Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Tianaa Red Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Tianaa Red

Tianaa Red label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Tianaa Red against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Tianaa Red is a dietary supplement by Tianaa Red with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for depression (prescription use in some countries), anxiety, mood enhancement.Based on those ingredients, 1,353 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Piper methysticum, Tianeptine, Combretum quadrangulare. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Tianaa Red by Tianaa Red

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Tianaa Red by Tianaa Red — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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Computed from our clinical databases

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Tianaa Red by Tianaa Red

Four independent checks of what is known — a summary of the available information, not a grade of the product itself.

Evidence for Intended Use
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

The stated purpose hasn't been mapped to our evidence data yet.

Why this rating?
  • We haven't mapped this product's purpose to our evidence data yet — it'll be graded on the next content refresh.
Ingredient Transparency
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (531 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
Known Interaction Concern
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Combretum Micranthum, Kava, Tianeptine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,354 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.
Safety Information
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

HelloPharmacist summaryFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 23, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Tianaa Red, straight from the product label.

Brand Tianaa Red
Net contents 15 Capsule(s)
Market status Off market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 23, 2020
DSLD ID 232651
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Tianaa Red by Tianaa Red, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
15
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend531 mg--
Tianeptine0 NP--
Piper methysticum0 NP--
Combretum quadrangulare0 NP--

Other ingredients: Vegetable Capsules, Vegetable Stearate, Calcium Silicate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Contains natural products

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

Warning Keep out of reach of children

Storage

Storage: Keep in a cool dry place

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Tianaa Red by Tianaa Red label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Tianaa Red label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Tianaa Red by Tianaa Red

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container15 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

531 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Capsules, Vegetable Stearate, Calcium Silicate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Tianaa Red by Tianaa Red Drug Interactions

Tianaa Red contains 3 ingredients, and 3 of them have known drug interactions. Altogether they interact with 1,353 medications. Here’s the picture, then you can look up your own drug.

Want to check YOUR meds against Tianaa Red?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,353Drugs
256 Major 794 Moderate 303 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Piper methysticum 1,166
Tianeptine 277
Combretum quadrangulare 265

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Tianaa Red interact with 1,353 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in Tianaa Red interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Piper methysticum Tianeptine Combretum quadrangulare

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Tianaa Red with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Piper methysticum12 drug types · 1,166 drugs

Cns Depressants

Combining kava with CNS depressants can have additive sedative effects.
Kava has CNS depressant effects. Concomitant use of kava with other CNS depressants can increase the risk of drowsiness and motor reflex depression. Clinical practice guidelines from a joint taskforce of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) recommend that CNS depressants, including alcohol and benzodiazepines, not be used with kava.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Alcohol (Ethanol)

Combining kava with alcohol may increase the risk of sedation and/or hepatotoxicity.

Kava has CNS depressant effects. Concomitant use of kava with other CNS depressants can increase the risk of drowsiness and motor reflex depression. Additionally, kava has been associated with over 100 cases of hepatotoxicity. There is some concern that kava can adversely affect the liver, especially when used in combination with hepatotoxic drugs. Clinical practice guidelines from a joint taskforce of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) recommend that alcohol not be used with kava.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, kava might increase levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that kava significantly inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes. This effect has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, kava might increase levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that kava significantly inhibits CYP2C9 enzymes. This effect has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Kava might increase levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
In a clinical study in healthy volunteers, taking kava 1000 mg twice daily (containing a daily dose of 138 mg kavalactones) for 28 days inhibited the metabolism of CYP2E1 substrates.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Haloperidol (Haldol)

Combining kava and haloperidol might increase the risk of cardiovascular adverse effects and hypoxia.
Atrial flutter and hypoxia has been reported for a patient who received intramuscular injections of haloperidol and lorazepam after using kava orally. The side effects were attributed to kava-induced inhibition of CYP2D6, but might also have been related to additive adverse effects with the concomitant use of haloperidol, lorazepam, and kava.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, using kava with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Kava has been linked with over 100 cases of hepatotoxicity. Most cases occur with excessive and prolonged use. There is some concern that kava can adversely affect the liver, especially when used in combination with hepatotoxic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

It is unclear if kava inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp); research is conflicting.
In vitro research shows that kava can inhibit P-gp efflux. However, a clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking kava standardized to provide 225 mg kavalactones daily for 14 days does not affect the pharmacokinetics of digoxin, a P-gp substrate. It is possible that the use of other P-gp substrates or higher doses of kava might still inhibit P-gp.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ropinirole (Requip)

Taking kava with ropinirole might increase the risk for dopaminergic toxicity.
A case of visual hallucinations and paranoid delusions has been reported for a patient who used kava in combination with ropinirole. The adverse effects were attributed to kava-induced inhibition of CYP1A2, which may have reduced the metabolism of ropinirole, resulting in excessive dopaminergic stimulation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

It is unclear if kava inhibits CYP1A2; research is conflicting.
Although in vitro research and a case report suggest that kava inhibits CYP1A2, more robust clinical evidence shows that kava has no effect on CYP1A2. In a clinical study in healthy volunteers, taking kava 1000 mg twice daily (containing a daily dose of 138 mg kavalactones) for 28 days had no effect on CYP1A2 activity.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

It is unclear if kava inhibits CYP1A2; research is conflicting.
In vitro research shows that kava extract significantly inhibits CYP2D6. However, clinical research shows that kava does not affect the metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

It is unclear if kava inhibits CYP3AA; research is conflicting.
Although in vitro research suggests that kava inhibits CYP3A4, more robust clinical evidence shows that kava has no effect on CYP3A4. In a clinical study in healthy volunteers, taking kava 1000 mg twice daily (containing a daily dose of 138 mg kavalactones) for 28 days had no effect on CYP3A4 activity.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Piper methysticum full monograph & interactions

Tianeptine4 drug types · 277 drugs

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Tianeptine may increase the toxicity of MAOIs.
Concomitant use of tianeptine and non-selective MAOIs might increase the risk of cardiovascular collapse, hypertension, fever, convulsions, and death.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Alcohol (Ethanol)

Alcohol increases the clearance and might reduce the levels and clinical effects of tianeptine.
Clinical research shows that alcohol decreases tianeptine absorption rate and lowers tianeptine plasma levels by about 30%. Furthermore, an analysis of alcohol blood levels in 112 patients suggests that alcohol use disorder is associated with a 124% increase in clearance of tianeptine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aspirin

Chronic use of aspirin might increase the levels and clinical effects of tianeptine.
Aspirin is converted to salicylic acid in the body. In vitro research shows that salicylic acid binds to the same protein sites as tianeptine, displacing protein-bound tianeptine and leading to higher levels of tianeptine in the blood.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Tianeptine has sedative effects; high doses may have additive effects with other CNS depressants.
Higher doses of tianeptine have opioid like effects and may have additive effects with other sedative drugs. In one case report, a 42-year-old male presented with respiratory depression and aspiration pneumonia due to concomitant use of high-dose tianeptine and alprazolam.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tianeptine full monograph & interactions

Combretum quadrangulare3 drug types · 265 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking Combretum micranthum leaf with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some preliminary human and animal research suggests that Combretum micranthum leaf has hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking Combretum micranthum leaf with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research suggests that Combretum micranthum leaf reduces blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Combretum micranthum leaf with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hyponatremia.
Combretum micranthum leaf has shown natriuretic effects in preliminary clinical research.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Combretum quadrangulare full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Tianaa Red, from the product label.

Tianaa Red

See all Tianaa Red products
Name
MT Lotz, LLC
Street Address
912 SE 46th LN #204
City
Cape Coral
State
FL
ZipCode
33904
Phone Number
(888) 254-0924
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Tianaa Red by Tianaa Red: Common Questions

Does Tianaa Red by Tianaa Red interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Tianaa Red has a known interaction with 1,353 medications, including 256 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Tianaa Red contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Tianaa Red is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Tianaa Red label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Tianaa Red’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Tianeptine

Interacts with 277 drugs

Tianeptine is a prescription antidepressant in some countries, but it is NOT approved by the FDA in the United States and is illegally sold in dietary supplements and 'gas station' products....

Read the full Tianeptine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Kava

Interacts with 1,166 drugs

Kava is a Pacific Island plant traditionally used to promote relaxation and ease anxiety, and some studies suggest it may help mild anxiety. However, kava has been linked to rare but serious...

Read the full Kava monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Combretum Micranthum

Interacts with 265 drugs

Combretum micranthum (kinkeliba) is a West African shrub whose leaves are brewed into a traditional tea for digestion, liver complaints, and fever. Solid human studies are lacking, so its be...

Read the full Combretum Micranthum monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Tianaa Red's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 93 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Tianeptine 18 references
  1. Bence C, Bonord A, Rebillard C, et al. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Following Tianeptine Dependence During Pregnancy. Pediatrics. 2016;137(1). PubMed
  2. El Zahran T, Schier J, Glidden E, et al. Characteristics of Tianeptine Exposures Reported to the National Poison Data System - United States, 2000-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(30):815-818. PubMed
  3. Goodnough R, Li K, Fouladkou F, et al. Notes from the Field: Toxic Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Tianeptine Misuse - California, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(27):769-770.
  4. Grasela TH, Fiedler-Kelly JB, Salvadori C, Marey C, Jochemsen R. Development of a population pharmacokinetic database for tianeptine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;45(2):173-9. PubMed
  5. Guelfi JD, Dulcire C, Le Moine P, Tafani A. Clinical safety and efficacy of tianeptine in 1,858 depressed patients treated in general practice. Neuropsychobiology. 1992;25(3):140-8. PubMed
  6. Lauhan R, Hsu A, Alam A, Beizai K. Tianeptine Abuse and Dependence: Case Report and Literature Review. Psychosomatics. 2018;59(6):547-553. PubMed
  7. Le Bricquir Y, Larrey D, Blanc P, Pageaux GP, Michel H. Tianeptine--an instance of drug-induced hepatotoxicity predicted by prospective experimental studies. J Hepatol. 1994;21(5):771-3. PubMed
  8. Lucaj S, Leo RJ. Tianeptine Sodium: A Nootropic With Potentially Lethal Consequences. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2018;20(4).
  9. Salvadori C, Ward C, Defrance R, Hopkins R. The pharmacokinetics of the antidepressant tianeptine and its main metabolite in healthy humans--influence of alcohol co-administration. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1990;4(1):115-25. PubMed
  10. Samuels BA, Nautiyal KM, Kruegel AC, et al. The Behavioral Effects of the Antidepressant Tianeptine Require the Mu-Opioid Receptor. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42(10):2052-2063. PubMed
  11. Voican CS, Corruble E, Naveau S, Perlemuter G. Antidepressant-induced liver injury: a review for clinicians. Am J Psychiatry. 2014;171(4):404-15. PubMed
  12. Zini R, Morin D, Salvadori C, Tillement JP. The influence of various drugs on the binding of tianeptine to human plasma proteins. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1991;29(2):64-6.
  13. Summary of Product Characteristics Stablo: Tianeptine. 2008. Available at: https://www.servier.com.ve/sites/default/files/spc-pil/spc-stablon.pdf
  14. Rushton W, Whitworth B, Brown J, Kurz M, Rivera J. Characteristics of tianeptine effects reported to a poison control center: a growing threat to public health. J. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2021;59(2):152-7. PubMed
  15. García-Alberca JM, Gris E, de la Guía P, Mendoza S. Effects of Tianeptine Treatment on Depression and Cognitive Function in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A 12-Month Retrospective Observational Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022;88(2):707-720. PubMed
  16. AQuadir M, Rine NI, Badeti J, et al. Tianeptine Exposures Reported to United States Poison Centers, 2015-2023. J Med Toxicol 2025;21(1):30-41. PubMed
  17. Hershey HL, Onyango EM, Durst K, Korona-Bailey J, Mukhopadhyay S. Tianeptine-involved emergency department visits, fatal overdoses, and substance seizures in Tennessee, 2021-2023. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2024;12:100272. PubMed
  18. Ikeri K, Anderson A, Eyal F, Whitehurst R. Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome Following Prenatal Use of Supplements Containing Tianeptine. Pediatrics 2024;153(2):e2023062382. PubMed

See these in context on the Tianeptine monograph →

Kava 71 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Strahl S, Ehret V, Dahm HH, Maier KP. [Necrotizing hepatitis after taking herbal medication]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1998;123:1410-4.
  3. Spillane PK, et al. Neurological manifestations of kava intoxication. Med J Aust 1997;167:172-3. PubMed
  4. Swensen JN. Man convicted of driving under the influence of kava. Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret News, 1996.
  5. Pittler MH, Ernst E. Efficacy of kava extract for treating anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;20:84-9. PubMed
  6. Volz HP, Kieser M. Kava-kava extract WS 1490 versus placebo in anxiety disorders--a randomized placebo-controlled 25-week outpatient trial. Pharmacopsychiatry 1997;30:1-5. PubMed
  7. Heinze HJ, Munthe TF, Steitz J, Matzke M. Pharmacopsychological effects of oxazepam and kava-extract in a visual search paradigm assessed with event-related potentials. Pharmacopsychiatry 1994;27:224-30. PubMed
  8. Munte TF, Heinze HJ, Matzke M, Steitz J. Effects of oxazepam and an extract of kava roots (Piper methysticum) on event-related potentials in a word recognition task. Neuropsychobiology 1993;27:46-53.
  9. Wheatley D. Stress-induced insomnia treated with kava and valerian: singly and in combination. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001;16:353-6. PubMed
  10. Schelosky L, Raffaup C, Jendroska K, Poewe W. Kava and dopamine antagonism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;58:639-40. PubMed
  11. Norton SA, Ruze P. Kava dermopathy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:89-97.
  12. Pizzorno JE, Murray MT, eds. Textbook of Natural Medicine. 2nd ed. Edinburgh:Churchill Livingstone, 1999.
  13. Mathews JD, Riley MD, Fejo L, et al. Effects of heavy usage of kava on physical health: Summary of a pilot survey in an aboriginal community. Med J Aust 1988;148:548-55.
  14. Escher M, Desmeules J, Giostra E, Mentha G. Hepatitis associated with Kava, a herbal remedy for anxiety. BMJ 2001;322:139.
  15. Russmann S, Lauterburg BH, Helbling A. Kava hepatotoxicity [letter]. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:68-9.
  16. Liver Toxicity With Kava. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. January 2001.
  17. Consultation letter MLX 286: Proposals to prohibit the herbal ingredient Kava-Kava (Piper methysticum) in unlicensed medicines. Medicines Control Agency, United Kingdom, July 19, 2002.
  18. Meseguer E, Taboada R, Sanchez V, et al. Life-threatening parkinsonism induced by kava-kava. Mov Disord 2002;17:195-6. PubMed
  19. Ruze P. Kava-induced dermopathy: a niacin deficiency? Lancet 1990;335:1442-5. PubMed
  20. Singh YN. Kava: an overview. J Ethnopharmacol 1992;37:13-45.
  21. Bilia AR, Gallori S, Vincieri FF. Kava-kava and anxiety: growing knowledge about the efficacy and safety. Life Sci 2002;70:2581-97. PubMed
  22. Wooltorton E. Herbal kava: reports of liver toxicity. CMAJ 2002;166:777.
  23. Mathews JM, Etheridge AS, Black SR. Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 activities by kava extract and kavalactones. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:1153-7. PubMed
  24. Logan JL, Ahmed J. Critical hypokalemic renal tubular acidosis due to Sjogren's syndrome: association with the purported immune stimulant echinacea. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:158-9.
  25. Teschke R, Gaus W, Loew D. Kava extracts: safety and risks including rare hepatotoxicity. Phytomedicine 2003;10:440-6. PubMed
  26. Schmidt P, Boehncke WH. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to kava-kava extract. Contact Dermatitis 2000;42:363-4.
  27. Schulze J, Raasch W, Siegers CP. Toxicity of kava pyrones, drug safety and precautions--a case study. Phytomedicine 2003;10:68-73.. PubMed
  28. Pittler MH, Ernst E. Kava extract for treating anxiety. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(1):CD003383.
  29. Cairney S, Maruff P, Clough AR, et al. Saccade and cognitive impairment associated with kava intoxication. Hum Psychopharmacol 2003;18:525-33. PubMed
  30. Moulds RF, Malani J. Kava: herbal panacea or liver poison? Med J Aust 2003;178:451-3. PubMed
  31. Gow PJ, Connelly NJ, Hill RL, et al. Fatal fulminant hepatic failure induced by a natural therapy containing kava. Med J Aust 2003;178:442-3. PubMed
  32. Unger M, Frank A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;1 PubMed
  33. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5 phenotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;77:415-26. PubMed
  34. Weiss J, Sauer A, Frank A, Unger M. Extracts and kavalactones of Piper methysticum G. Forst (kava-kava) inhibit P-glycoprotein in vitro. Drug Metab Dispos 2005;33:1580-3. PubMed
  35. Gurley BJ, Swain A, Barone GW, et al. Effect of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) and kava kava (Piper methysticum) supplementation on digoxin pharmacokinetics in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2007;35:240-5. PubMed
  36. Gurley BJ, Swain A, Hubbard MA, et al. Clinical assessement of CYP2D6-mediated herb-drug interactions in humans: Effects of milk-thistle, black cohosh, goldenseal, kava kava, St. John's wort, and Echinacea. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008;52:755-63.
  37. Li XZ, Ramzan I. Role of ethanol in kava hepatotoxicity. Phytother Res 2010;24:475-80. PubMed
  38. Bodkin R, Schneider S, Rekkerth D, et al. Rhabdomyolysis associated with kava ingestion. Am J Emerg Med 2012;30:635.el-3. PubMed
  39. Donadio V, Bonsi P, Zele I, et al. Myoglobinuria after ingestion of extracts of guarana, Ginkgo biloba and kava. Ginkgo biloba and kava. Neurol Sci 2000;21:124. PubMed
  40. Sarris J, Kavanagh DJ, Byrne G, et al. The Kava Anxiety Depression Spectrum Study (KADSS): a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial using an aqueous extract of Piper methysticum. Psychopharmacology 2009;205:399-407. PubMed
  41. Hannam S, Murray M, Romani L, Tuicakau M, J Whitfeld M. Kava dermopathy in Fiji: an acquired ichthyosis? Int J Dermatol 2014;53(12):1490-4. PubMed
  42. Huynh JC, Asgari MM, Moore MM. Sebotropic eruption associated with use of oral kava kava supplement. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014;39(7):816-8. PubMed
  43. Teschke R, Sarris J, Schweitzer I. Kava hepatotoxicity in traditional and modern use: the presumed Pacific kava paradox hypothesis revisited. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012;73(2):170-4. PubMed
  44. Scherer, J. Kava-kava extract in anxiety disorders: an outpatient observational study. Adv.Ther. 1998;15(4):261-269.
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  46. Schmidt, M. Are kavalactones the hepatotoxic principle of kava extracts? The pitfalls of the glutathione theory. J Altern Complement Med 2003;9(2):183-187. PubMed
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See these in context on the Kava monograph →

Combretum Micranthum 4 references
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See these in context on the Combretum Micranthum monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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