Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

PS Plus Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Pure Encapsulations

PS Plus label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking PS Plus against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

PS Plus is a dietary supplement by Pure Encapsulations with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for antioxidant support, heart health, brain and memory health.Based on those ingredients, 610 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Orleans Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) extract, Sharp-PS Green Phosphatidylserine, wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against PS Plus by Pure Encapsulations

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with PS Plus by Pure Encapsulations — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of PS Plus by Pure Encapsulations

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “PhytoMemory Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (150 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

PS Plus contains 4 active ingredients: wild blueberry extract, spinach extract, Orleans strawberry extract, and phosphatidylserine (Sharp-PS Green), a compound extracted from plant sources. These work together as a brain-support blend, with blueberry and spinach contributing antioxidants and spinach adding folate, while phosphatidylserine is thought to support cell-to-cell communication in the brain.

The capsule itself is vegetarian, and the product includes several inactive ingredients—plant fiber, maltodextrin, silicon dioxide, tricalcium phosphate, and ascorbyl palmitate—as binders and flow agents.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Age-related cognitive decline — rated "Possibly Effective" (Phosphatidylserine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Alzheimer disease — rated "Possibly Effective" (Phosphatidylserine) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for PS Plus's ingredients varies. Phosphatidylserine is possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.

For blueberry and strawberry, the research we have doesn't establish effectiveness for cardiovascular health, cognitive function, or other conditions listed—we'd call that insufficient evidence. Spinach's evidence for cognitive function, muscle strength, and other claims is also insufficient to rate.

Because this is a combination product with mixed evidence levels, talk with your doctor about whether it fits your particular health goals.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Blueberry Spinach Strawberry Phosphatidylserine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Blueberry extract is generally well tolerated when taken by mouth, though freeze-dried blueberries (at 50 grams daily) caused gastrointestinal complaints like constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting in a quarter of trial participants in the first week. Spinach as a food is safe and nutritious; serious effects are rare and mostly limited to infants under 4 months (a blood condition called methemoglobinemia) or allergic reactions in sensitive people.

Strawberry is well tolerated in food amounts and medicinal doses, though nausea and allergies (including oral allergy syndrome) have been reported rarely. Phosphatidylserine is generally well tolerated but long-term safety isn't fully established; common side effects include flatulence, gastrointestinal upset, headache, insomnia, and nausea.

For pregnancy, blueberry and spinach are rated likely safe as food, though concentrated blueberry supplements haven't been well studied in pregnancy. Strawberry's concentrated supplement safety during pregnancy is unknown.

Phosphatidylserine should be avoided in pregnancy and while breastfeeding—the safety data advises against it. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, check with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Blueberry Spinach Strawberry Phosphatidylserine

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Strawberry, Spinach, Phosphatidylserine, Blueberry.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 610 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take this, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you use blood thinners like warfarin, antithrombotic drugs (aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin), antidiabetes medications, anticholinergic drugs (for urinary symptoms or motion sickness), cholinergic drugs (for myasthenia gravis or Alzheimer's disease), flurbiprofen, buspirone, or medications that rely on p-glycoprotein transporters—the product's ingredients carry documented interactions at moderate or minor severity with these drug types.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

PS Plus might be worth considering if you're interested in cognitive support and you don't take blood thinners, antidiabetes drugs, or medications for urinary symptoms or myasthenia gravis. Because it contains spinach (vitamin K) and strawberry (antiplatelet compounds), it's especially important to clear it first with your doctor or pharmacist if you take warfarin or other blood thinners.

Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding based on the phosphatidylserine content. Talk it over with your own healthcare provider before starting, especially if you're on any regular medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 25, 2019.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about PS Plus, straight from the product label.

Brand Pure Encapsulations
Barcode (UPC) 766298013138
Net contents 60 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 25, 2019
DSLD ID 187516
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for PS Plus by Pure Encapsulations, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
766298013138
IngredientAmount% DV
PhytoMemory Proprietary Blend150 mg--
wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) extract0 NP--
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) extract0 NP--
Orleans Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) extract0 NP--
Sharp-PS Green Phosphatidylserine150 mg--

Other ingredients: Vegetarian Capsule, hypoallergenic Plant Fiber, Maltodextrin, Silicon Dioxide, Tricalcium Phosphate, Ascorbyl Palmitate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommendations: As a dietary supplement, take 1 capsule, 1–2 times daily, with meals.

Precautions

Warning: If you are pregnant or lactating, have any health condition or are taking any medication, consult your health professional before use.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Use only if safety seal is intact.

General Statements

Contents may not fill package in order to accommodate required labeling. Please rely on stated quantity.

Scan to learn about our hypoallergenic supplements

Enhanced support for cognitive function

Formulation

Certified Gluten-Free by the Gluten-Free Certification Organization, www.gluten.org

Gluten-free, Soy-free, Non-GMO & Hypoallergenic

Gluten-free, Soy-free, Non-GMO & Hypoallergenic

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Seals/Symbols

GF

Brand IP Statement(s)

Sharp-PS Green is a registered trademark of Enzymotec Ltd.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General

v5 code: PSP6

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

PS Plus by Pure Encapsulations label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

PS Plus label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in PS Plus by Pure Encapsulations

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sharp-PS Green Phosphatidylserine

Interacts with
219 drugs
150 mg per serving Form: Sunflower Lecithin

Phosphatidylserine is a natural fat-like compound found in cell membranes, especially in the brain, and it is sold mainly to support memory and thinki...

Sharp-PS Green Phosphatidylserine monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetarian Capsule, Hypoallergenic Plant Fiber, Maltodextrin, Silicon Dioxide, Tricalcium Phosphate, Ascorbyl Palmitate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

PS Plus by Pure Encapsulations Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against PS Plus?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
610Drugs
608 Moderate 2 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Orleans Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) extract 316
Sharp-PS Green Phosphatidylserine 219
wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) extract 88
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) extract 88

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in PS Plus interact with 610 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 4 ingredients in PS Plus interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Orleans Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) extract Sharp-PS Green Phosphatidylserine wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) extract Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in PS Plus with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Orleans Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) extract2 drug types · 316 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

In vitro and animal research suggests that strawberry extract can inhibit platelet aggregation due to its phenolic content. Theoretically, strawberry might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

In vitro research suggests that strawberry extract can inhibit p-glycoprotein efflux. Theoretically, strawberry might inhibit p-glycoprotein mediated drug efflux and potentially increase levels of drugs that are substrates of p-glycoprotein. Until more is known, strawberry should be used cautiously in people taking p-glycoprotein substrates.
Drugs that might be affected include some chemotherapeutic agents (etoposide, paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine), antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole), protease inhibitors (amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir), H2 antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine), some calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil), corticosteroids, erythromycin, cisapride (Propulsid), fexofenadine (Allegra), cyclosporine, loperamide (Imodium), quinidine, and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Orleans Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) extract full monograph & interactions

Sharp-PS Green Phosphatidylserine2 drug types · 219 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, phosphatidylserine might decrease the effectiveness anticholinergic drugs.
Phosphatidylserine is thought to increase acetylcholine levels, which could theoretically interfere with the activity of anticholinergic agents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, phosphatidylserine might have additive effects with cholinergic drugs.
Phosphatidylserine is thought to increase acetylcholine levels, which could theoretically lead to additive cholinergic effects when used with cholinergic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Sharp-PS Green Phosphatidylserine full monograph & interactions

wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) extract3 drug types · 88 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, blueberries or blueberry leaf extracts might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vitro research suggests that blueberry and/or blueberry leaf extracts can lower blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Buspirone (Buspar)

Theoretically, blueberry juice might increase blood levels of buspirone.
In vitro research shows that blueberry juice can inhibit the metabolism of buspirone, possibly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes. However, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking 300 mL of blueberry juice 30 minutes before taking buspirone hydrochloride 10 mg does not significantly affect the concentration or clearance of buspirone.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Others)

Theoretically, blueberry juice might increase blood levels of flurbiprofen.
In vitro research shows that blueberry juice can inhibit the metabolism of flurbiprofen, possibly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) enzymes. However, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking 300 mL of blueberry juice 30 minutes before taking flurbiprofen 100 mg does not significantly affect the concentration or clearance of flurbiprofen.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) extract full monograph & interactions

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) extract2 drug types · 88 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

There are claims that spinach leaves have hypoglycemic effects. Evidence from clinical research suggests that consumption of a spinach-rich meal reduces post-meal blood glucose levels. Theoretically, spinach might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary. Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Spinach contains vitamin K, which can interfere with the activity of warfarin.
In human research, although eating spinach with one meal does not result in coagulation test results outside the therapeutic range, daily consumption for one week necessitates dose adjustment of warfarin. Individuals using anticoagulants should consume a consistent daily amount of spinach to maintain the effect of anticoagulant therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for PS Plus, from the product label.

Pure Encapsulations

See all Pure Encapsulations products
Name
Pure Encapsulations
Street Address
490 Boston Post Road
City
Sudbury
State
MA
Phone Number
1-800-753-2277
Web Address
www.PureEncapsulations.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

PS Plus by Pure Encapsulations: Common Questions

Does PS Plus by Pure Encapsulations interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, PS Plus has a known interaction with 610 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
PS Plus contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin or another blood thinner?
No, not without checking first with your doctor or pharmacist. Spinach in this product contains vitamin K, which reduces warfarin's effectiveness; human research shows that daily spinach consumption for a week requires warfarin dose adjustment. Strawberry extract may also increase bleeding risk with blood thinners. You need your provider's guidance before starting.
Will this help my memory or cognitive function?
Phosphatidylserine in this blend is possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. For blueberry and spinach, the evidence we have isn't strong enough to rate—we call that insufficient reliable evidence. Your own results will depend on your individual situation, so talk with your doctor about whether it's right for you.
What side effects might I experience?
Most common are from blueberry and phosphatidylserine: gastrointestinal upset (constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, or flatulence), headache, and insomnia. Freeze-dried blueberries at high doses (50 grams daily) caused GI problems in about a quarter of trial participants in the first week. Strawberry rarely causes nausea or allergic reactions. If you have a known allergy to any of these fruits, avoid this product.
Is it safe to take during pregnancy?
No. Phosphatidylserine should be avoided in pregnancy based on insufficient safety data—the facts advise against it. Blueberry and strawberry concentrates also haven't been well studied in pregnancy. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice if you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
Can I take this if I'm breastfeeding?
Safety while breastfeeding is not well established for any of the concentrated ingredients in this product. Phosphatidylserine should be avoided. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting if you're nursing.
What's phosphatidylserine, and why is it in here?
Phosphatidylserine is a compound found naturally in cell membranes that's thought to support communication between brain cells. It's included because it's possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. It's extracted from plants for this supplement.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

PS Plus label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind PS Plus’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Blueberry

Interacts with 88 drugs

Blueberries are a nutritious fruit rich in antioxidants called anthocyanins, and eating them as part of a balanced diet is healthy and safe for most people. Concentrated supplements are mark...

Read the full Blueberry monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Spinach

Interacts with 88 drugs

Spinach is a nutrient-dense leafy green that is a healthy part of a balanced diet, providing vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. While it is very safe as a food, concentrated supple...

Read the full Spinach monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Strawberry

Interacts with 316 drugs

Strawberry is a popular, nutrient-rich fruit that supplies vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidant plant compounds. Eating strawberries as part of a balanced diet is healthy for most people, but c...

Read the full Strawberry monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Phosphatidylserine

Interacts with 219 drugs

Phosphatidylserine is a natural fat-like compound found in cell membranes, especially in the brain, and it is sold mainly to support memory and thinking. Some research suggests possible bene...

Read the full Phosphatidylserine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

PS Plus's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 40 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Blueberry 7 references
  1. Cignarella A, Nastasi M, Cavalli E, Puglisi L. Novel lipid-lowering properties of Vaccinium myrtillus L. leaves, a traditional antidiabetic treatment, in several models of rat dyslipidaemia: a comparison with ciprofibrate. Thromb Res 1996;84:311-22. PubMed
  2. Wang SY, Lin HS. Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry varies with cultivar and developmental stage. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:140-6.. PubMed
  3. Martineau, L. C., Couture, A., Spoor, D., Benhaddou-Andaloussi, A., Harris, C., Meddah, B., Leduc, C., Burt, A., Vuong, T., Mai, Le P., Prentki, M., Bennett, S. A., Arnason, J. T., and Haddad, P. S. Anti-diabetic properties of the Canadian lowbush bluebe
  4. Vuong, T., Martineau, L. C., Ramassamy, C., Matar, C., and Haddad, P. S. Fermented Canadian lowbush blueberry juice stimulates glucose uptake and AMP-activated protein kinase in insulin-sensitive cultured muscle cells and adipocytes. Can J Physiol Pharma
  5. Hanley MJ, Masse G, Harmatz JS, Cancalon PF, Dolnikowski GG, Court MH, Greenblatt DJ. Effect of blueberry juice on clearance of buspirone and flurbiprofen in human volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Apr;75(4):1041-52. PubMed
  6. Basu A, Du M, Leyva MJ, et al. Blueberries decrease cardiovascular risk factors in obese men and women with metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 2010;140(9):1582-7. PubMed
  7. Basu A, Feng D, Planinic P, Ebersole JL, Lyons TJ, Alexander JM. Dietary blueberry and soluble fiber supplementation reduces risk of gestational diabetes in women with obesity in a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr 2021;151(5):1128-38. PubMed

See these in context on the Blueberry monograph →

Spinach 6 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Karlson, B., Leijd, B., and Hellstrom, K. On the influence of vitamin K-rich vegetables and wine on the effectiveness of warfarin treatment. Acta Med Scand. 1986;220(4):347-350. PubMed
  3. Roller, E., Meller, S., Homey, B., Ruzicka, T., and Neumann, N. J. [Contact dermatitis caused by spinach, hedge mustard and chives]. Hautarzt 2003;54(4):374-375.
  4. Schuller, A., Morisset, M., Maadi, F., Kolopp Sarda, M. N., Fremont, S., Parisot, L., Kanny, G., and Moneret-Vautrin, D. A. Occupational asthma due to allergy to spinach powder in a pasta factory. Allergy 2005;60(3):408-409. PubMed
  5. Gustafsson, K., Asp, N. G., Hagander, B., and Nyman, M. Satiety effects of spinach in mixed meals: comparison with other vegetables. Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr. 1995;46(4):327-334. PubMed
  6. Schreiber, J., Muller, E., Becker, W. M., Zabel, P., Schlaak, M., and Amthor, M. [Spinach powder-induced exogenous allergic alveolitis]. Pneumologie 1998;52(1):61-65.

See these in context on the Spinach monograph →

Strawberry 18 references
  1. Grattan CE, Harman RR. Contact urticaria to strawberry. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13:191-2. . PubMed
  2. Dutta-Roy, A. K., Crosbie, L., and Gordon, M. J. Effects of tomato extract on human platelet aggregation in vitro. Platelets. 2001;12(4):218-227. PubMed
  3. Van Gelder, J., Deferme, S., Naesens, L., De Clercq, E., van den, Mooter G., Kinget, R., and Augustijns, P. Intestinal absorption enhancement of the ester prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate through modulation of the biochemical barrier by defined este
  4. Deferme, S., Van Gelder, J., and Augustijns, P. Inhibitory effect of fruit extracts on P-glycoprotein-related efflux carriers: an in-vitro screening. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002;54(9):1213-1219.
  5. Naemura, A., Mitani, T., Ijiri, Y., Tamura, Y., Yamashita, T., Okimura, M., and Yamamoto, J. Anti-thrombotic effect of strawberries. Blood Coagul.Fibrinolysis 2005;16(7):501-509. PubMed
  6. Basu A, Betts NM, Nguyen A, Newman ED, Fu D, Lyons TJ. Freeze-dried strawberries lower serum cholesterol and lipid peroxidation in adults with abdominal adiposity and elevated serum lipids. J Nutr. 2014;144(6):830-7. PubMed
  7. Feresin RG, Johnson SA, Pourafshar S, et al. Impact of daily strawberry consumption on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in pre- and stage 1-hypertensive postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct. 2017;8(11):4139-4149. PubMed
  8. Moazen S, Amani R, Homayouni Rad A, Shahbazian H, Ahmadi K, Taha Jalali M. Effects of freeze-dried strawberry supplementation on metabolic biomarkers of atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Ann Nutr PubMed
  9. Schell J, Scofield RH, Barrett JR, et al. Strawberries improve pain and inflammation in obese adults with radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis. Nutrients. 2017;9(9):949. PubMed
  10. Zunino SJ, Parelman MA, Freytag TL, et al. Effects of dietary strawberry powder on blood lipids and inflammatory markers in obese human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(5):900-9. PubMed
  11. Amani R, Moazen S, Shahbazian H, Ahmadi K, Jalali MT. Flavonoid-rich beverage effects on lipid profile and blood pressure in diabetic patients. World J Diabetes. 2014;5(6):962-8. PubMed
  12. Cabrera-Freitag P, Bermejo Becerro A, Abreu Ramírez MG, et al. Allergy to strawberry in children from the Mediterranean area: is it really allergy? J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2020;30(4):283-5. PubMed
  13. Hadi A, Askarpour M, Miraghajani M, Symonds ME, Sheikhi A, Ghaedi E. Effects of strawberry supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2019;10(11):6987-98. PubMed
  14. Gao Q, Qin LQ, Arafa A, Eshak ES, Dong JY. Effects of strawberry intervention on cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2020;124(3):241-6. PubMed
  15. Basu A, Izuora K, Hooyman A, Scofield HR, Ebersole JL. Dietary Strawberries Improve Serum Metabolites of Cardiometabolic Risks in Adults with Features of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(3):2051. PubMed
  16. Huang L, Xiao D, Zhang X, et al. Strawberry Consumption, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Vascular Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia. J Nutr 2021;151(6):1517-1526. PubMed
  17. Basu A, Izuora K, Betts NM, et al. Dietary Strawberries Improve Cardiometabolic Risks in Adults with Obesity and Elevated Serum LDL Cholesterol in a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2021;13(5):1421. PubMed
  18. Wilken MR, Lambert MNT, Christensen CB, Jeppesen PB. Effects of Anthocyanin-rich Berries on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Rev Diabet Stud 2022;18(1):42-57. PubMed

See these in context on the Strawberry monograph →

Phosphatidylserine 9 references
  1. Crook T, Petrie W, Wells C, Massari DC. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacol Bull 1992;28:61-6.
  2. Pepping J. Phosphatidylserine. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1999;56:2038,2043-4.
  3. Kidd PM. Phosphatidylserine; Membrane nutrient for memory. A clinical and mechanistic assessment. Altern Med Rev 1996;1:70-84.
  4. Kim HY, Akbar M, Lau A, et al. Inhibition of neuronal apoptosis by docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3). Role of phosphatidylserine in antiapoptotic effect. J Biol Chem 2000;275:35215-23.. PubMed
  5. Zanotti A, Valzelli L, Toffano G. Chronic phosphatidylserine treatment improves spatial memory and passive avoidance in aged rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1989;99:316-21.. PubMed
  6. Schreiber S, Kampf-Sherf O, Gorfine M, et al. An open trial of plant-source derived phosphatydilserine for treatment of age-related cognitive decline. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2000;37:302-7.
  7. Pepping, J. Phosphatidylserine. Am J Health Syst.Pharm. 10-15-1999;56(20):2038, 2043-2038, 2044.
  8. Monteverde, A., Gnemmi, P., Rossi, F., Monteverde, A., and Finali, G. C. Selegiline in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer-type dementia. Clin.Ther 1990;12(4):315-322.
  9. Vakhapova V, Cohen T, Richter Y, Herzog Y, Kam Y, Korczyn AD. Phosphatidylserine containing omega-3 Fatty acids may improve memory abilities in nondemented elderly individuals with memory complaints: results from an open-label extension study. Dement Geri PubMed

See these in context on the Phosphatidylserine monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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