Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Organic Spirulina Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Triquetra Health

Powder Category: Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Organic Spirulina is a dietary supplement by Triquetra Health with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 1,094 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are certified organic Spirulina, Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Organic Spirulina by Triquetra Health

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 14 of its 14 active ingredients.
  • “Total Carotenoids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (12 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “certified organic Spirulina” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (3 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.

Organic Spirulina by Triquetra Health contains 14 ingredients total. The active ones include niacin, sodium, calcium, iron, zeaxanthin, vitamin A, riboflavin, chlorophyll, magnesium, vitamin K, iodine, lutein, and phycocyanin.

Additionally, gamma-linolenic acid is listed; we hold no interaction data for it. The certified organic spirulina itself is the source of most of these nutrients and is also listed as an inactive ingredient (the base).

These are micronutrients and plant compounds—niacin (B vitamin), minerals like calcium and magnesium, fat-soluble vitamins A and K, carotenoids like lutein and zeaxanthin (which support eye health), and chlorophyll (the green pigment in algae).

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Anemia of chronic disease — rated "Effective" (Iron) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Constipation — rated "Effective" (Magnesium) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Dyspepsia — rated "Effective" (Calcium) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Hemorrhagic disease — rated "Effective" (Vitamin K) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Hypocalcemia — rated "Effective" (Calcium) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for effectiveness varies by ingredient and use. Niacin is likely effective for pellagra and possibly effective for lipid problems in HIV/AIDS patients and metabolic syndrome.

Calcium is effective for osteoporosis and bone health, and for managing high potassium levels. Iron is effective for iron-deficiency anemia and anemia from chronic disease.

Zeaxanthin is possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration (eye health). Vitamin A is effective for vitamin A deficiency and possibly effective for skin aging and some cancers.

Vitamin K is effective for blood clotting disorders. Iodine is likely effective for iodine deficiency and possibly effective for oral health.

Lutein is possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration and cataracts. For riboflavin, lutein, chlorophyll, magnesium, and the trace components, we hold no effectiveness ratings in our data, so the evidence isn't established here.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Blue-green Algae Niacin Calcium Iron Vitamin A Riboflavin Chlorophyll

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 11 of the 12 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 12 of 12.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 12 of 12.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most ingredients in this product are generally well tolerated at recommended amounts. Niacin, however, requires caution: normal dietary amounts are safe, but high supplemental doses can cause flushing (up to 70% of users), gastrointestinal upset, and—rarely—liver problems.

Sodium should stay within recommended limits since excess raises blood pressure and strains the heart. Calcium, iron, and magnesium at standard doses are generally safe but can cause mild gastrointestinal side effects (constipation, diarrhea, nausea).

Vitamin A at high doses can accumulate and cause liver toxicity and birth defects; stick to recommended amounts. Vitamin K is generally safe, though excess can interfere with blood thinner medications.

Chlorophyll can cause photosensitivity in some people. For pregnancy: niacin and calcium at recommended amounts are likely safe; iron is likely safe but dosing should follow prenatal guidance.

For breastfeeding: most ingredients at normal amounts are acceptable, though chlorophyll safety is not well studied and should be discussed with your provider.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Blue-green Algae Niacin Calcium Iron Vitamin A Riboflavin Chlorophyll

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 11 of the 12 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Iodine, Chlorophyll, Calcium, Iron, Niacin, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 1,020 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you use blood thinners (warfarin, other anticoagulants, or antiplatelet drugs), HIV integrase inhibitors, thyroid medication (levothyroxine), bone drugs (bisphosphonates), blood pressure medications, antibiotics (especially quinolones, tetracyclines, or ceftriaxone), antidiabetes drugs, gout drugs, statins, or methotrexate. These are the medication types with documented interactions.

Niacin carries the most serious warnings. If you don't find your medication in these categories, no interactions are documented in our data for the ingredients we could check—but that doesn't guarantee none exist, so it's still worth a quick conversation with your pharmacist.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Organic Spirulina is a nutrient-dense whole-food supplement that can fit many people's wellness routines—especially those seeking plant-based micronutrients like carotenoids and B vitamins. However, if you take any prescription medication (particularly blood thinners, thyroid drugs, diabetes medication, heart drugs, antibiotics, or methotrexate), you'll need to check your specific medications against the interaction tool before starting.

People with niacin sensitivity, liver disease, or gout should also discuss this with their doctor or pharmacist first. Talk it over with your own healthcare provider before adding this product, especially if you're on medications or have an underlying health condition.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 12 of 14 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 22, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Organic Spirulina, straight from the product label.

Brand Triquetra Health
Barcode (UPC) 050428559253
Net contents 225 Gram(s); 8 Ounce(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 22, 2021
DSLD ID 248155
Product type Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Organic Spirulina by Triquetra Health, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
3 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Gram(s)
Servings per container
75
UPC/BARCODE
050428559253
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories10 Calorie(s)--
Niacin450 mcg1%
Protein1.5 Gram(s)3%
Sodium25 mg1%
Calcium4.3 mg2%
Iron1.6 mg14%
Zeaxanthin2.8 mg--
Vitamin A5490 mcg610%
Riboflavin190 mcg15%
Chlorophyll52 mg--
Magnesium7.5 mg2%
Gamma-Linolenic Acid30 mg--
Vitamin K81 mcg67%
Iodine8.1 mcg5%
Lutein160 mcg--
Phycocyanin195 mg--
Total Carotenoids12 mg--
certified organic Spirulina3 Gram(s)--

Other ingredients: certified organic Spirulina

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take 1 scoop (3g) daily with or between meals. Enjoy mixed in juice, fruit smoothies, or sprinkled on food.

Formulation

Supports total body health & vitality Spirulina is one of the most complete foods you will find on the planet. It packs an abundant array of nutrients that include amino acids, vitamins, trace minerals, antioxidants, and phytonutrients such as chlorophyll. It also hosts a multitude of health benefits, which include: Supports blood & cell health Supports brain health Supports cardiovascular health Alkalizes pH levels Supports detoxification Boosts immune system Triquetra Health's organic Spirulina is 100% raw & organic. This source of organic Spirulina meets the world's most rigorous organic and quality standards. It has been certified organic by the USDA, Ecocert, and Naturland. It is grown in an environmentally pristine area of South India away from agricultural and industrial pollutants and human development. After it's farmed, it is dried at low temperatures to preserve the enzymatic, nutritional value and bioavailability of the Spirulina. Thus providing you the purest organic Spirulina that is highly bioavailable within the body. All products are scientifically-based and botanically derived for purity and strength. Non-irradiated

Solvent free No preservatives

Powder form Nutrient dense micro-algae for total body health RAW form Bioactive Non-irridiated

Vegan

RAW

Non GMO

Certified Organic by: Americert International

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formula

Phytonutrients Micronutrients Amino acids

Seals/Symbols

USDA Organic

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

75 Servings

Visit TriquetraHealth.com for recipes.

Storage

Storage: Store in a cool, dark, and dry place.

Precautions

Warning: If you have a medical condition or are taking medication, contact a physician before taking this supplement.

Keep out of reach of children.

See for yourself

Organic Spirulina by Triquetra Health label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Organic Spirulina by Triquetra Health

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size3 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container75 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Protein

1.5 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
25 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Certified organic Spirulina

Interacts with
327 drugs
3 Gram(s) per serving

Blue-green algae are nutrient-rich aquatic microorganisms (such as spirulina and Klamath Lake algae) taken as a supplement for energy, nutrition, and...

Certified organic Spirulina monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Certified organic Spirulina. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Organic Spirulina by Triquetra Health Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Organic Spirulina?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,094Drugs
24 Major 1,067 Moderate 3 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Organic Spirulina with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

certified organic Spirulina3 drug types · 327 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, this is unlikely.
Spirulina blue-green algae have shown antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects in vitro. However, one preliminary study in 24 patients receiving spirulina blue-green algae 2.3 grams daily for 2 weeks showed no effect on platelet activation or measures of clotting time.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Human research shows that spirulina blue-green algae can have hypoglycemic effects in patients with diabetes, at least some of whom were using antidiabetes drugs. However, blue-green algae does not seem to improve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes. A meta-analysis of animal studies also suggests that spirulina blue-green algae have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, concurrent use of blue-green algae might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Blue-green algae have been shown to stimulate the immune system.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Organic Spirulina, from the product label.

Triquetra Health

See all Triquetra Health products
Name
Triquetra Health LLC
City
Lithia
State
Fl
ZipCode
33547
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Organic Spirulina by Triquetra Health: Common Questions

Does Organic Spirulina by Triquetra Health interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Organic Spirulina has a known interaction with 1,094 medications, including 24 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Organic Spirulina contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product have a lot of fillers?
The product lists certified organic spirulina as an inactive ingredient. Beyond that, the inactive ingredient list on file does not detail other excipients. If you want to know the complete list of binders, capsule materials, or other non-active ingredients, check the full label or contact the manufacturer directly.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Most ingredients in this product are likely safe at normal amounts during pregnancy—niacin, calcium, iron, and vitamin K are all rated likely safe when used in recommended doses. However, vitamin A at high doses can cause birth defects, so stick to recommended amounts. Chlorophyll safety in pregnancy is not well studied. Talk with your prenatal care provider about whether this specific product fits your pregnancy nutrition plan.
Will this help with my eye health?
The product contains zeaxanthin and lutein, both carotenoids that are possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration according to our data. These nutrients support eye health, especially the retina. However, this product is not a treatment for existing eye disease—discuss any eye concerns with your eye doctor to see if supplementation is right for you.
What causes the flushing some people report with spirulina?
Flushing is a known side effect of niacin (vitamin B3), which is one of the active ingredients here. It happens because niacin causes blood vessels to dilate. Up to 70% of people taking niacin experience flushing, especially at higher doses. It's usually harmless and often decreases over time, but if it bothers you, take the supplement with food or talk to your pharmacist about timing or dose.
Is there enough iodine in this to meet my daily needs?
The product contains iodine, and iodine is likely effective for iodine deficiency. However, the label does not specify the exact amount of iodine per serving, so I cannot tell you whether it meets your daily requirement. Check the label for the iodine content, and if you're concerned about deficiency or have thyroid issues, discuss it with your doctor or a registered dietitian.
Can I take this with my multivitamin?
This product contains multiple vitamins and minerals, so taking it with a standard multivitamin risks getting too much of some nutrients—especially niacin, calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin K. The safest approach is to show the label of both products to your pharmacist and let them check for overlap before combining them.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Organic Spirulina is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Organic Spirulina label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Organic Spirulina’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Blue-green Algae

Interacts with 327 drugs

Blue-green algae are nutrient-rich aquatic microorganisms (such as spirulina and Klamath Lake algae) taken as a supplement for energy, nutrition, and general wellness. Evidence for most heal...

Read the full Blue-green Algae monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Niacin

Interacts with 727 drugs

Niacin (vitamin B3) is an essential nutrient your body needs for energy and metabolism, and deficiency is uncommon in most developed countries. Prescription-strength niacin has been used to...

Read the full Niacin monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Calcium

Interacts with 168 drugs

Calcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet falls short. Most people do best getting...

Read the full Calcium monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Iron

Interacts with 80 drugs

Iron is an essential mineral your body needs to make hemoglobin and carry oxygen in the blood. Supplements are mainly useful for treating or preventing iron deficiency and iron-deficiency an...

Read the full Iron monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin A

Interacts with 387 drugs

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...

Read the full Vitamin A monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Riboflavin

Interacts with 20 drugs

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally very safe at typical doses, and the stro...

Read the full Riboflavin monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Chlorophyll

Interacts with 337 drugs

Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants and algae, and supplements often use a stable form called chlorophyllin. It is most studied for reducing body and fecal odor and as a topical...

Read the full Chlorophyll monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Magnesium

Interacts with 295 drugs

Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preventing or correcting deficiency. Some othe...

Read the full Magnesium monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin K

Interacts with 2 drugs

Vitamin K is an essential nutrient your body needs for normal blood clotting and to support healthy bones. Most people get enough from food, but supplements are sometimes used for deficiency...

Read the full Vitamin K monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Iodine

Interacts with 7 drugs

Iodine is an essential mineral your body needs to make thyroid hormones, and most people get enough from iodized salt, dairy, and seafood. Supplements help when you are truly deficient, but...

Read the full Iodine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Organic Spirulina's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 426 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Niacin 66 references
  1. Garg R, Malinow MR, Pettinger M, et al. Niacin treatment increases plasma homocysteine levels. Am Heart J 1999;138:1082-7.
  2. Anon. Inositol hexaniacinate. Altern Med Rev 1998;3:222-3.
  3. Knodel LC, Talbert RL. Adverse effects of hypolipidaemic drugs. Med Toxicol 1987;2:10-32. PubMed
  4. Guyton JR, Blazing MA, Hagar J, et al. Extended-release niacin vs gemfibrozil for the treatment of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Niaspan-Gemfibrozil Study Group. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1177-84. PubMed
  5. Gibbons LW, Gonzalez V, Gordon N, Grundy S. The prevalence of side effects with regular and sustained-release nicotinic acid. Am J Med 1995;99:378-85. PubMed
  6. Whelan AM, Price SO, Fowler SF, Hainer BL. The effect of aspirin on niacin-induced cutaneous reactions. J Fam Pract 1992;34:165-8.
  7. Jungnickel PW, Maloley PA, Vander Tuin EL, et al. Effect of two aspirin pretreatment regimens on niacin-induced cutaneous reactions. J Gen Intern Med 1997;12:591-6. PubMed
  8. Capuzzi DM, Guyton JR, Morgan JM, et al. Efficacy and safety of an extended-release niacin (Niaspan): a long-term study. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:74-81;disc. 85U-6U. PubMed
  9. Gray DR, Morgan T, Chretien SD, Kashyap ML. Efficacy and safety of controlled-release niacin in dyslipoproteinemic veterans. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:252-8. PubMed
  10. McKenney JM, Proctor JD, Harris S, Chinchili VM. A comparison of the efficacy and toxic effects of sustained- vs immediate-release niacin in hypercholesterolemic patients. JAMA 1994;271:672-7. DOI
  11. Knopp RH, Alagona P, Davidson M, et al. Equivalent efficacy of a time-release form of niacin (Niaspan) given once-a-night versus plain niacin in the management of hyperlipidemia. Metabolism 1998;47:1097-104. PubMed
  12. Knopp RH. Clinical profiles of plain versus sustained-release niacin (Niaspan) and the physiologic rationale for nighttime dosing. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:24U-28U;discussion 39U-41U. PubMed
  13. Garg A, Grundy SM. Nicotinic acid as therapy for dyslipidemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. JAMA 1990;264:723-6. DOI
  14. Leighton RF, Gordon NF, Small GS, et al. Dental and gingival pain as side effects of niacin therapy. Chest 1998;114:1472-4. PubMed
  15. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. ASHP Therapeutic Position Statement on the safe use of niacin in the management of dyslipidemias. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1997;54:2815-9. DOI
  16. Vega GL, Grundy SM. Lipoprotein responses to treatment with lovastatin, gemfibrozil, and nicotinic acid in normolipidemic patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:73-82. DOI
  17. Guyton JR, Goldberg AC, Kreisberg RA, et al. Effectiveness of once-nightly dosing of extended-release niacin alone and in combination for hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:737-43.
  18. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
  19. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
  20. Bays HE, Dujovne CA. Drug interactions of lipid-altering drugs. Drug Saf 1998;19:355-71. PubMed
  21. Rader JI, Calvert RJ, Hathcock JN. Hepatic toxicity of unmodified and time-release preparations of niacin. Am J Med 1992;92:77-81. PubMed
  22. Kahn SE, Beard JC, Schwartz MW, et al. Increased B-cell secretory capacity as mechanism for islet adaptation to nicotinic acid-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes 1989;38:562-8.
  23. Schwartz ML. Severe reversible hyperglycemia as a consequence of niacin therapy. Arch Int Med 1993;153:2050-2. DOI
  24. Raising HDL and Niacin Use. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2004;20(5):200504.
  25. McKenney J. New perspectives on the use of niacin in the treatment of lipid disorders. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:697-705. PubMed
  26. Reaven P, Witztum JL. Lovastatin, nicotinic acid and rhabdomyolysis (letter). Ann Int Med 1988;109:597-8. PubMed
  27. Ito MK. Advances in the understanding and management of dyslipidemia: using niacin-based therapies. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2003;60(suppl 2):s15-21. PubMed
  28. Schwab RA, Bachhuber BH. Delirium and lactic acidosis caused by ethanol and niacin coingestion. Am J Emerg Med 1991;9:363-5. PubMed
  29. Product information: Niaspan. Kos Pharmaceuticals. Cranbury, NJ. 2005. Available at www.niaspan.com/professional/content/pdfs/productinfo.pdf. (Accessed 3 March 2006).
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Sodium 38 references
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Iodine 26 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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