Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Pain-Eze Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Rainbow Light

Pain-Eze label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Pain-Eze against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Pain-Eze is a dietary supplement by Rainbow Light with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for bone health support, antioxidant and enzyme support, filling dietary gaps.Based on those ingredients, 1,336 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Corydalis yanhusuo, Chinese Peony, Magnesium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Pain-Eze by Rainbow Light

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Pain-Eze by Rainbow Light — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Pain-Eze by Rainbow Light

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “4:1 Herbal Extract Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (668 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Pain-Eze contains six active ingredients. The manganese and magnesium are minerals; the others are herbal extracts—Chinese peony, Corydalis yanhusuo, meadowsweet, California poppy, and a 4:1 herbal blend.

The product is made up with inactive ingredients including cellulose, stearic acid, modified cellulose, silica, and a coating.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: occasional aches and pains relief.
  • We looked for evidence on: Back pain, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Headache, Migraine headache, Muscle cramps, Neuropathic pain — and 4 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Magnesium is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Muscle cramps (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Magnesium is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Complex regional pain syndrome.
  • Also on file: Peony is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Migraine headache, Muscle cramps, Neuropathic pain, Osteoarthritis.

For magnesium, the evidence shows it's effective for heartburn and indigestion (dyspepsia) and constipation. Manganese is effective for manganese deficiency, but the evidence for allergic rhinitis (hay fever), osteoporosis, COPD, weight management, and osteoarthritis is insufficient.

For Chinese peony, Corydalis yanhusuo, meadowsweet, and California poppy, the data we hold shows insufficient evidence to rate their effectiveness for their traditional uses—including headache, anxiety, insomnia, and other conditions.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Manganese Magnesium California Poppy Peony Corydalis Yanhusuo Meadowsweet

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Magnesium is generally well tolerated at recommended doses and is considered safe for healthy adults. Most common side effects are digestive—diarrhea, nausea, and gastrointestinal irritation.

However, manganese in high doses carries a serious risk: it can cause Parkinson-like neurological problems (neurotoxicity), and one documented case involved irreversible Parkinson disease after years of high-dose use. Chinese peony is generally well tolerated for short-term use when taken alone, though gastrointestinal side effects like diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal discomfort have been reported.

Meadowsweet contains salicylates and can cause stomach upset, nausea, and—at high doses—hearing problems. Corydalis yanhusuo and California poppy have limited human safety data.

For pregnancy: manganese and Corydalis yanhusuo safety data aren't on file; Chinese peony is rated possibly unsafe; meadowsweet is rated likely unsafe; magnesium is rated possibly safe to likely safe under medical supervision; California poppy safety data aren't on file. For breastfeeding: safety data aren't on file for manganese, Corydalis yanhusuo, and California poppy; Chinese peony and meadowsweet should be avoided; magnesium is possibly safe under medical supervision.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Manganese Magnesium California Poppy Peony Corydalis Yanhusuo Meadowsweet

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Peony, California Poppy, Meadowsweet, Manganese, Corydalis Yanhusuo, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 1,337 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Pain-Eze, check if you're on levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet)—magnesium can reduce how well it works. If you take blood thinners (anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs), antipsychotics, seizure medications like phenytoin (Dilantin), diabetes drugs, blood pressure medications, quinolone or tetracycline antibiotics, skeletal muscle relaxants, or drugs metabolized by the liver (especially those processed by CYP2D6, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4), verify each medication with your pharmacist or the checker below.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is appropriate if you're looking for digestive relief or magnesium supplementation and have no interacting medications. If you take levodopa/carbidopa for Parkinson's disease, any blood thinners, seizure medications, diabetes drugs, blood pressure medications, or antipsychotics, check with your pharmacist before starting—the interactions here are real and could affect how your medications work.

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor about your full medication list before using this product.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 25, 2015.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Pain-Eze, straight from the product label.

Brand Rainbow Light
Barcode (UPC) 021888108213
Net contents 40 Tablet(s)
Market status Off market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 25, 2015
DSLD ID 43169
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Pain-Eze by Rainbow Light, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Tablet(s)
Servings per container
20
UPC/BARCODE
021888108213
IngredientAmount% DV
Manganese2 mg100%
Chinese Peony0 NP--
Corydalis yanhusuo0 NP--
Meadowsweet0 NP--
Magnesium200 mg50%
California Poppy [herb] 5:1 extract266 mg--
4:1 Herbal Extract Blend668 mg--

Other ingredients: Cellulose, Stearic Acid, Modified Cellulose, Silica, Coating

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Vegan.

Gluten-Free

Vegan

Contains NO: gluten, wheat, milk, tree nuts, peanuts, eggs, fish, shellfish.

Made with natural, purity-tested ingredients and NO artificial preservatives, colors, flavors, or sweeteners.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

SUGGESTED USAGE: 2 tablets, two to three times daily, with or between meals, as needed for occasional aches and pains.

Precautions

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Consult your health care professional prior to use if you are pregnant, lactating, taking medication or have a medical condition.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General Statements

100% Recycled & 100% Recyclable Keeping millions of bottles from out landfills & oceans To open, press along perforation.

-Integrative Science -Naturally Effective Pain Care

Stomach-Safe 33% More Tablets Free!

Eases occasional aches & pains Helps release tension

Side benefits not side effects: Restore total-body wellness, safe for everyday use and gentle on the stomach. Feel the difference guarantee

Brand IP Statement(s)

Pain-Eze(TM) is a naturally effective integrative health therapy formulated to deliver a powerful combination of clinically researched ingredients, balanced for complete care.

(C)2014

Formula

Designed to: ~ Ease occasional aches and pains with a powerful blend of traditional herbs for minor, common discomforts associated with overwork or exercise, featuring California Poppy, Meadowsweet and Corydalis.

~ Help lessen tension with gentle forms of magnesium to promote muscle relaxation.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General

2.5-4

Seals/Symbols

EcoGuard(R) Bottle

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Pain-Eze by Rainbow Light label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Pain-Eze label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Pain-Eze by Rainbow Light

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container20 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Manganese

Interacts with
83 drugs
2 mg per serving Form: Manganese Amino Acid Chelate

Manganese is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for bone formation, metabolism, and antioxidant defense, and most people get...

Manganese monograph & interactions

Magnesium

Interacts with
295 drugs
200 mg per serving Form: Magnesium Aspartate, Magnesium Citrate, Magnesium Glycinate, Magnesium Oxide

Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preven...

Magnesium monograph & interactions

California Poppy [herb] 5:1 extract

Interacts with
248 drugs
266 mg per serving

California poppy is a traditional herbal remedy used mainly for anxiety and sleep problems, often combined with other calming herbs. Human research is...

California Poppy [herb] 5:1 extract monograph & interactions

4:1 Herbal Extract Blend

668 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Stearic Acid, Modified Cellulose, Silica, Coating. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Pain-Eze by Rainbow Light Drug Interactions

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Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,336Drugs
6 Major 1,329 Moderate 1 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Corydalis yanhusuo 1,160
Chinese Peony 811
Magnesium 295
California Poppy [herb] 5:1 extract 248
Manganese 83

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Pain-Eze interact with 1,336 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

6 of the 6 ingredients in Pain-Eze interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Corydalis yanhusuo Chinese Peony Magnesium California Poppy [herb] 5:1 extract Manganese Meadowsweet

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Pain-Eze with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Corydalis yanhusuo14 drug types · 1,160 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. In vitro and in vivo research suggest that berberine can inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might also inhibit platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. Clinical research shows that berberine may lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might also lower blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. Animal research suggests that berberine can have hypotensive effects. Also, a clinical study suggests that taking berberine in combination with amlodipine can lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with amlodipine alone. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might also reduce blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. Animal research suggests that berberine may have sedative effects. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might also have CNS depressants effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase blood levels of cyclosporine.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. Preliminary clinical research shows that berberine can reduce metabolism of cyclosporine and increase serum levels, likely through inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which metabolizes cyclosporine. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might also reduce the metabolism of cyclosporine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. Preliminary clinical research shows that berberine can inhibit CYP2C9. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might also inhibit CYP2C9.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. In vitro research and preliminary clinical evidence show that berberine can inhibit CYP2D6. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might also inhibit CYP2D6.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. In vitro research and preliminary clinical research show that berberine moderately inhibits CYP3A4. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might also inhibit CYP3A4.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin Dm, Others)

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo may increase serum levels of dextromethorphan.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. Preliminary clinical research shows that berberine can inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity and reduce the metabolism of dextromethorphan. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo may also inhibit the metabolism of dextromethorphan.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Losartan (Cozaar)

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might reduce the therapeutic effects of losartan by decreasing its conversion to its active form.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. Preliminary clinical research suggests that berberine can inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) activity and reduce metabolism of losartan. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might also inhibit the metabolism of losartan.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Metformin (Glucophage)

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. In vitro and animal studies show that berberine can increase the systemic exposure and half-life of metformin, potentially increasing metformin's effects and side effects. This interaction seems to be most apparent when berberine is administered 2 hours prior to metformin. Taking berberine and metformin at the same time does not appear to increase systemic exposure to metformin. It is unclear if Corydalis yanhusuo might have this same effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Midazolam (Versed)

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might reduce metabolism of midazolam, which might increase the risk of severe adverse effects.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. Preliminary clinical research shows that berberine can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity and reduce metabolism of midazolam. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might also inhibit the metabolism of midazolam.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase the sedative effect of pentobarbital.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. Animal research shows that berberine can prolong pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tacrolimus (Prograf)

Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase blood levels of tacrolimus.
Corydalis yanhusuo contains berberine. In a 16-year-old patient with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who was being treated with tacrolimus 6.5 mg twice daily, intake of berberine 200 mg three times daily increased the blood concentration of tacrolimus from 8 to 22 ng/mL. Following a reduction of the tacrolimus dose to 3 mg daily, blood levels of tacrolimus decreased to 12 ng/mL. It is unclear if Corydalis yanhusuo might have this same effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Corydalis yanhusuo full monograph & interactions

Chinese Peony7 drug types · 811 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, combining peony with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research suggests that peony might have antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Clozapine (Clozaril)

Theoretically, peony might increase the levels and clinical effects of clozapine.
In vitro research shows that peony suppresses the metabolism of clozapine via weak-to-moderate inhibitory effects on cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP3A4. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, peony might interfere with contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro and animal research shows that peony extract has estrogenic activity. Concomitant use might also increase the risk for estrogen-related adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that peony suppresses the metabolism of clozapine via weak-to-moderate inhibitory effects on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that peony suppresses the metabolism of clozapine via weak-to-moderate inhibitory effects on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of peony might interfere with hormone replacement therapy and/or increase the risk for estrogen-related adverse effects.
In vitro and animal research shows that peony extract has estrogenic activity. Theoretically, peony might compete for estrogen receptors and/or cause additive estrogenic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, peony might reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Animal research shows that taking peony root reduces levels of phenytoin. Some researchers suggest that peony root might affect cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9, which metabolizes phenytoin. However, preliminary research in humans shows that peony root does not alter levels of losartan (Cozaar), which is also metabolized by CYP2C9.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Chinese Peony full monograph & interactions

Magnesium15 drug types · 295 drugs

Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)

Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking magnesium oxide 1000 mg with levodopa 100 mg/carbidopa 10 mg reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of levodopa by 35% and of carbidopa by 81%. In vitro and animal research shows that magnesium produces an alkaline environment in the digestive tract, which might lead to degradation and reduced bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Concomitant use of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium can increase the risk for neuromuscular weakness.
Both aminoglycosides and magnesium reduce presynaptic acetylcholine release, which can lead to neuromuscular blockade and possible paralysis. This is most likely to occur with high doses of magnesium given intravenously.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antacids

Use of acid reducers may reduce the laxative effect of magnesium oxide.
A retrospective analysis shows that, in the presence of H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a higher dose of magnesium oxide is needed for a laxative effect. This may also occur with antacids. Under acidic conditions, magnesium oxide is converted to magnesium chloride and then to magnesium bicarbonate, which has an osmotic laxative effect. By reducing acidity, antacids may reduce the conversion of magnesium oxide to the active bicarbonate salt.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Magnesium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after magnesium containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bisphosphonates

Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Cations, including magnesium, can decrease bisphosphonate absorption. Advise patients to separate doses of magnesium and these drugs by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcium Channel Blockers

Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Magnesium inhibits calcium entry into smooth muscle cells and may therefore have additive effects with calcium channel blockers. Severe hypotension and neuromuscular blockades may occur when nifedipine is used with intravenous magnesium, although some contradictory evidence suggests that concurrent use of magnesium with nifedipine does not increase the risk of neuromuscular weakness. High doses of magnesium could theoretically have additive effects with other calcium channel blockers.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin

Magnesium salts may reduce absorption of digoxin.
Clinical evidence suggests that treatment with oral magnesium hydroxide or magnesium trisilicate reduces absorption of digoxin from the intestines. This may reduce the blood levels of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics decrease excretion of magnesium, possibly increasing magnesium levels.
Potassium-sparing diuretics also have magnesium-sparing properties, which can counteract the magnesium losses associated with loop and thiazide diuretics. Theoretically, increased magnesium levels could result from concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics and magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Magnesium decreases absorption of quinolones.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with quinolones and decrease their absorption. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Parenteral magnesium shortens the time to onset of skeletal muscle relaxants by about 1 minute and prolongs the duration of action by about 2 minutes. Magnesium potentiates the effects of skeletal muscle relaxants by decreasing calcium-mediated release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals, reducing postsynaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine, and having a direct effect on the membrane potential of myocytes. Magnesium also has vasodilatory actions and increases cardiac output, allowing a greater amount of muscle relaxant to reach the motor end plate. A clinical study found that low-dose rocuronium (0.45 mg/kg), when given after administration of magnesium 30 mg/kg over 10 minutes, has an accelerated onset of effect, which matches the onset of effect seen with a full-dose rocuronium regimen (0.6 mg/kg). In another clinical study, onset times for rocuronium doses of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg were 86, 76, and 50 seconds, respectively, when given alone, but were reduced to 66, 44, and 38 seconds, respectively, when the doses were given after a 15-minute infusion of magnesium sulfate 60 mg/kg. Giving intraoperative intravenous magnesium sulfate, 50 mg/kg loading dose followed by 15 mg/kg/hour, reduces the onset time of rocuronium, enhances its clinical effects, reduces the dose of intraoperative opiates, and prolongs the spontaneous recovery time. It does not affect the activity of subsequently administered neostigmine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Sulfonylureas

Magnesium increases the systemic absorption of sulfonylureas, increasing their effects and side effects.
Clinical research shows that administration of magnesium hydroxide with glyburide increases glyburide absorption, increases maximal insulin response by 35-fold, and increases the risk of hypoglycemia, when compared with glyburide alone. A similar interaction occurs between magnesium hydroxide and glipizide. The mechanism of this effect appears to be related to the elevation of gastrointestinal pH by magnesium-based antacids, increasing solubility and enhancing absorption of sulfonylureas.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Magnesium decreases absorption of tetracyclines.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with tetracyclines in the gut and decrease their absorption and antibacterial activity. Advise patients to take these drugs 1 hour before or 2 hours after magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that magnesium sulfate inhibits platelet aggregation, even at low concentrations. Some preliminary clinical evidence shows that infusion of magnesium sulfate increases bleeding time by 48% and reduces platelet activity. However, other clinical research shows that magnesium does not affect platelet aggregation, although inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombosis can occur.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Gabapentin absorption can be decreased by magnesium.
Clinical research shows that giving magnesium oxide orally along with gabapentin decreases the maximum plasma concentration of gabapentin by 33%, time to maximum concentration by 36%, and area under the curve by 43%. Advise patients to take gabapentin at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Sevelamer (Renagel, Renvela)

Sevelamer may increase serum magnesium levels.
In patients on hemodialysis, sevelamer use was associated with a 0.28 mg/dL increase in serum magnesium. The mechanism of this interaction remains unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Magnesium full monograph & interactions

California Poppy [herb] 5:1 extract1 drug type · 248 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking California poppy with drugs with sedative effects may increase the risk of sedative effects.
Laboratory research shows that California poppy has sedative effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
California Poppy [herb] 5:1 extract full monograph & interactions

Manganese3 drug types · 83 drugs

Antipsychotic Drugs

Theoretically, the risk for manganese toxicity might increase when taken with antipsychotic drugs.
Hallucinations and behavioral changes have been reported in a patient with liver disease who was taking haloperidol and manganese. Researchers speculate that taking manganese along with haloperidol, phenothiazine-derivatives, or other antipsychotic medications might increase the risk of manganese toxicity in some patients.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Theoretically, manganese might reduce the absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Manganese is a multivalent cation. Interactions resulting in reduced quinolone absorption have been reported between quinolones and other multivalent cations, such as calcium and iron.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, manganese might reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.
Manganese is a multivalent cation. Interactions resulting in reduced tetracycline absorption have been reported between tetracyclines and other multivalent cations, such as calcium and iron.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Manganese full monograph & interactions

Meadowsweet3 drug types · 39 drugs

Aspirin

Theoretically, meadowsweet might have an additive effect with other salicylate-containing drugs, such as aspirin.
Meadowsweet contains salicin, a plant salicylate; however, salicin doesn't seem to have the antiplatelet effects of aspirin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)

Theoretically, meadowsweet might have an additive effect with other salicylate-containing drugs, such as choline magnesium trisalicylate.
Meadowsweet contains salicin, a plant salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Salsalate (Disalcid)

Theoretically, meadowsweet might have an additive effect with other salicylate-containing drugs such as salsalate.
Meadowsweet contains salicin, a plant salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Meadowsweet full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Pain-Eze, from the product label.

Rainbow Light

See all Rainbow Light products
Name
Rainbow Light Nutritional Systems
City
Santa Cruz
State
CA
ZipCode
95060
Phone Number
800.571.4701
Web Address
www.rainbowlight.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Pain-Eze by Rainbow Light: Common Questions

Does Pain-Eze by Rainbow Light interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Pain-Eze has a known interaction with 1,336 medications, including 6 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Pain-Eze contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant?
The safety data varies by ingredient. Magnesium is possibly safe to likely safe but should be used only under your doctor's guidance. Chinese peony is rated possibly unsafe. Meadowsweet is rated likely unsafe. For the others—manganese, Corydalis yanhusuo, and California poppy—there isn't enough data on file to know either way. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice before starting.
Can I breastfeed while taking this?
Safety data are incomplete for most ingredients. Chinese peony and meadowsweet should be avoided. Magnesium is possibly safe under medical supervision. For manganese, Corydalis yanhusuo, and California poppy, there isn't enough data available. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before use.
What is magnesium in here for?
Magnesium in Pain-Eze works as a laxative for constipation and is also effective for heartburn and indigestion. It's a mineral your body needs, and supplementing it may help relieve those symptoms.
Will this help my headaches?
The data we hold shows insufficient evidence to rate whether the herbal ingredients in this product—Chinese peony, Corydalis yanhusuo, and meadowsweet—are effective for headaches. If you're looking for a supplement specifically for headache relief, we don't have solid evidence that this one works for that purpose.
What does California poppy do?
California poppy is traditionally used for anxiety and sleep, but the evidence we have is insufficient to say whether it actually works. The ingredient does have sedative properties in laboratory studies, so it could make you drowsy, especially if you're already taking sleep aids or other sedating drugs.
Is there anything in this I should be worried about if I have liver disease?
Yes—manganese in high doses can cause serious liver damage (cirrhosis) and dangerous neurological symptoms. If you have liver disease, avoid this product unless your doctor says it's safe. Also, if you're taking any medications metabolized by your liver, the interactions with the herbal ingredients may be more of a concern.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Pain-Eze label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Pain-Eze’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Manganese

Interacts with 83 drugs

Manganese is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for bone formation, metabolism, and antioxidant defense, and most people get enough from a normal diet. Supplements m...

Read the full Manganese monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Magnesium

Interacts with 295 drugs

Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preventing or correcting deficiency. Some othe...

Read the full Magnesium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

California Poppy

Interacts with 248 drugs

California poppy is a traditional herbal remedy used mainly for anxiety and sleep problems, often combined with other calming herbs. Human research is very limited, so its true benefits are...

Read the full California Poppy monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Peony

Interacts with 811 drugs

Peony root is a traditional Chinese medicine herb often used for menstrual problems, cramps, and inflammation, frequently as part of combination formulas. Human evidence for most uses is lim...

Read the full Peony monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Corydalis Yanhusuo

Interacts with 1,160 drugs

Corydalis yanhusuo is a traditional Chinese herb used mainly for pain. Some early laboratory and animal research suggests its compounds may affect pain and the nervous system, but high-quali...

Read the full Corydalis Yanhusuo monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Meadowsweet

Interacts with 39 drugs

Meadowsweet is a traditional European herb that contains natural salicylates (aspirin-like compounds) and is used mainly for digestive upset, colds, and minor aches. High-quality human studi...

Read the full Meadowsweet monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Pain-Eze's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 145 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Manganese 21 references
  1. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Hansten and Horn's Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, CAN:Appl Therapeut, 1999.
  2. Barrington WW, Angle CR, Willcockson NK, et al. Autonomic function in manganese alloy workers. Environ Res 1998;78:50-8. PubMed
  3. Hauser RA, Zesiewicz TA, Martinez C, et al. Blood manganese correlates with brain magnetic resonance imaging changes in patients with liver disease. Can J Neurol Sci 1996;23:95-8. PubMed
  4. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  5. Lee JW. Manganese intoxication. Arch Neurol 2000;57:597-9.. PubMed
  6. Powers KM, Smith-Weller T, Franklin GM, et al. Parkinson's disease risks associated with dietary iron, manganese, and other nutrient intakes. Neurology 2003;60:1761-6.. PubMed
  7. McMillan, D. E. A brief history of the neurobehavioral toxicity of manganese: some unanswered questions. Neurotoxicology 1999;20(2-3):499-507.
  8. Gerber, G. B., Leonard, A., and Hantson, P. Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity of manganese compounds. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2002;42(1):25-34. PubMed
  9. Jiang, Y. and Zheng, W. Cardiovascular toxicities upon manganese exposure. Cardiovasc.Toxicol 2005;5(4):345-354. PubMed
  10. Mehta, R. and Reilly, J. J. Manganese levels in a jaundiced long-term total parenteral nutrition patient: potentiation of haloperidol toxicity? Case report and literature review. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr 1990;14(4):428-430. PubMed
  11. Nemery, B. Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract. Eur Respir.J 1990;3(2):202-219. DOI
  12. Vanek VW, Borum P, Buchman A, et al. A.S.P.E.N. position paper: recommendations for changes in commercially available parenteral multivitamin and multi-trace element products. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27:440-491.doi: 10.1177/0884533612446706 PubMed
  13. Schuh MJ. Possible Parkinson's disease induced by chronic manganese supplement ingestion. Consult Pharm. 2016;31(12):698-703. doi: 10.4140/TCP.n.2016.698. PubMed
  14. Baker B, Ali A, Isenring L. Recommendations for manganese supplementation to adult patients receiving long-term home parenteral nutrition: an analysis of the supporting evidence. Nutr Clin Pract 2016;31(2):180-5. doi: 10.1177/0884533615591600. PubMed
  15. Ho CSH, Ho RCM, Quek AML. Chronic manganese toxicity associated with voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibodies in a relapsing neuropsychiatric disorder. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15(4). pii: E783. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15040783. PubMed
  16. Yamamoto M, Sakurai K, Eguchi A, et al.; Japan Environment and Children's Study Group: Association between blood manganese level during pregnancy and birth size: the Japan environment and children's study (JECS). Environ Res 2019;172:117-26. PubMed
  17. Li D, Ge X, Liu Z, et al. Association between long-term occupational manganese exposure and bone quality among retired workers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020;27(1):482-9. PubMed
  18. Martin KV, Sucharew H, Dietrich KN, et al. Co-exposure to manganese and lead and pediatric neurocognition in East Liverpool, Ohio. Environ Res 2021;202:111644. PubMed
  19. Racette BA, Nelson G, Dlamini WW, et al. Depression and anxiety in a manganese-exposed community. Neurotoxicology 2021;85:222-33. PubMed
  20. Ruiz-Azcona L, Fernández-Olmo I, Expósito A, et al. Impact of environmental airborne manganese exposure on cognitive and motor functions in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(8):4075. PubMed
  21. Uyar E, Gurkas E, Aksu AU, et al. Can therapeutic plasma exchange be life-saving in life-threatening manganese intoxication?. Transfus Apher Sci 2022;61(4):103417. PubMed

See these in context on the Manganese monograph →

Peony 15 references
  1. Chen LC, Chou MH, Lin MF, Yang LL. Effects of Paeoniae Radix, a traditional Chinese medicine, on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. J Clin Pharm Ther 2001;26:271-8. PubMed
  2. Guo TL, Zhou XW. [Clinical observations on the treatment of the gestational hypertension syndrome with Angelica and Paeonia powder]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1986;6:714-6, 707.
  3. Xie HJ, Yasar U, Sandberg M, Rane A. Paeoniae Radix, a traditional Chinese medicine, and CYP2C9 activity. J Clin Pharm Ther 2002;27:229-30. . PubMed
  4. Harada M, Suzuki M, Ozaki Y. Effect of Japanese Angelica root and peony root on uterine contraction in the rabbit in situ. J Pharmacobiodyn 1984;7:304-11. PubMed
  5. Anon. Monograph. Peony (Paeonia spp). Alt Med Rev 2001;6:495-9.
  6. Bruynzeel DP. Contact Dermatitis Due to Paeonia (Peony). Contact Dermatitis 1989; 20:152-3..
  7. Bian, X., Xu, Y., Zhu, L., Gao, P., Liu, X., Liu, S., Qian, M., Gai, M., Yang, J., and Wu, Y. Prevention of maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility with traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med J (Engl.) 1998;111(7):585-587.
  8. Wong, A. L. and Chan, T. Y. Interaction between warfarin and the herbal product quilinggao. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37(6):836-838.
  9. Cai Y, Yuan Q, Xu K, et al. Assessment of the therapeutic effect of total glycosides of peony for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2016;2016:8292486.
  10. Koo YK, Kim JM, Koo JY, et al. Platelet anti-aggregatory and blood anti-coagulant effects of compounds isolated from Paeonia lactiflora and Paeonia suffruticosa. Pharmazie 2010;65(8):624-8.
  11. Wang W, Tian DD, Zheng B, et al. Peony-glycyrrhiza decoction, an herbal preparation, inhibits clozapine metabolism via cytochrome P450s, but not flavin-containing monooxygenase in in vitro models. Drug Metab Dispos 2015;43(7):1147-53. PubMed
  12. Zhou Y, Jin L, Kong F, et al. Clinical and immunological consequences of total glucosides of paeony treatment in Sjögren's syndrome: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016 Oct;39:314-319. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.006. PubMed
  13. Zhu Q, Qi X, Wu Y, Wang K. Clinical study of total glucosides of paeony for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Int Urol Nephrol. 2016 Nov;48(11):1873-1880. doi: 10.1007/s11255-016-1345-5. PubMed
  14. Xu Y, Li X, Chen T, et al. Radix Paeoniae Alba increases serum estrogen level and up-regulates estrogen receptor expression in uterus and vagina of immature/ovariectomized mice. Phytother Res. 2019;33(1):117-29. [RETRACTED].
  15. Liu X, Li X, Li X, et al. The efficacy and safety of total glucosides of peony in the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome: a multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2019;38(3):657-64. Erratum i

See these in context on the Peony monograph →

Corydalis Yanhusuo 21 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Chan E. Displacement of bilirubin from albumin by berberine. Biol Neonate 1993;63:201-8. PubMed
  3. Janbaz KH, Gilani AH. Studies on preventive and curative effects of berberine on chemical-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents. Fitoterapia 2000;71:25-33.. PubMed
  4. Wu X, Li Q, Xin H, Yu A, Zhong M. Effects of berberine on the blood concentration of cyclosporin A in renal transplanted recipients: clinical and pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;61:567-72. PubMed
  5. Zhang Y, Li X, Zou D, et al. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:2559-65. PubMed
  6. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
  7. Chatterjee P, Franklin MR. Human cytochrome p450 inhibition and metabolic-intermediate complex formation by goldenseal extract and its methylenedioxyphenyl components. Drug Metab Dispos 2003;31:1391-7. PubMed
  8. Shanbhag, S. M., Kulkarni, H. J., and Gaitonde, B. B. Pharmacological actions of berberine on the central nervous system. Jpn.J Pharmacol 1970;20(4):482-487. PubMed
  9. Wu, J. F. and Liu, T. P. [Effects of berberine on platelet aggregation and plasma levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in rats with reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion]. Yao Xue.Xue.Bao. 1995;30(2):98-102.
  10. Peng, W. H., Hsieh, M. T., and Wu, C. R. Effect of long-term administration of berberine on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1997;74(3):261-266. DOI
  11. Sabir M and Bhide NK. Study of some pharmacological actions of berberine. Ind J Physiol & Pharmac 1971;15(3):111-132.
  12. Tripathi YB and Shukla SD. Berberis artistata inhibits PAF induced aggregation of rabbit platelets. Phytotherapy Research 1996;10:628-630.
  13. Yin, J., Xing, H., and Ye, J. Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2008;57(5):712-717. PubMed
  14. Zhang, H., Wei, J., Xue, R., Wu, J. D., Zhao, W., Wang, Z. Z., Wang, S. K., Zhou, Z. X., Song, D. Q., Wang, Y. M., Pan, H. N., Kong, W. J., and Jiang, J. D. Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin re
  15. Guo, Y., Chen, Y., Tan, Z. R., Klaassen, C. D., and Zhou, H. H. Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012;68(2):213-217. PubMed
  16. Wei, W., Zhao, H., Wang, A., Sui, M., Liang, K., Deng, H., Ma, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., and Guan, Y. A clinical study on the short-term effect of berberine in comparison to metformin on the metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndro
  17. Hermann, R. and von, Richter O. Clinical evidence of herbal drugs as perpetrators of pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Planta Med 2012;78(13):1458-1477. PubMed
  18. Chun YT, Yip TT, Lau KL, and et al. A biochemical study on the hypotensive effect of berberine in rats. Gen Pharmac 1979;10:177-182. PubMed
  19. Hou Q, Han W, Fu X. Pharmacokinetic interaction between tacrolimus and berberine in a child with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69(10):1861-2. PubMed
  20. Lan J, Zhao Y, Dong F, et al. Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;161:69-81. PubMed
  21. Lyu Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, et al. Pharmacokinetic interactions between metformin and berberine in rats: Role of oral administration sequences and microbiota. Life Sci. 2019;235:116818. PubMed

See these in context on the Corydalis Yanhusuo monograph →

Meadowsweet 3 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  3. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.

See these in context on the Meadowsweet monograph →

Magnesium 82 references
  1. Rodin SM, Johnson BF. Pharmacokinetic interactions with digoxin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988;15:227-44.
  2. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  3. Dahle LO, Berg G, Hammar M, et al. The effect of oral magnesium substitution on pregnancy-induced leg cramps. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:175-80. PubMed
  4. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  5. Peikert A, Wilimzig C, Kohne-Volland R. Prophylaxis of migraine with oral magnesium: results from a prospective, multi-center, placebo-controlled and double-blind randomized study. Cephalalgia 1996;16:257-63. PubMed
  6. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309063507/html/index.html.
  7. Birrer RB, Shallash AJ, Totten V. Hypermagnesemia-induced fatality following epsom salt gargles. J Emerg Med 2002;22:185-8. PubMed
  8. Ryan MP. Diuretics and potassium/magnesium depletion. Directions for treatment. Am J Med 1987;82:38-47.. PubMed
  9. Hollifield JW. Magnesium depletion, diuretics, and arrhythmias. Am J Med 1987;82:30-7.. PubMed
  10. Heidenreich O. Mode of action of conventional and potassium-sparing diuretics--aspects with relevance to Mg-sparing effects. Magnesium 1984;3:248-56..
  11. Pfaffenrath V, Wessely P, Meyer C, et al. Magnesium in the prophylaxis of migraine--a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia 1996;16:436-40.. PubMed
  12. Wang F, Van Den Eeden SK, Ackerson LM, et al. Oral magnesium oxide prophylaxis of frequent migrainous headache in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Headache 2003;43:601-10.. PubMed
  13. Sompolinsky D, Samra Z. Influence of magnesium and manganese on some biological and physical properties of tetracycline. J Bacteriol 1972;110:468-76.. PubMed
  14. Jeyabalan A, Caritis SN. Pharmacologic inhibition of preterm labor. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2002;45:99-113. PubMed
  15. Mittendorf R, Dambrosia J, Pryde PG, et al. Association between the use of antenatal magnesium sulfate in preterm labor and adverse health outcomes in infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:1111-8.. PubMed
  16. Witlin AG, Sibai BM. Magnesium sulfate therapy in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:883-9.. DOI
  17. Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Doyle LW. Magnesium sulphate for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;4:CD001060. . PubMed
  18. Davey MJ, Teubner D. A randomized controlled trial of magnesium sulfate, in addition to usual care, for rate control in atrial fibrillation. Ann Emerg Med 2005;45:347-53.. PubMed
  19. L'Hommedieu CS, Nicholas D, Armes DA, et al. Potentiation of magnesium sulfate--induced neuromuscular weakness by gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. J Pediatr 1983;102:629-31..
  20. Dunn CJ, Goa KL. Risedronate: a review of its pharmacological properties and clinical use in resorptive bone disease. Drugs 2001;61:685-712..
  21. Kass L, Weekes J, Carpenter L. Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012;66:411-8. PubMed
  22. Koontz SL, Friedman SA, Schwartz ML. Symptomatic hypocalcemia after tocolytic therapy with magnesium sulfate and nifedipine. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(6):1773-6. PubMed
  23. Snyder SW, Cardwell MS. Neuromuscular blockade with magnesium sulfate and nifedipine. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161(1):35-6. PubMed
  24. Waisman GD, Mayorga LM, Cámera MI, et al. Magnesium plus nifedipine: potentiation of hypotensive effect in preeclampsia? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159(2):308-9. PubMed
  25. Brown DD, Juhl RP. Decreased bioavailability of digoxin due to antacids and kaolin-pectin. N Engl J Med. 1976;295(19):1034-7. PubMed
  26. Allen MD, Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, et al. Effect of magnesium--aluminum hydroxide and kaolin--pectin on absorption of digoxin from tablets and capsules. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;21(1):26-30. PubMed
  27. Ravn HB, Vissinger H, Kristensen SD, et al. Magnesium inhibits platelet activity--an in vitro study. Thromb Haemost. 1996;76(1):88-93. DOI
  28. Ravn HB, Kristensen SD, Vissinger H, et al. Magnesium inhibits human platelets. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1996;7(2):241-4. PubMed
  29. Ravn HB, Vissinger H, Kristensen SD, et al. Magnesium inhibits platelet activity--an infusion study in healthy volunteers. Thromb Haemost. 1996;75(6):939-44. DOI
  30. Neuvonen PJ, Kivistö KT. The effects of magnesium hydroxide on the absorption and efficacy of two glibenclamide preparations. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;32(2):215-20. PubMed
  31. Kivistö KT, Neuvonen PJ. Enhancement of absorption and effect of glipizide by magnesium hydroxide. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1991;49(1):39-43. PubMed
  32. Neuvonen PJ, Kivistö KT. Enhancement of drug absorption by antacids. An unrecognised drug interaction. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1994;27(2):120-8. PubMed
  33. Shechter, M., Merz, C. N., Paul-Labrador, M., Meisel, S. R., Rude, R. K., Molloy, M. D., Dwyer, J. H., Shah, P. K., and Kaul, S. Beneficial antithrombotic effects of the association of pharmacological oral magnesium therapy with aspirin in coronary heart
  34. Ganzevoort, J. W., Hoogerwaard, E. M., and van der Post, J. A. [Hypocalcemic delirium due to magnesium sulphate therapy in a pregnant woman with pre-eclampsia]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 8-3-2002;146(31):1453-1456.
  35. Horner, S. M. Efficacy of intravenous magnesium in acute myocardial infarction in reducing arrhythmias and mortality. Meta-analysis of magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1992;86(3):774-779. PubMed
  36. Azria, E., Tsatsaris, V., Goffinet, F., Kayem, G., Mignon, A., and Cabrol, D. [Magnesium sulfate in obstetrics: current data]. J Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) 2004;33(6 Pt 1):510-517.
  37. Magee, L. A., Miremadi, S., Li, J., Cheng, C., Ensom, M. H., Carleton, B., Cote, A. M., and von Dadelszen, P. Therapy with both magnesium sulfate and nifedipine does not increase the risk of serious magnesium-related maternal side effects in women with p
  38. Henyan, N. N., Gillespie, E. L., White, C. M., Kluger, J., and Coleman, C. I. Impact of intravenous magnesium on post-cardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation and length of hospital stay: a meta-analysis. Ann.Thorac.Surg. 2005;80(6):2402-2406. PubMed
  39. Li, J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, M., and Egger, M. Intravenous magnesium for acute myocardial infarction. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2007;(2):CD002755. PubMed
  40. Doyle, L. W., Crowther, C. A., Middleton, P., Marret, S., and Rouse, D. Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(1):CD004661. PubMed
  41. Han, S., Crowther, C. A., and Moore, V. Magnesium maintenance therapy for preventing preterm birth after threatened preterm labour. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2010;(7):CD000940. PubMed
  42. Duley, L., Gulmezoglu, A. M., Henderson-Smart, D. J., and Chou, D. Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2010;(11):CD000025. PubMed
  43. Conde-Agudelo, A., Romero, R., and Kusanovic, J. P. Nifedipine in the management of preterm labor: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet.Gynecol. 2011;204(2):134-20. PubMed
  44. Wong, G. K., Boet, R., Poon, W. S., Chan, M. T., Gin, T., Ng, S. C., and Zee, B. C. Intravenous magnesium sulphate for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systemic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 2011;15(1):R52. PubMed
  45. Magee, L., Sawchuck, D., Synnes, A., and von, Dadelszen P. SOGC Clinical Practice Guideline. Magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection. J Obstet.Gynaecol.Can. 2011;33(5):516-529.
  46. Doyle, L. W. Antenatal magnesium sulfate and neuroprotection. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012;24(2):154-159. PubMed
  47. McDonald, S. D., Lutsiv, O., Dzaja, N., and Duley, L. A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes following magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in real-world use. Int J Gynaecol.Obstet. 2012;118(2):90-96. PubMed
  48. Gordon, M., Naidoo, K., Akobeng, A. K., and Thomas, A. G. Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;7:CD009118. PubMed
  49. Dodd, J. M., Crowther, C. A., and Middleton, P. Oral betamimetics for maintenance therapy after threatened preterm labour. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;12:CD003927. PubMed
  50. Wu, X., Wang, C., Zhu, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., and Gao, Y. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on magnesium in addition to beta-blocker for prevention of postoperative atrial arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting. BMC.Cardiovasc.D PubMed
  51. Thorp, J. M., Jr., Katz, V. L., Campbell, D., and Cefalo, R. C. Hypersensitivity to magnesium sulfate. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1989;161(4):889-890. PubMed
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See these in context on the Magnesium monograph →

California Poppy 3 references
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See these in context on the California Poppy monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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