kobras, G., and Konig, H. J. Fatal deterioration of Wilson's disease after institution of oral zinc therapy. Arch Neurol. 1993;50(10):1007-1008. PubMed
- Fjellner, B. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus aggravated by oral zinc therapy. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1979;59(4):368-370. DOI
- Varas Lorenzo, M. J. Zinc acexamate and ranitidine in the short- and mid-term management of gastroduodenal ulcers. Curr Ther Res 21986;39:19-29.
- Bosch, F. and Jimenez, E. Post-marketing surveillance of zinc acexamate in peptic ulcer treatment. Clin Trials J 1990;27:301-312.
- DeCook, C. A. and Hirsch, A. R. Anosmia due to inhalational zinc: a case report (abstract). Chem Senses 2000;25:659.
- Crown LA, May JA. Zinc toxicity: denture adhesives, bone marrow failure and polyneuropathy. Tenn Med. 2012 Feb;105(2):39-40, 42.
- Dadamio J, Van Tournout M, Teughels W, Dekeyser C, Coucke W, Quirynen M. Efficacy of different mouthrinse formulations in reducing oral malodour: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2013 May;40(5):505-13. PubMed
- Moyle G, Else L, Jackson A, Back D, Yapa MH, Seymour N, Ringner-Nackter L, Karolia Z, Gazzard B, Boffito M. Coadministration of atazanavir-ritonavir and zinc sulfate: impact on hyperbilirubinemia and pharmacokinetics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Aug PubMed
- Zittel S, Ufer F, Gerloff C, Münchau A, Rosenkranz M. Severe myelopathy after denture cream use--is copper deficiency or excess zinc the cause? Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2014 Jun;121:17-8. PubMed
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents: Drug Interactions between Integrase Inhibitors and Other Drugs. AIDSinfo. July 14, 2016. Available at: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/1/adult-and-adolescen
- Ding Y, Jia YY, Li F, et al. The effect of staggered administration of zinc sulfate on the pharmacokinetics of oral cephalexin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Mar;73(3):422-7. PubMed
- Fallah R, Sabbaghzadegan S, Karbasi SA, Binesh F. Efficacy of zinc sulfate supplement on febrile seizure recurrence prevention in children with normal serum zinc level: A randomised clinical trial. Nutrition. 2015;31(11-12):1358-61. PubMed
- Lazzerini M, Wanzira H. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12:CD005436. PubMed
- Mahmoud AM, Al-Alem U, Dabbous F, et al. Zinc intake and risk of prostate cancer: Case-control study and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0165956. PubMed
- Nagraj SK, George RP, Shetty N, Levenson D, Ferraiolo DM, Shrestha A. Interventions for managing taste disturbances. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 20;12(12):CD010470. PubMed
- Yee BE, Richards P, Sui JY, Marsch AF. Serum zinc levels and efficacy of zinc treatment in acne vulgaris: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dermatol Ther. 2020:e14252. PubMed
- Janyajirawong R, Vilaichone RK, Sethasine S. Efficacy of zinc supplement in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A prospective, randomized controlled study (Zinc-MHE Trial). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021;22(9):2879-2887. PubMed
- Nakano M, Nakamura Y, Miyazaki A, Takahashi J. Zinc pharmacotherapy for elderly osteoporotic patients with zinc deficiency in a clinical setting. Nutrients 2021;13(6):1814. PubMed
- Tolino E, Skroza N, Mambrin A, et al. An open-label study comparing oral zinc to lymecycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2021;14(5):56-58.
- Hunter J, Arentz S, Goldenberg J, et al. Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2021;11(11):e047474. PubMed
- Yamazaki K, Kageyama H, Fujiyama T, Ito T, Urano S, Honda T. A case of systemic contact dermatitis due to zinc supplements. Int J Dermatol 2022. PubMed
- Magham K, Han J, Eilbert W, Bunney EB. Severe copper deficiency anemia caused by zinc supplement use. Am J Emerg Med 2023;72:222. PubMed
- Sivakumar RR, Chinnaiah Govindareddy D, Sahoo J, Bobby Z, Chinnakali P. Effect of daily zinc supplementation for 12 weeks on serum thyroid auto-antibody levels in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis - a randomized controlled trial. J Pedi PubMed
- AlDhasee O, AlMalki H, AlKharashi N, AlJeraisy N, Al Deeb M. Acute zinc sulfate overdose: clinical presentation and management. BMJ Case Rep 2025;18(1):e263899. PubMed
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Biktarvy Prescribing Information. October 2024. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/210251Orig1s020lbl.pdf. Accessed July 16, 2025.
Tinospora Cordifolia 16 references
- Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Menon VP. Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic action of alcohol extract of Tinospora cordifolia roots in chemical induced diabetes in rats. Phytother Res 2003;17:410-3.
- Grover JK, Vats V, Rathi SS. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Eugenia jambolana and Tinospora cordifolia in experimental diabetes and their effects on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:461-70. PubMed
- Manjrekar PN, Jolly CI, Narayanan S. Comparative studies of the immunomodulatory activity of Tinospora cordifolia and Tinospora sinensis. Fitoterapia 2000;71:254-7. PubMed
- Prince PS, Menon VP. Antioxidant activity of Tinospora cordifolia roots in experimental diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;65:277-81. PubMed
- Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Menon VP, Gunasekaran G. Hypolipidaemic action of Tinospora cordifolia roots in alloxan diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;64:53-7. PubMed
- Badar VA, Thawani VR, Wakode PT, et al. Efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia in allergic rhinitis. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;96:445-9. PubMed
- Kapil A, Sharma S. Immunopotentiating compounds from Tinospora cordifolia. J Ethnopharmacol 1997;58:89-95. PubMed
- Nair PK, Rodriguez S, Ramachandran R, et al. Immune stimulating properties of a novel polysaccharide from the medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia. Int Immunopharmacol 2004;4:1645-59. PubMed
- Castillo AL, Osi MO, Ramos JD, De Francia JL, Dujunco MU, Quilala PF. Efficacy and safety of Tinospora cordifolia lotion in Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis-infected pediatric patients: A single blind, randomized controlled trial. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2 PubMed
- Sahu R, Ahmed T, Sangana R, Punde R, Subudhi BB. Effect of Tinospora cordifolia aqua-alcoholic extract on pharmacokinetic of glibenclamide in rat: an herb-drug interaction study. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2018;151:310-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.01.010. PubMed
- Patial V, Katoch S, Chhimwal J, Singh PP, Suresh PS, Padwad Y. Tinospora cordifolia activates PPAR? pathway and mitigates glomerular and tubular cell injury in diabetic kidney disease. Phytomedicine 2021;91:153663. PubMed
- Kulkarni AV, Hanchanale P, Prakash V, et al. Tinospora Cordifolia (Giloy)-Induced Liver Injury During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Multicenter Nationwide Study From India. Hepatol Commun 2022;6(6):1289-1300. PubMed
- Nagral A, Adhyaru K, Rudra OS, Gharat A, Bhandare S. Herbal Immune Booster-Induced Liver Injury in the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Case Series. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2021;11(6):732-738. PubMed
- Chattopadhyay K, Wang H, Kaur J, et al. Effectiveness and Safety of Ayurvedic Medicines in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:821810. Published 2022 Jun 8. PubMed
- Nnamani I, Tolu-Akinnawo O, Dufera RR, Akintunde A, Maliakkal B. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi/Giloy)-Induced Liver Injury: A Case Review. Cureus 2023;15(5):e39793. PubMed
- May K, Jeitler M, Murthy V, Stapelfeldt E, Kessler CS. A Case Report of Acute Hepatitis Involving the Medicinal Herb Tinospora cordifolia Along with Other Variables. J Integr Complement Med 2023;29(5):327-333.
See these in context on the Tinospora Cordifolia monograph →
Indian Long Pepper 12 references
- Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9. PubMed
- Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7. PubMed
- Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50. PubMed
- Pattanaik S, Hota D, Prabhakar S, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of a single dose of piperine with steady-state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients. Phytother Res 2009;23:1281-6.
- Kasibhatta, R. and Naidu, M. U. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine under fasting conditions: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R.D. 2007;8(6):383-391. PubMed
- Mujumdar, A. M., Dhuley, J. N., Deshmukh, V. K., Raman, P. H., Thorat, S. L., and Naik, S. R. Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 1990;28(5):486-487.
- Panda, S. and Kar, A. Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5'D activity in adult male mice. Horm.Metab Res. 2003;35(9):523-526. PubMed
- Hiwale, A. R., Dhuley, J. N., and Naik, S. R. Effect of co-administration of piperine on pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2002;40(3):277-281.
- Han, Y., Chin Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of piperine on P-gp function and expression. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2008;230(3):283-289. PubMed
- Sharma, P., Varma, M. V., Chawla, H. P., and Panchagnula, R. In situ and in vivo efficacy of peroral absorption enhancers in rats and correlation to in vitro mechanistic studies. Farmaco 2005;60(11-12):874-883. PubMed
- Zutshi, R. K., Singh, R., Zutshi, U., Johri, R. K., and Atal, C. K. Influence of piperine on rifampicin blood levels in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. J Assoc.Physicians India 1985;33(3):223-224.
- Yadav V, Krishnan A, Vohora D. A systematic review on Piper longum L.: Bridging traditional knowledge and pharmacological evidence for future translational research. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;247:112255. PubMed
Ceylon Leadwort 10 references
- Mandavkar, YD, Jalalpure, SS. A comprehensive review on Plumbago zeylanica Linn. African J. Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2011;5(25):2738-2747. DOI
- Kumar SS, Shanmugasundaram KR. Amrita Bindu-an antioxidant inducer therapy in asthma children. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004;90:105-114. PubMed
- Sandeep G, Dheeraj A, Sharma NK, Jhade D, Bharti A. Effect of plumbagin free alcohol extract of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. root on reproductive system of female Wistar rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Dec;4(12):978-84. PubMed
- Vijayakumar R, Senthilvelan M, Ravindran R, Devi RS. Plumbago zeylanica action on blood coagulation profile with and without blood volume reduction. Vascul Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;45(2):86-90. PubMed
- Olagunju JA, Jobi AA, Oyedapo OO. An investigation into the biochemical basis of the observed hyperglycaemia in rats treated with ethanol root extract of plumbago zeylanica. Phytother Res. 1999 Jun;13(4):346-8.
- Chen A, Zhou X, Tang S, Liu M, Wang X. Evaluation of the inhibition potential of plumbagin against cytochrome P450 using LC-MS/MS and cocktail approach. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 22;6:28482. PubMed
- Sunil C, Duraipandiyan V, Agastian P, Ignacimuthu S. Antidiabetic effect of plumbagin isolated from Plumbago zeylanica L. root and its effect on GLUT4 translocation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 Dec;50(12):4356-63. PubMed
- Checker R, Sharma D, Sandur SK, Khanam S, Poduval TB. Anti-inflammatory effects of plumbagin are mediated by inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in lymphocytes. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Jul;9(7-8):949-58. PubMed
- Jia Y, Jing J, Bai Y, Li Z, Liu L, Luo J, Liu M, Chen H. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by plumbagin through down-regulation of JAK-STAT and NF-?B signaling pathways. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e27006. PubMed
- Poosarla A, D N R, Athota RR, Sunkara VG. Modulation of T cell proliferation and cytokine response by Plumbagin, extracted from Plumbago zeylanica in collagen induced arthritis. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011 Nov 16;11:114. PubMed
Elderberry 6 references
- Barak V, Halperin T, Kalickman I. The effect of Sambucol, a black elderberry-based, natural product, on the production of human cytokines: I. Inflammatory cytokines. Eur Cytokine Netw 2001;12:290-6..
- Elderberry (Sambucus species). The Poison Plant Patch, Novia Scotia Museum, 2007. Available at: http://museum.gov.ns.ca/poison/?section=species&id=117 (Accessed 16 October 2009).
- European elder. Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System. Available at: http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/ppack.jump?p_null=all&p_psn=121&p_type=all&p_sci=comm&p_x=px (Accessed 16 October 2009).
- Raus K, Pleschka S, Klein P, Schoop R, Fisher P. Effect of an echinacea-based hot drink versus oseltamivir in Influenza treatment: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, noninferiority clinical trial. . Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2015;20;77:6 PubMed
- Ramachandran A, Antala D, Pudasainee P, Panginikkod S, Gupta H. A Plausible Association Between the Use of Elderberry and Autoimmune Hepatitis. Cureus 2022;14(4):e24250. PubMed
- Agarwal N, Mangla A. Elderberry interaction with pazopanib in a patient with soft-tissue sarcoma: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol 2024;20(5):36. PubMed
Yarrow 8 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Uter, W., Nohle, M., Randerath, B., and Schwanitz, H. J. Occupational contact urticaria and late-phase bronchial asthma caused by compositae pollen in a florist. Am J Contact Dermat. 2001;12(3):182-184. DOI
- Schempp, C. M., Schopf, E., and Simon, J. C. [Plant-induced toxic and allergic dermatitis (phytodermatitis)]. Hautarzt 2002;53(2):93-97.
- Jovanovic, M., Poljacki, M., Duran, V., Vujanovic, L., Sente, R., and Stojanovic, S. Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. Med Pregl. 2004;57(5-6):209-218. PubMed
- Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Safety assessment of Achillea millefolium as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2016;35(3 suppl):5S-15S.
- Zakeri S, Esmaeilzadeh S, Gorji N, Memariani Z, Moeini R, Bijani A. The effect of Achillea millefolium L. on vulvovaginal candidiasis compared with clotrimazole: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;52:102483. PubMed
- de Souza P, Crestani S, da Silva Rde C, et al. Involvement of bradykinin and prostaglandins in the diuretic effects of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Aug 26;149(1):157-61. PubMed
- Miranzadeh S, Adib-Hajbaghery M, Soleymanpoor L, Ehsani M. Effect of adding the herb Achillea millefolium on mouthwash on chemotherapy induced oral mucositis in cancer patients: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2015;19(3):207- PubMed
Lecithin 9 references
- Buchman AL, Dubin M, Jenden D, et al. Lecithin increases plasma free choline and decreases hepatic steatosis in long-term total parenteral nutrition patients. Gastroenterology 1992;102:1363-70.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Chatellier G, Lacomblez L. Tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine; THA) and lecithin in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a multicentre trial. Groupe Francais d'Etude de la Tetrahydroaminoacridine. BMJ 1990;300:495-9.
- Gelenberg AJ, Dorer DJ, Wojcik JD, et al. A crossover study of lecithin treatment of tardive dyskinesia. J Clin Psychiatry 1990;51:149-53.
- Little A, Levy R, Chuaqui-Kidd P, Hand D. A double-blind, placebo controlled trial of high-dose lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985;48:736-42. PubMed
- Palm M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Kanny G, et al. Food allergy to egg and soy lecithins. Allergy 1999;54:1116-7. PubMed
- Drachman DA, Glosser G, Fleming P, et al. Memory decline in the aged: treatment with lecithin and physostigmine. Neurology 1982;32:944-50. PubMed
- Gelenberg, A. J., Doller-Wojcik, J. C., and Growdon, J. H. Choline and lecithin in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: preliminary results from a pilot study. Am J Psychiatry 1979;136(6):772-776. PubMed
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21, Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 184: Direct food substances affirmed as Generally Recognized as Safe. Subpart B - listing of specific substances affirmed as GRAS. Sec. 184.1400 Lecithin. Available at: https:
Bael 7 references
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Sabu, M. C. and Kuttan, R. Antidiabetic activity of Aegle marmelos and its relationship with its antioxidant properties. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2004;48(1):81-88.
- Kesari, A. N., Gupta, R. K., Singh, S. K., Diwakar, S., and Watal, G. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of Aegle marmelos seed extract in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 10-11-2006;107(3):374-379. PubMed
- Haider, R., Khan, A. K., Aziz, K. M., Chowdhury, A., and Kabir, I. Evaluation of indigenous plants in the treatment of acute shigellosis. Trop.Geogr.Med 1991;43(3):266-270.
- Asaduzzaman M, Uddin MJ, Kader MA, et al. In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and the antioxidant properties of Aegle marmelos leaf extract: implications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Psychogeriatrics. 2014;14(1):1-10.
- Yugandhar P, Rao KM, Sengupta K. A novel herbal composition containing extracts of Boswellia serrata gum resin and Aegle marmelos fruit alleviates symptoms of asthma in a placebo controlled double-blind clinical study. Phytother Res. 2018;32(1):140-150.
- Manda VK, Avula B, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Walker LA, Khan SI. Inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 by Aegle marmelos and its constituents. Xenobiotica. 2016;46(2):117-25.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC