Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Peppermint Forte Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Terry Naturally

Peppermint Forte label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Peppermint Forte against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Peppermint Forte is a dietary supplement by Terry Naturally with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), indigestion and gas, nausea.Based on those ingredients, 1,236 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) aerial oil, Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf oil, Caraway (Carum carvii) seed oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Peppermint Forte by Terry Naturally

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Peppermint Forte by Terry Naturally — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Peppermint Forte by Terry Naturally

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Peppermint Forte contains 4 active ingredients, all delivered as concentrated herbal oils in softgels: peppermint (Mentha x piperita) aerial oil, caraway (Carum carvii) seed oil, cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) fruit oil, and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf oil. The product also contains inactive ingredients — extra virgin olive oil, gelatin, glycerol, water, and an enteric coating (which allows the capsule to dissolve in the small intestine rather than the stomach).

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: digestive comfort and healthy bowel function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Flatulence, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Peppermint is rated "Likely Effective" for Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Caraway is rated "Possibly Effective" for Dyspepsia.
  • Also on file: Peppermint is rated "Possibly Effective" for Dyspepsia.

Peppermint oil in this product is likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and possibly effective for indigestion (dyspepsia), chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting, barium enema-related colon spasms, and endoscopy-related side effects. Caraway oil is possibly effective for dyspepsia but has insufficient evidence for amenorrhea, asthma, constipation, and flatulence.

Cardamom and coriander oils both have insufficient evidence for the conditions studied in our data — neither ingredient has established effectiveness ratings in the information we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Peppermint Caraway Cardamom Coriander

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Peppermint oil used orally is generally well tolerated, though a small number of people report abdominal pain, belching, diarrhea, dry mouth, heartburn, nausea, or vomiting. Rare cases of severe allergic reactions — including anaphylaxis (sudden difficulty breathing and throat tightness) and reactions when combined with caraway oil — have been reported in people with a history of asthma or peppermint allergy.

Caraway oil is generally safe in food amounts but is possibly unsafe in concentrated medicinal doses during pregnancy; during breastfeeding, safety data for concentrated doses are limited. Cardamom is generally well tolerated at food amounts; one trial participant reported mild skin inflammation.

Coriander is generally well tolerated orally and topically, though rare cases of anaphylaxis have been reported in sensitive individuals, and contact dermatitis can occur with topical use. All four ingredients carry a caution that concentrated supplement or essential oil doses should be used only under medical guidance.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Peppermint Caraway Cardamom Coriander

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Coriander, Caraway, Peppermint.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,237 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Peppermint Forte, check with your pharmacist if you use any CYP3A4 substrates (including many heart medications), blood pressure drugs, blood sugar medications, mood stabilizers, sedatives or other CNS depressants, diuretics, immune suppressants like cyclosporine, sun-sensitizing medications, or tuberculosis drugs. Peppermint oil can raise the blood levels of many of these medications, and caraway or coriander may lower blood pressure, lower blood sugar, or increase sedation.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take medications metabolized by your liver — especially heart or blood pressure drugs, immunosuppressants, diabetes medications, mood stabilizers, or sedatives — talk with your pharmacist before starting Peppermint Forte. This product is not a substitute for medical treatment of IBS or indigestion; it's meant as a supplement.

If you have asthma or a history of allergic reactions to herbs or spices, check with your doctor first. Most people who use this product as directed find it well tolerated, but it's not appropriate for everyone.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 24, 2018.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Peppermint Forte, straight from the product label.

Brand Terry Naturally
Barcode (UPC) 367703432263
Net contents 60 Enteric-Coated Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 24, 2018
DSLD ID 177153
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Peppermint Forte by Terry Naturally, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Enteric-Coated Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Enteric-Coated Softgel(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
367703432263
IngredientAmount% DV
Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) aerial oil0.2 mL--
Caraway (Carum carvii) seed oil0.05 mL--
Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) fruit oil0.02 mL--
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf oil0.02 mL--

Other ingredients: extra virgin Olive Oil, Gelatin, Glycerol, Water, Enteric Coating

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Money-back guarantee Discover digestive comfort

- Reduces occasional gas, bloating, and discomfort - Supports healthy bowel function - Maintains healthy intestinal lining - Safe and effective for daily use

Clinical strength Soothing intestinal relief For your good health Terry

Product of Belgium

This enteric-coated softgel releases directly into the intestinal tract for the most effective benefits. Experience the power of Peppermint Forte—digestive relief you've been looking for!

For occasional: Gas Bloating Cramping Stomach upset Digestive discomfort BX43226.01

Brand IP Statement(s)

Peppermint Forte delivers four essential oils for soothing digestive relief.

Terry Naturally EuroPharma

Peppermint Forte is like no other formula available.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

For additional support, combine with Terry Naturally Colon & Bowel Probiotic.

Recommendations: 1 softgel 2-3 times daily, or as needed.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General

JC 34 91 + 3(5,6)EP L43226.01

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formulation

No sugar, salt, yeast, wheat, gluten, corn, soy, dairy products, artificial coloring, artificial flavoring, or artificial preservatives.

Precautions

If pregnant or nursing, consult a healthcare practitioner before use.

Formula

It provides peppermint oil and additional clinical strength essential oils to support digestive relief and comfort. - Peppermint oil delivers intestinal and overall digestive support to relieve occasional cramping, gas, bloating, and other stomach discomforts. - Caraway oil relieves occasional gas and bloating, and supports a healthy balance of intestinal flora. - Cardamom oil supports the mucosal lining of the digestive system and healthy intestinal flora. - Coriander oil maintains healthy bacterial balance in the digestive tract and reduces occasional bloating.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Peppermint Forte by Terry Naturally label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Peppermint Forte label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Peppermint Forte by Terry Naturally

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Enteric-Coated Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) aerial oil

Interacts with
796 drugs
0.2 mL per serving

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated f...

Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) aerial oil monograph & interactions

Caraway (Carum carvii) seed oil

Interacts with
413 drugs
0.05 mL per serving

Caraway is a common cooking spice that has long been used to ease gas, bloating, and indigestion. Some evidence suggests caraway oil—often combined wi...

Caraway (Carum carvii) seed oil monograph & interactions

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) fruit oil

No known
interactions
0.02 mL per serving

Cardamom is a popular cooking spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestion and fresh breath. As a food, it is generally safe fo...

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) fruit oil monograph & interactions

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf oil

Interacts with
717 drugs
0.02 mL per serving

Coriander (also called cilantro) is a common cooking herb and spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestive complaints. As a foo...

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf oil monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Extra virgin Olive Oil, Gelatin, Glycerol, Water, Enteric Coating. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Peppermint Forte by Terry Naturally Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Peppermint Forte?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,236Drugs
1,202 Moderate 34 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) aerial oil 796
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf oil 717
Caraway (Carum carvii) seed oil 413

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Peppermint Forte interact with 1,236 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Peppermint Forte interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) aerial oil Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf oil Caraway (Carum carvii) seed oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Peppermint Forte with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) aerial oil5 drug types · 796 drugs

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, peppermint oil might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, peppermint oil inhibits cyclosporine metabolism and increases cyclosporine levels. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) may be partially responsible for this interaction. An interaction between peppermint oil and cyclosporine has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that a single dose of peppermint oil 600 mg inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes and increases the AUC of felodipine, a CYP3A4 substrate. However, in vitro research suggests that peppermint oil only inhibits CYP3A4 at very high concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro and animal research shows that peppermint oil and peppermint leaf inhibit CYP1A2. However, in clinical research, peppermint tea did not significantly affect the metabolism of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate. It is possible that the 6-day duration of treatment may have been too short to identify a difference.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) aerial oil full monograph & interactions

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf oil4 drug types · 717 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Evidence from animal research suggests that coriander fruit and coriander extract can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Evidence from animal research suggests that coriander fruit can lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, coriander might cause additive sedative effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Evidence from animal research suggests that coriander fruit extract has sedative effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, coriander might increase the risk of photosensitivity when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Evidence from in vitro research suggests that coriandrin, a constituent of coriander, has photosensitizing effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf oil full monograph & interactions

Caraway (Carum carvii) seed oil7 drug types · 413 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, caraway might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that caraway can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Medication dose adjustments may be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Animal research suggests that (S)-(+)-carvone, a major constituent of caraway seed extract, has sedative effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, caraway might increase the risk of hypokalemia when used with diuretics that deplete potassium.
Animal research suggests that a single dose of caraway fruit extract can promote diuresis and increase the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. However, sub-chronic use of caraway fruit extract does not seem to significantly increase potassium excretion, although urine output continues to be increased for up to 6 days.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, caraway might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium due to diuretic effects.
Animal research suggests that caraway fruit extract has diuretic properties.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Isoniazid

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of isoniazid.
Animal research suggests that a specific fraction of caraway seed extract (CC-1a) can increase plasma levels of isoniazid when administered concomitantly. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pyrazinamide

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of pyrazinamide.
Animal research suggests that a specific fraction of caraway seed extract (CC-1a) can increase plasma levels of pyrazinamide when administered concomitantly. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of rifampin.
Animal research suggests that a specific fraction of caraway seed extract (CC-1a) can increase plasma levels of rifampin when administered concomitantly. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Caraway (Carum carvii) seed oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Peppermint Forte, from the product label.

Terry Naturally

See all Terry Naturally products
Name
EuroPharma, Inc.
City
Green Bay
State
WI
ZipCode
54311
Phone Number
(866) 807-2731
Web Address
EuroPharmaUSA.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Peppermint Forte by Terry Naturally: Common Questions

Does Peppermint Forte by Terry Naturally interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Peppermint Forte has a known interaction with 1,236 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Peppermint Forte contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is peppermint oil supposed to do in this product?
Peppermint oil is likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and possibly effective for indigestion, nausea related to chemotherapy, colon spasms during medical procedures, and side effects from endoscopy. The other herbal oils — caraway, cardamom, and coriander — are traditionally used to support digestion, though the evidence for most of these conditions is either limited or insufficient.
Is Peppermint Forte safe to take during pregnancy?
Peppermint oil is rated likely safe in pregnancy. However, caraway oil is possibly unsafe in concentrated medicinal doses during pregnancy — food amounts are probably fine, but safety data are limited. Cardamom and coriander have no pregnancy or lactation data on file. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product.
Is Peppermint Forte safe while breastfeeding?
Peppermint oil is rated likely safe while breastfeeding. Safety data for caraway oil, cardamom, and coriander during breastfeeding are limited or not on file. If you're breastfeeding, check with your pharmacist before starting this product.
What side effects might I experience?
The most common side effects are mild — belching, heartburn, dry mouth, nausea, or abdominal pain. Topical use can cause skin irritation or burning. Rare but serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis (throat tightness and difficulty breathing), have been reported, especially in people with asthma or a known spice allergy.
Can I use Peppermint Forte if I have asthma?
People with a history of asthma should be cautious. There are rare reports of allergic reactions to peppermint, caraway, or coriander in people with asthma. Talk with your doctor before starting this product if you have asthma or a known spice allergy.
Does this product have fillers or other inactive ingredients?
Yes — the product contains extra virgin olive oil as a carrier, gelatin for the capsule, glycerol (a thickener), water, and an enteric coating that allows the capsule to dissolve in your small intestine rather than your stomach.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Peppermint Forte is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Peppermint Forte label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Peppermint Forte’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Peppermint

Interacts with 796 drugs

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated for most adults, but it can cause heartbu...

Read the full Peppermint monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Caraway

Interacts with 413 drugs

Caraway is a common cooking spice that has long been used to ease gas, bloating, and indigestion. Some evidence suggests caraway oil—often combined with peppermint oil—may help with indigest...

Read the full Caraway monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cardamom

Cardamom is a popular cooking spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestion and fresh breath. As a food, it is generally safe for most people, but high-dose supplements...

Read the full Cardamom monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Coriander

Interacts with 717 drugs

Coriander (also called cilantro) is a common cooking herb and spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestive complaints. As a food it is generally safe for most people,...

Read the full Coriander monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Peppermint Forte's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 66 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Peppermint 41 references
  1. Liu JH, Chen GH, Yeh HZ, et al. Enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 1997;32:765-8. PubMed
  2. Pittler MH, Ernst E. Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: a critical review and metaanalysis. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1131-5. PubMed
  3. Kline RM, Kline JJ, Di Palma J, Barbero GJ. Enteric-coated, pH-dependent peppermint oil capsules for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children. J Pediatr 2001;138:125-8. PubMed
  4. Madisch A, Heydenreich CJ, Wieland V, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a fixed peppermint oil and caraway oil combination preparation as compared to cisapride. A multicenter, reference-controlled, double-blind equivalence study. Arzneimittel
  5. May B, Kuntz HD, Kieser M, Kohler S. Efficacy of a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46:1149-53.
  6. Micklefield GH, Greving I, May B. Effects of peppermint oil and caraway oil on gastroduodenal motility. Phytother Res 2000;14:20-3. DOI
  7. Morton CA, Garioch J, Todd P, et al. Contact sensitivity to menthol and peppermint in patients with intra-oral symptoms. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:281-4. PubMed
  8. May B, Kohler S, Schneider B. Efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1671-7. PubMed
  9. Nash P, Gould SR, Bernardo DE. Peppermint oil does not relieve the pain of irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Clin Pract 1986;40:292-3. DOI
  10. Rees WD, Evans BK, Rhodes J. Treating irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. Br Med J 1979;2:835-6. PubMed
  11. Davies SJ, Harding LM, Baranowski AP. A novel treatment of postherpetic neuralgia using peppermint oil. Clin J Pain 2002;18:200-2. PubMed
  12. Weston CF. Anal burning and peppermint oil. Postgrad Med J 1987;63:717. PubMed
  13. Dresser GK, Wacher V, Wong S, et al. Evaluation of peppermint oil and ascorbyl palmitate as inhibitors of cytochrome P4503A4 activity in vitro and in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;72:247-55. PubMed
  14. Wacher VJ, Wong S, Wong HT. Peppermint oil enhances cyclosporine oral bioavailability in rats: comparison with D-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol 1000) succinate (TPGS) and ketoconazole. J Pharm Sci 2002;91:77-90.
  15. Lawson MJ, Knight RE, Tran K, et al. Failure of enteric-coated peppermint oil in the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind crossover study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1988;3:235-8. DOI
  16. Unger M, Frank A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;1 PubMed
  17. Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9. PubMed
  18. Rogers SN, Pahor AL. A form of stomatitis induced by excessive peppermint consumption. Dent Update 1995;22:36-7.
  19. Cappello G, Spezzaferro M, Grossi L, et al. Peppermint oil (Mintoil) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:530-6. PubMed
  20. Moghadam BK, Gier R, and Thurlow T. Extensive oral mucosal ulcerations caused by misuse of a commercial mouthwash. Cutis 1999;64:131-134.
  21. Andersen, K. E. Contact allergy to toothpaste flavors. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(4):195-198. PubMed
  22. Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629. PubMed
  23. Tamir, S., Davidovich, Z., Attal, P., and Eliashar, R. Peppermint oil chemical burn. Otolaryngol.Head Neck Surg. 2005;133(5):801-802. PubMed
  24. Kalavala, M., Hughes, T. M., Goodwin, R. G., Anstey, A. V., and Stone, N. M. Allergic contact dermatitis to peppermint foot spray. Contact Dermatitis 2007;57(1):57-58. PubMed
  25. Vermaat, H., van Meurs, T., Rustemeyer, T., Bruynzeel, D. P., and Kirtschig, G. Vulval allergic contact dermatitis due to peppermint oil in herbal tea. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58(6):364-365. PubMed
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  30. Lech, Y., Olesen, K. M., Hey, H., Rask-Pedersen, E., Vilien, M., and Ostergaard, O. [Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. A double- blind study with a placebo]. Ugeskr.Laeger 10-3-1988;150(40):2388-2389.
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See these in context on the Peppermint monograph →

Caraway 11 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  2. May B, Kuntz HD, Kieser M, Kohler S. Efficacy of a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46:1149-53.
  3. Micklefield GH, Greving I, May B. Effects of peppermint oil and caraway oil on gastroduodenal motility. Phytother Res 2000;14:20-3. DOI
  4. Herb Info Canada. Caraway website. www.herb.plant.org/caraway.htm (Accessed 11 September 2000).
  5. May B, Kohler S, Schneider B. Efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1671-7. PubMed
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  9. de Sousa, D. P., Farias Nobrega, F. F., and de Almeida, R. N. Influence of the chirality of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-carvone in the central nervous system: a comparative study. Chirality 5-5-2007;19(4):264-268.
  10. Modu S, Gohla K Umar IA. The hypoglycaemic and hypocholrsterolaemic properties of black caraway (Carum carvi L.) oil in alloxan diabetic rats. Biokemistri (Nigeria) 1997;7:91-97.
  11. Rich G, Shah A, Koloski N, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the effects of Menthacarin, a proprietary peppermint- and caraway-oil-preparation, on symptoms and quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2 PubMed

See these in context on the Caraway monograph →

Cardamom 2 references
  1. Mobacken, H. and Fregert, S. Allergic contact dermatitis from cardamom. Contact Dermatitis 1975;1(3):175-176. PubMed
  2. Aghasi M, Koohdani F, Qorbani M, et al. Beneficial effects of green cardamom on serum SIRT1, glycemic indices and triglyceride levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. J Sci Food Agri PubMed

See these in context on the Cardamom monograph →

Coriander 12 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Swanston-Flatt SK, Day C, Bailey CJ, Flatt PR. Traditional plant treatments for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Diabetologia 1990;33:462-4. PubMed
  3. Gray, A. M. and Flatt, P. R. Insulin-releasing and insulin-like activity of the traditional anti-diabetic plant Coriandrum sativum (coriander). Br.J Nutr. 1999;81(3):203-209.
  4. Kanerva, L. and Soini, M. Occupational protein contact dermatitis from coriander. Contact Dermatitis 2001;45(6):354-355. PubMed
  5. Emamghoreishi, M., Khasaki, M., and Aazam, M. F. Coriandrum sativum: evaluation of its anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus-maze. J Ethnopharmacol. 1-15-2005;96(3):365-370. PubMed
  6. Ebo, D. G., Bridts, C. H., Mertens, M. H., and Stevens, W. J. Coriander anaphylaxis in a spice grinder with undetected occupational allergy. Acta Clin Belg. 2006;61(3):152-156. PubMed
  7. Eidi, M., Eidi, A., Saeidi, A., Molanaei, S., Sadeghipour, A., Bahar, M., and Bahar, K. Effect of coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum L.) ethanol extract on insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytother.Res
  8. Jabeen, Q., Bashir, S., Lyoussi, B., and Gilani, A. H. Coriander fruit exhibits gut modulatory, blood pressure lowering and diuretic activities. J Ethnopharmacol. 2-25-2009;122(1):123-130. PubMed
  9. van Toorenenbergen, A. W. and Dieges, P. H. Immunoglobulin E antibodies against coriander and other spices. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1985;76(3):477-481. PubMed
  10. Ashwood-Smith, M. J., Warrington, P. J., Jenkins, M., Ceska, O., and Romaniuk, P. J. Photobiological properties of a novel, naturally occurring furoisocoumarin, coriandrin. Photochem.Photobiol. 1989;50(6):745-751. PubMed
  11. Sastre, J., Olmo, M., Novalvos, A., Ibanez, D., and Lahoz, C. Occupational asthma due to different spices. Allergy 1996;51(2):117-120. PubMed
  12. Beikert FC, Anastasiadou Z, Fritzen B, Frank U, Augustin M. Topical treatment of tinea pedis using 6% coriander oil in unguentum leniens: a randomized, controlled, comparative pilot study. Dermatology. 2013;226(1):47-51. PubMed

See these in context on the Coriander monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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