Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by VPX

Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix is a dietary supplement by VPX with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for preventing iodine deficiency, supporting thyroid hormone production, general energy and metabolism support.Based on those ingredients, 391 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Iodine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix by VPX

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix by VPX — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix by VPX

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 17, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “Iodine” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (2,500 mcg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Thyrovex contains five active ingredients. L-Tyrosine is an amino acid and building block for thyroid hormones and stress-response chemicals.

Iodine is an essential mineral your thyroid needs to make thyroid hormones. Selenium is a trace mineral that supports thyroid function and acts as an antioxidant.

Kelp is a seaweed that contains iodine and other minerals. Diiodothyronine is a thyroid-active compound related to thyroid hormones.

The product also contains several inactive ingredients — medium-chain triglycerides, lecithin, gelatin, water, natural red color, polysorbate 80, and titanium dioxide — which serve as fillers, binders, and capsule material.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: thyroid support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Hypothyroidism, Autoimmune thyroiditis, Iodine deficiency, Cognitive function, Thyroid hormone synthesis, T3 and T4 production.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Iodine is rated "Likely Effective" for Iodine deficiency (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Selenium is rated "Possibly Effective" for Autoimmune thyroiditis.
  • Also on file: Tyrosine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cognitive function.

Evidence for these ingredients is mixed. L-Tyrosine is effective for phenylketonuria (PKU) and possibly effective for cognitive function and memory, though possibly ineffective for athletic performance.

Iodine is likely effective for iodine deficiency and radiation exposure, and possibly effective for oral mouth sores and gum disease. Selenium is likely effective for selenium deficiency and possibly effective for Kashin-Beck disease, pre-eclampsia, and autoimmune thyroiditis, though possibly ineffective for cholesterol problems.

Kelp's effectiveness is largely unestablished — evidence is insufficient for cancer, high blood pressure, weight loss, and radiation sickness. Diiodothyronine has insufficient evidence for diabetes, high cholesterol, muscle strength, or weight loss.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Iodine Tyrosine Selenium Laminaria Diiodothyronine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-Tyrosine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, though not enough safety data exists for regular use without medical guidance. The most common side effects are fatigue, headache, heartburn, and nausea.

Selenium is generally well tolerated in normal amounts but can be toxic at high doses; common side effects include stomach upset, headache, and rash, and excess intake can cause hair loss, skin problems, fatigue, and nail changes. Iodine is well tolerated in normal dietary amounts but can cause thyroid problems, stomach upset, nausea, goiter, and metallic taste at high doses; rare serious reactions include anaphylaxis.

Kelp varies — iodine-reduced kelp is well tolerated, but other forms may contain excess iodine or arsenic; excess iodine can harm the thyroid, and arsenic exposure has caused poisoning. Diiodothyronine is a thyroid-active compound with limited human safety data and possible effects on heart and thyroid function.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Iodine Tyrosine Selenium Laminaria Diiodothyronine

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Iodine, Laminaria, Selenium, Tyrosine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; heart-rhythm medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 391 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (Moderate risk from Selenium), Parkinson's medication levodopa (Moderate from L-Tyrosine), thyroid hormone replacement (Moderate from L-Tyrosine and Iodine), immunosuppressants, sedating drugs like barbiturates, warfarin, lithium, antithyroid drugs, amiodarone, potassium-sparing water pills, ACE inhibitors, digoxin, birth control pills, or niacin. These are the medication types our data shows may interact with the ingredients in this product.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a thyroid-support formula aimed at people looking to support thyroid hormone production through iodine, selenium, and tyrosine. If you take any medications — especially blood thinners, thyroid drugs, heart medications, water pills, ACE inhibitors, immunosuppressants, barbiturates, lithium, or antithyroid drugs — check your exact medications with the tool on this page before starting.

Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product fits your situation and whether the amounts of iodine and selenium are right for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 25, 2012.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix, straight from the product label.

Brand VPX
Barcode (UPC) 610764385369
Net contents 60 Bioliquid Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 25, 2012
DSLD ID 14831
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix by VPX, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
610764385369
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories0 {Calories}--
Calories from Fat0 {Calories}--
Total Fat0 g--
L-Tyrosine327 mg--
Iodine2500 mcg--
Selenium250 mcg--
Iodine2410 mcg--
Kelp7 mg--
3',5' Diiodo-L-Thyronine300 mcg--

Other ingredients: Medium Chain Triglycerides, Lecithin, Gelatin, Water, natural red color, Polysorbate 80, Titanium Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

THYROID SUPPORT MATRIX

Research shows that fluoride might decrease serum free T-3 and T-4 levels. One study found that a higher consumption of food from the sea and a higher dietary iodine intake are significantly associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer. Also, low selenium status correlates with risk of goiter (thyroid swelling and dysfunction). Furthermore, tyrosine is needed for a normal thyroid hormone function. Optimal thyroid function is also key to optimal metabolism. Persons with an under active thyroid are often overweight and have trouble maintaining ideal weight. Thyrovex contains iodine, L-tyrosine, special amino acid chelated selenium and the novel 3,5' Diiodo-L-Thyronine.

NEW

BEST BY DATE ON SIDE

Precautions

Allergen Information: Contains soy (as soy lecithin). Allergen Warning: manufactured in a facility that processes milk, soy, tree nuts, and peanut.

Caution: Do not use this product if you are pregnant or nursing or have a medical condition. Do not take this product if you are taking prescription drugs.

This product is intended for use by healthy individuals only.

Not recommended for use by individuals under 18 years of age. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Do not purchase if safety seal is broken or missing.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommended Use: As a dietary supplement, take one to three capsules daily, preferably with meals.

Brand IP Statement(s)

These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

(C)2012 VITAL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Storage

Store container between 15(0)C to 30(0)C (59(0)F to 86(0)F).

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

General

V001

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix by VPX label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix by VPX

This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Iodine

Interacts with
7 drugs
2500 mcg per serving

Iodine is an essential mineral your body needs to make thyroid hormones, and most people get enough from iodized salt, dairy, and seafood. Supplements...

Iodine monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Medium Chain Triglycerides, Lecithin, Gelatin, Water, Natural red color, Polysorbate 80, Titanium Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix by VPX Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
391Drugs
363 Moderate 28 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Iodine 7

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix interact with 391 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 1 ingredient in Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Iodine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Iodine3 drug types · 7 drugs

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Combining iodine with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.
Amiodarone contains 37.3% iodine and can increase iodine levels. Concomitant use with iodine might increase the risk of having excessive iodine levels and adversely affecting thyroid function. Monitor thyroid function.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antithyroid Drugs

Iodine might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.
Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking iodine while using antithyroid drugs could alter the effects of the antithyroid drugs.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Combining iodine with lithium might have additive hypothyroid effects.
Lithium can inhibit thyroid function. Several case reports suggest that concomitant use of lithium and potassium iodide can reduce thyroid function in otherwise healthy adults. Monitor thyroid function.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Iodine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix, from the product label.

VPX

See all VPX products
Web Address
VPXSPORTS.COM
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix by VPX: Common Questions

Does Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix by VPX interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix has a known interaction with 391 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix contains a single active ingredient, and that one ingredient can interact with many different medications on its own. We check it against each medication and show the mechanism responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm already on thyroid medication?
Not without checking first. L-Tyrosine and Iodine can both have additive effects with thyroid hormone replacement, meaning they may strengthen its action — that's a Moderate interaction. Kelp's iodine content poses the same risk. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before adding this product to your thyroid regimen.
Is this safe during pregnancy?
No. L-Tyrosine has insufficient safety data in pregnancy. Iodine from this product could exceed safe amounts during pregnancy and harm the fetal thyroid. Kelp is best avoided in pregnancy due to high and variable iodine content. Diiodothyronine is a thyroid-active compound and is unsafe in pregnancy. Talk with your doctor before considering this product if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
Can I breastfeed while taking this?
No. L-Tyrosine has insufficient safety data while breastfeeding. Iodine and Kelp — which contains high amounts of iodine — pass into breast milk and can affect your infant's thyroid. Diiodothyronine should be avoided while breastfeeding. Speak with your doctor or pharmacist for guidance.
What are the most common side effects?
L-Tyrosine most often causes fatigue, headache, heartburn, and nausea. Selenium commonly causes stomach upset, headache, and rash. Iodine can cause nausea, stomach upset, and metallic taste. At normal doses these are generally mild, but high doses increase the risk of more serious effects.
Does this product contain iodine from just one ingredient?
No. Both the Iodine ingredient and Kelp (which is seaweed) contain iodine. Kelp can contain very high amounts — up to 1,000 mcg per supplement — so the total iodine load from this product may be higher than you expect. If you have thyroid conditions, this matters.
Is kelp safe to take long-term?
Kelp's safety depends on the formulation. Iodine-reduced kelp is generally well tolerated, but other forms may contain excess iodine or arsenic — a heavy metal that concentrates in seaweed and has caused poisoning with long-term use. Because formulations vary, talk with your doctor about whether this ingredient is right for your situation.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Iodine

Interacts with 7 drugs

Iodine is an essential mineral your body needs to make thyroid hormones, and most people get enough from iodized salt, dairy, and seafood. Supplements help when you are truly deficient, but...

Read the full Iodine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tyrosine

Interacts with 21 drugs

L-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some studies suggest it may help mental performance during short-term stress, sleep loss,...

Read the full Tyrosine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Selenium

Interacts with 321 drugs

Selenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Most people who eat a varied diet get enough, and supple...

Read the full Selenium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Laminaria

Interacts with 69 drugs

Laminaria is a type of brown seaweed (kelp) that is very rich in iodine and is also used in medical settings as a natural cervical dilator. Because its iodine content can be high and variabl...

Read the full Laminaria monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Diiodothyronine

Diiodothyronine (T2) is a thyroid hormone metabolite sold as a fat-loss and metabolism supplement, mostly in the bodybuilding world. Human evidence for its safety and effectiveness is very l...

Read the full Diiodothyronine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Thyrovex Thyroid Support Matrix's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 78 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Tyrosine 4 references
  1. Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD, et al. Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Amer Geriat Soc 1977;25:289-98.
  2. DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al; eds. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
  3. Wood DR, Reimherr FW, Wender PH. Amino acid precursors for the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type. Psychopharmacol Bull 1985;21:146-9.
  4. van Spronsen FJ, van Rijn M, Bekhof J. Phenylketonuria: tyrosine supplementation in phenylalanine-restricted diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:153-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Tyrosine monograph →

Iodine 26 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Goodman GA, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed.
  3. Ghent WR, Eskin BA, Low DA, Hill LP. Iodine replacement in fibrocystic disease of the breast. Can J Surg 1993;36:453-60.
  4. Potassium iodide for nuclear exposure. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2001;17(12):171214.
  5. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  6. Cabezas C, Bustamante B, Holgado W, Begue RE. Treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis with one daily dose of potassium iodide. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996;15:352-4. PubMed
  7. Sterling JB, Heymann WR. Potassium iodide in dermatology: a 19th century drug for the 21st century-uses, pharmacology, adverse effects, and contraindications. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:691-7. PubMed
  8. Yarrington CD, Pearce EN. Dietary iodine in pregnancy and postpartum. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2011;54:459-70. PubMed
  9. Goel, S., Mandhani, A., Srivastava, A., Kapoor, R., Gogoi, S., Kumar, A., and Bhandari, M. Is povidone iodine an alternative to silver nitrate for renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy in chyluria? BJU.Int 2004;94(7):1082-1085. PubMed
  10. Teng, W., Shan, Z., Teng, X., Guan, H., Li, Y., Teng, D., Jin, Y., Yu, X., Fan, C., Chong, W., Yang, F., Dai, H., Yu, Y., Li, J., Chen, Y., Zhao, D., Shi, X., Hu, F., Mao, J., Gu, X., Yang, R., Tong, Y., Wang, W., Gao, T., and Li, C. Effect of iodine int
  11. Crawford, B. A., Cowell, C. T., Emder, P. J., Learoyd, D. L., Chua, E. L., Sinn, J., and Jack, M. M. Iodine toxicity from soy milk and seaweed ingestion is associated with serious thyroid dysfunction. Med J Aust. 10-4-2010;193(7):413-415. PubMed
  12. Ohkuma, M. Molluscum contagiosum treated with iodine solution and salicylic acid plaster. Int J Dermatol. 1990;29(6):443-445. PubMed
  13. Connelly KJ, Boston BA, Pearce EN, Sesser D, Snyder D, Braverman LE, Pino S, LaFranchi SH. Congenital hypothyroidism caused by excess prenatal maternal iodine ingestion. J Pediatr. 2012 Oct;161(4):760-2. PubMed
  14. Kasahara T, Narumi S, Okasora K, Takaya R, Tamai H, Hasegawa T. Delayed onset congenital hypothyroidism in a patient with DUOX2 mutations and maternal iodine excess. Am J Med Genet A. 2013 Jan;161A(1):214-7.
  15. Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Iñiguez C, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Estarlich M, Plaza B, Barona-Vilar C, Espada M, Vioque J, Ballester F. Effect of iodine supplementation during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment at 1 year of age. Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Apr 1;173(7):8 PubMed
  16. Sang Z, Wang PP, Yao Z, Shen J, Halfyard B, Tan L, Zhao N, Wu Y, Gao S, Tan J, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhang W. Exploration of the safe upper level of iodine intake in euthyroid Chinese adults: a randomized double-blind trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Feb;95(2):367-73 PubMed
  17. Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, Wierckx K, Delanghe JR, Kaufman JM. Value and pitfalls in iodine fortification and supplementation in the 21st century. Br J Nutr. 2011 Oct;106(7):964-73. PubMed
  18. Yun SE, Kang Y, Bae EJ, Hwang K, Jang HN, Cho HS, Chang SH, Park DJ. Iodine-induced thyrotoxic hypokalemic paralysis after ingestion of Salicornia herbace. Ren Fail. 2014 Apr;36(3):461-3.
  19. Iodine Hypersensitivity. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2011; 27(5):270504.
  20. Hammel JA, Selby JC. Pustular eruption in a patient with cancer treated with complementary and alternative medicine. JAMA Dermatology 2017 October; E1. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.3749. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  21. Gil GS, Smith BW, Guerra JR, Williams WT. Acute Delirium in a Hypothyroid Patient Precipitated by Iodine Supplements Use. Am J Ther. 2018;25(6):e717-e718. PubMed
  22. Hamby T, Kunnel N, Dallas JS, Wilson DP. Maternal iodine excess: an uncommon cause of acquired neonatal hypothyroidism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2018;31(9):1061-1064. PubMed
  23. Censi S, Watutantrige-Fernando S, Groccia G, et al. The Effects of Iodine Supplementation in Pregnancy on Iodine Status, Thyroglobulin Levels and Thyroid Function Parameters: Results from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in a Mild-to-Moderate Iodine
  24. Rovner MS, Wolf BJ, Rubin M, et al. Instillation of 5% Povidone-Iodine Ophthalmic Drops Decreases the Respiratory Rate in Children Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2019;56(6):378-382. PubMed
  25. Guenezan J, Garcia M, Strasters D, et al. Povidone Iodine Mouthwash, Gargle, and Nasal Spray to Reduce Nasopharyngeal Viral Load in Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;147(4):400-401. PubMed
  26. Li F, Wan S, Zhang L, et al. A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Iodine Excess on the Intellectual Development of Children in Areas with High Iodine Levels in their Drinking Water. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022;200(4):1580-1590. PubMed

See these in context on the Iodine monograph →

Selenium 36 references
  1. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069351/html/.
  2. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
  3. Trafikowska U, Zachara BA, Wiacek M, et al. Selenium supply and glutathione peroxidase activity in breastfed Polish infants. Acta Paediatr 1996;85:1143-5. PubMed
  4. Duffield-Lillico AJ, Slate EH, Reid ME, et al. Selenium supplementation and secondary prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1477-81.. PubMed
  5. Cheung MC, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Antioxidant supplements block the response of HDL to simvastatin-niacin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and low HDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1320-6. PubMed
  6. Schiavon R, Freeman GE, Guidi GC, et al. Selenium enhances prostacyclin production by cultured endothelial cells: possible explanation for increased bleeding times in volunteers taking selenium as a dietary supplement. Thromb Res 1984;34:389-96. PubMed
  7. Davila JC, Edds GT, Osuna O, Simpson CF. Modification of the effects of aflatoxin B1 and warfarin in young pigs given selenium. Am J Vet Res 1983;44:1877-83. DOI
  8. Heese HD, Lawrence MA, Dempster WS, Pocock F. Reference concentrations of serum selenium and manganese in healthy nulliparas. S Afr Med J 1988;73:163-5.
  9. Lloyd B, Lloyd RS, Clayton BE. Effect of smoking, alcohol and other factors on the selenium status of a healthy population. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1983;37:213-7. PubMed
  10. Capel ID, Jenner M, Williams DC, et al. The effect of prolonged oral contraceptive steroid use on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. J Steroid Biochem 1981;14:729-32. PubMed
  11. Contempre B, Dumont JE, Ngo B, et al. Effect of selenium supplementation in hypothyroid subjects of an iodine and selenium deficient area: the possible danger of indiscriminate supplementation of iodine-deficient subjects with selenium. J Clin Endocrinol PubMed
  12. Hofbauer LC, Spitzweg C, Magerstadt RA, Heufelder AE. Selenium-induced thyroid dysfunction. Postgrad Med J 1997;73:103-4. PubMed
  13. Debski B, Milner JA. Dietary selenium supplementation prolongs pentobarbital induced hypnosis. J Nutr Biochem 2004;15:548-53. PubMed
  14. Ishikawa M, Sasaki M, Koiwai K, et al. Inhibition of hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzymes in mice by acute and chronic treatment with selenium. J Pharmacobiodyn 1992;15:377-85. PubMed
  15. Lippmann SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, et al. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial (SELECT). JAMA 2009;301:39-51. DOI
  16. Reid SM, Middleton P, Cossich MC, Crowther CA. Interventions for clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(7):CD007752. PubMed
  17. Vinceti, M., Wei, E. T., Malagoli, C., Bergomi, M., and Vivoli, G. Adverse health effects of selenium in humans. Rev.Environ.Health 2001;16(4):233-251. PubMed
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See these in context on the Selenium monograph →

Laminaria 9 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
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See these in context on the Laminaria monograph →

Diiodothyronine 3 references
  1. Thyroid Hormone — MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Source
  2. Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source
  3. Using Dietary Supplements Wisely — NIH NCCIH Source

See these in context on the Diiodothyronine monograph →

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