Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More

Medically reviewed by ·Updated July 2026
What is this page for?

First and foremost: how Sodium interacts with medications. The heart of this page is the interaction list — every drug Sodium is known to interact with, and how serious each one is.

But these pages have grown well beyond that into a full monograph — what Sodium is, what people use it for and how strong the evidence is, its safety and side effects, and answers to the questions we’re asked most — written and reviewed by the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases, not medical advice, and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

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Sodium Drug Interactions: The Bottom Line

From the HelloPharmacist Editorial Team · Updated July 2026

Based on the available evidence, Sodium drug interactions carry a moderate overall risk, and how much sodium you take in matters more than the mineral itself. None of the listed interactions are rated major, but all of them are moderate, so the profile deserves respect without alarm.

Interactions deserving the most attention

The best-documented concern is lithium, where human evidence shows that changing sodium intake can shift lithium levels, and cutting back on sodium can push levels toward toxicity. Strong evidence also links high sodium intake to reduced control from blood pressure medications, since extra sodium can raise blood pressure and work against them. People taking tolvaptan or didanosine should also be careful, because added sodium with these drugs may raise blood sodium too high. Corticosteroids can cause sodium retention, though that evidence is weaker.

What the rest of the list means

The long list of moderate interactions can look worrying, but most entries reflect the same basic idea: many medications already contain sodium, and stacking extra sodium on top could, in theory, raise blood sodium or add to long-term salt-related risks. For many of these, the concern is dose-related and largely theoretical rather than proven harm in people. Keeping sodium intake steady and sensible addresses most of what this list describes.

Check your medications against Sodium

Based on HelloPharmacist’s Sodium interaction data and reviewed under our editorial standards.

Interaction report

Drugs that interact with Sodium

205 medications have a known interaction with Sodium, graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.

2,830 drugs
AcebutololRhotral, Sectral› AcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox› AliskirenTekturna› AmbrisentanLetairis, Volibris› AmilorideAmilamont, Midamor› Amiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic› AmlodipineNorliqva› Amlodipine BenzoateKaterzia› Amlodipine BesilateIstin› Amlodipine BesylateNorvasc› Amlodipine Besylate, BenazeprilLotrel› Amlodipine, CelecoxibConsensi› Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride› AprocitentanTryvio› AtenololAtenix, Tenormin› Atenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic› Atenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic› Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone PropionateDymista› AzilsartanEdarbi› Azilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor› Beclometasone DipropionateBecotide› BeclomethasoneBeclovent, Vanceril› Beclomethasone DipropionateQNASL, Qvar› BenazeprilLotensin› Benazepril, HydrochlorothiazideLotensin HCT› BendroflumethiazideAprinox, Naturetin, Neo-NaClex› Bendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide› Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia SerpentinaRauzide› BenzthiazideExna› BetamethasoneCelestone, Diprolene AF, Diprosone›
Read The List Like a Pharmacist

What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean

Severity — How Serious It Can Be

  • Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
  • Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
  • Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
  • No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.

Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented

  • Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
  • Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
  • Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.

Where This Data Comes From

  • Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
  • Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact Sodium combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
  • Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
The big picture

The kinds of drugs Sodium affects

Every type of medication (drug category) Sodium is known to interact with. Open any category for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

All 7 drug categories Sodium interacts with
Antihypertensive DrugsCorticosteroidsDidanosine (videx)LithiumSodium PhosphatesSodium-containing DrugsTolvaptan (samsca)
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Monograph

Sodium: Uses, Safety & Side Effects

Medically reviewed by · Reviewed July 2026 ·
The bottom line

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from food, so supplements are rarely needed except for specific medical reasons like dehydration or low blood sodium. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before deliberately adding sodium, especially if you have high blood pressure, heart, or kidney problems.

Part used
Mineral (dietary electrolyte)
Common forms
Table salt (sodium chloride), oral rehydration solutions, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride IV fluids, electrolyte sports drinks
People commonly use it for
  • Replacing fluids and electrolytes
  • Preventing dehydration during exercise or illness
  • Treating low blood sodium (under medical care)
  • Seasoning and food preservation
  • Antacid (as sodium bicarbonate)

Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.

Safety at a glance
OverallUse caution

Sodium is essential in small amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain.

PregnancyLikely Safe

When used orally and appropriately. Sodium is safe in amounts that do not exceed the CDRR intake level of 2.3 grams daily.

Read the full pregnancy detail
BreastfeedingLikely Safe

When used orally and appropriately. Sodium is safe in amounts that do not exceed the CDRR intake level of 2.3 grams daily.

Read the full breastfeeding detail

Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

Jump to a section

Overview

Sodium is an essential mineral and one of the body's key electrolytes. It is not an herb or a plant—it is a chemical element that the body needs to survive. Most people get sodium from salt (sodium chloride) in food, whether added during cooking or naturally found in many foods.

Your body uses sodium to help control the balance of water inside and outside your cells, to send nerve signals, and to help your muscles contract. Because sodium is so common in food, true deficiency is rare in healthy people eating a normal diet.

Sodium also comes in medical forms, such as oral rehydration salts, sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), and intravenous saline fluids used in hospitals.

How it works

Sodium is a positively charged particle (an ion) that works closely with potassium, chloride, and water. It is the main electrolyte in the fluid outside your cells.

By controlling how much water stays in and around your cells, sodium helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure. Your kidneys carefully adjust how much sodium they keep or release to keep things in balance.

Sodium also helps create the electrical signals that let your nerves fire and your muscles contract, including your heart. When sodium levels swing too high or too low, these systems can be disrupted.

Effectiveness

Does Sodium work?

Here’s what the research actually shows for each use — graded by Natural Medicines and reviewed by .

Evidence overview · 9 uses evaluated
1 Likely effective 1 Possibly effective 7 Insufficient evidence
How to read these evidence grades

Natural Medicines’ 7-point scale. We show each rating’s label word-for-word.

1EffectiveStrong, consistent evidence it works.
2Likely EffectiveGood evidence, though not yet conclusive.
3Possibly EffectiveSome evidence suggests a benefit.
4Possibly IneffectiveSome evidence it may not help.
5Likely IneffectiveFairly strong evidence it doesn’t help.
6IneffectiveStrong evidence it doesn’t work.
7Insufficient Reliable Evidence to RateToo little research to say either way.
Likely Effective Cystic fibrosis
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Long-term nebulized hypertonic sodium chloride improves lung function and reduces pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Possibly Effective Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral sodium chloride seems to prevent nephrotoxicity associated with use of amphotericin B.

Also studied for 7 conditions — evidence insufficient to rate
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Bipolar disorder
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral sodium is beneficial in preventing lithium level fluctuations in patients with bipolar disorder.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Canker sores
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there is interest in using topical sodium chloride for canker sores, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of sodium chloride for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral sodium is beneficial in patients with acute decompensated heart failure requiring decongestive therapy with diuretics.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Conjunctivitis
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there is interest in using ophthalmic sodium chloride for conjunctivitis, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of sodium chloride for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Hyponatremia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral sodium helps prevent medication-induced hyponatremia.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Pharyngitis
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there is interest in using topical sodium chloride for pharyngitis, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of sodium chloride for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Prematurity
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral sodium is beneficial for premature infants.

Source & disclaimer. Effectiveness ratings and evidence summaries are provided by Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) and shown as licensed. Where Natural Medicines hasn’t rated a use, HelloPharmacist’s pharmacists may add their own reviewed rating and evidence (each such entry is labeled). This is educational information, not medical advice — talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing a supplement.

Safety & precautions

For healthy people, sodium from a normal diet is safe and necessary. The bigger concern is usually getting too much rather than too little.

You should be especially cautious with added sodium if you have high blood pressure, heart failure, kidney disease, or liver disease, or if your doctor has told you to follow a low-salt diet. Extra sodium can cause fluid buildup and worsen these conditions.

Pregnancy: Normal dietary sodium is part of a healthy diet, but you should not take sodium supplements or eat very high amounts of salt without medical advice, especially if you have high blood pressure or swelling.

Breastfeeding: Usual amounts of dietary sodium are fine. Avoid excessive salt and check with your doctor before using any sodium supplement.

Never take large amounts of salt, sodium bicarbonate, or saltwater as a home remedy, as this can be dangerous. Always talk to a pharmacist or doctor first.

Side effects

Too much sodium can cause increased thirst, fluid retention and swelling (especially in the ankles and legs), bloating, and raised blood pressure. Over the long term, high sodium intake is linked to a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems.

Taking sodium bicarbonate can cause gas, burping, and stomach upset.

Rarely, a sudden large intake of salt—or a rapid change in blood sodium during treatment—can be very serious and even life-threatening. This is why correcting abnormal sodium levels should always be done by medical professionals.

Sodium: Reported Adverse Effects

Documented safety reports on Sodium from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.

Orally, sodium is well tolerated when used in moderation at intakes up to the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level. Topically, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.

Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):

Orally: Worsened cardiovascular disease, hypertension, kidney disease.

Reports by condition
Bone loss Musculoskeletal

Observational research has found that low sodium levels can increase the risk for osteoporosis. One study has found that low plasma sodium levels are associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis. Low levels, which are typically caused by certain disease states or chronic medications, are associated with a more than 2-fold increased odds for osteoporosis and bone fractures.

Conversely, in healthy males on forced bed rest, a high intake of sodium chloride (7.7 mEq/kg daily) seems to exacerbate disuse-induced bone and muscle loss.

  1. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378.
  2. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542.
  3. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524.
Cancer Oncologic

Population research has found that high or moderately high intake of sodium chloride is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer when compared with low sodium chloride intake. Other population research in patients with gastric cancer has found that a high intake of sodium is associated with an approximate 65% increased risk of gastric cancer mortality when compared with a low intake. When zinc intake is taken into consideration, the increased risk of mortality only occurred in those with low zinc intake, but the risk was increased to approximately 2-fold in this sub-population.

  1. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98.
  2. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508.
Cancer Gastrointestinal

In one case report, severe gastritis and a deep antral ulcer occurred in a patient who consumed 16 grams of sodium chloride in one sitting. Chronic use of high to moderately high amounts of sodium chloride has been associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer.

  1. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500.
  2. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) Cardiovascular

Orally, intake of sodium above the CDRR intake level can exacerbate hypertension and hypertension-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). A meta-analysis of observational research has found a linear association between increased sodium intake and increased hypertension risk. Observational research has also found an association between increased sodium salt intake and increased risk of CVD, mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. However, the existing research is unable to confirm a causal relationship between sodium intake and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; high-quality, prospective research is needed to clarify this relationship. As there is no known benefit with increased salt intake that would outweigh the potential increased risk of CVD, advise patients to limit salt intake to no more than the CDRR intake level.

A reduction in sodium intake can lower systolic blood pressure by a small amount in most individuals, and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension. However, post hoc analysis of a small crossover clinical study in White patients suggests that 24-hour blood pressure variability is not affected by high-salt intake compared with low-salt intake. Additionally, the available research is insufficient to confirm that a further reduction in sodium intake below the CDRR intake level will lower the risk for chronic disease. A meta-analysis of clinical research shows that reducing sodium intake increases levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, but not low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, by a small amount.

It is unclear whether there are safety concerns when sodium is consumed in amounts lower than the adequate intake (AI) levels. Some observational research has found that the lowest levels of sodium intake might be associated with increased risk of death and cardiovascular events. However, this finding has been criticized because some of the studies used inaccurate measures of sodium intake, such as the Kawasaki formula. Some observational research has found that sodium intake based on a single 24-hour urinary measurement is inversely correlated with all-cause mortality. The National Academies Consensus Study Report states that there is insufficient evidence from observational studies to conclude that there are harmful effects from low sodium intake.

  1. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925.
  2. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5.
  3. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  4. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135.
  5. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144.
  6. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9.
  7. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617.
  8. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75.
  9. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23.
  10. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704.
  11. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263.
  12. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493.
  13. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121.
  14. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701.
  15. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700.
  16. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022.
  17. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578.
  18. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795.
  19. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112.
Hypertension Pulmonary/Respiratory

In patients with hypertension, population research has found that sodium excretion is modestly and positively associated with having moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea. This association was not found in normotensive patients.

  1. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510.
Obesity Endocrine

Orally, a meta-analysis of observational research has found that higher sodium intake is associated with an average increase in body mass index (BMI) of 1.24 kg/m2 and an approximate 5 cm increase in waist circumference. It has been hypothesized that the increase in BMI is related to an increased thirst, resulting in an increased intake of sugary beverages and/or consumption of foods that are high in salt and also high in fat and energy. One large observational study has found that the highest sodium intake is not associated with overweight or obesity when compared to the lowest intake in adolescents aged 12-19 years when intake of energy and sugar-sweetened beverages are considered. However, in children aged 6-11 years, usual sodium intake is positively associated with increased weight and central obesity independently of the intake of energy and/or sugar-sweetened beverages.

  1. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277.
  2. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594.
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

Dosing

There is no single "supplement dose" of sodium for general health, and most people already consume more than they need. Public health authorities generally recommend limiting daily sodium intake rather than adding it.

Specific sodium products—such as oral rehydration salts, sodium bicarbonate, or IV fluids—have their own directions and should be used exactly as labeled or as your healthcare provider advises.

If you think you need extra sodium for any reason, such as endurance exercise or a medical condition, talk with your pharmacist or doctor before adding it. Do not invent your own salt regimen.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Sodium & Pregnancy

Likely Safe

When used orally and appropriately. Sodium is safe in amounts that do not exceed the CDRR intake level of 2.3 grams daily.

  1. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
Possibly Unsafe

When used orally in higher doses. Higher intake can cause hypertension. Also, both the highest and the lowest pre-pregnancy sodium quintile intakes are associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, and the delivery of small for gestational age (SGA) infants when compared to the middle intake quintile.

  1. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  2. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72.

Sodium & Breastfeeding

Likely Safe

When used orally and appropriately. Sodium is safe in amounts that do not exceed the CDRR intake level of 2.3 grams daily.

  1. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
Possibly Unsafe

When used orally in higher doses. Higher intake can cause hypertension. Also, both the highest and the lowest pre-pregnancy sodium quintile intakes are associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, and the delivery of small for gestational age (SGA) infants when compared to the middle intake quintile.

  1. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  2. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72.
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center

Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

References & further reading

The 38 references that drive our Sodium monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
Keep reading

This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Brand directory

Brands that make products with Sodium

2,357 brands in our database make a supplement containing Sodium.

Product directory

Supplement products with Sodium

27,853 products in our database contain Sodium. Open any to see its full ingredient list and every drug interaction we check.

#739 Colon Cleanse Formula 500 mg by Indiana Botanic Gardens Capsule 45 Capsule(s) View ingredients & interactions #NoFilter Collagen Peptides Unflavored by N by Nutrilite Powder 15 Sachet(s) · 7.14 Ounce(s) · 202.5 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions #NoFilter Natural Watermelon Passionfruit Flavor by N by Nutrilite Gummy Or Jelly 45 Gummy(ies) View ingredients & interactions #NoFilter Sleep by N by Nutrilite Gummy Or Jelly 60 Gummy(ies) View ingredients & interactions #Shatter SX-7 Black Onyx Fruit Punch Explosion by MuscleTech Powder 12.15 Oz(s) · 345 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions #Shatter SX-7 Watermelon Fusion by MuscleTech Powder 10.27 oz. · 291 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions #Shatter SX-7 Watermelon Fusion by MuscleTech Powder 6.12 oz. · 174 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions +Bone OsteoMatrix by Shaklee Other (e.g. Tea Bag) 120 Caplet(s) View ingredients & interactions +Cleanse 7-Day Healthy Cleanse by Shaklee Other (e.g. Tea Bag) 7 Daily Morning & Night Packet(s) View ingredients & interactions +Cleanse 7-Day Healthy Cleanse by Shaklee Other (e.g. Tea Bag) 7 Packet(s) View ingredients & interactions +Detox Liver DTX Complex by Shaklee Other (e.g. Tea Bag) 90 Caplet(s) View ingredients & interactions +Digestive Herb-Lax by Shaklee Tablet Or Pill 240 Tablet(s) View ingredients & interactions +Fiber Shaklee Fiber Plan Powder Unflavored by Shaklee Powder 10.6 Ounce(s) · 300 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions +Greens Alfalfa Complex by Shaklee Tablet Or Pill 700 Tablet(s) View ingredients & interactions +Greens Alfalfa Complex by Shaklee Tablet Or Pill 330 Tablet(s) View ingredients & interactions +Heart Cholesterol Reduction Complex by Shaklee Tablet Or Pill 120 Tablet(s) View ingredients & interactions +Heart Cholesterol Reduction Complex by Shaklee Tablet Or Pill 120 Tablet(s) View ingredients & interactions +Pain Relief Pain Relief Complex by Shaklee Other (e.g. Tea Bag) 90 Caplet(s) View ingredients & interactions +PlusShake Raw Chocolate by Greens+ Powder 1.5 lb · 677 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions +PlusShake Raw Vanilla by Greens+ Powder 1.5 lb · 661 Gram(s) View ingredients & interactions 1 Fl Oz Concentrate by Herbal Clean Liquid 1 Fluid Ounce(s) · 29.5 mL View ingredients & interactions 1 Fl Oz Concentrate by Total Eclipse Liquid 1 Fluid Ounce(s) View ingredients & interactions 1 Up Whey Chocolate & Peanut Butter Blast by 1 Up Nutrition Powder 2.06 lbs View ingredients & interactions 1 Up Whey Cinnamon French Toast by 1 Up Nutrition Powder 2.06 lbs View ingredients & interactions
Drug-induced depletion

Medications associated with Sodium depletion

116 medications in our licensed clinical database have been associated with lower Sodium levels. An association is not a guarantee — it is a talking point for your pharmacist.

See all medications that may deplete Sodium

Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Sodium: Common Questions

What is Sodium used for, and does it work?
People use Sodium for many reasons, but the evidence varies by use. According to the Natural Medicines database, there is at least some clinical evidence supporting Sodium for Cystic fibrosis and Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity. For most other uses it has been studied for, the evidence is currently insufficient to rate. See the graded list on this page, and always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Does Sodium interact with prescription medications?
Yes. We list 205 medications with a known interaction with Sodium. Use the checker above to see how Sodium interacts with a specific drug.
How are Sodium interactions rated?
Each interaction is graded major, moderate, or minor based on how clinically significant it is and the strength of the evidence behind it. Major interactions are the most serious and are best avoided, or used only under close professional supervision.
Is it safe to take Sodium with my medications?
It depends on the specific medication. Some combinations are fine, while others call for monitoring, timing changes, or should be avoided. Check your exact drug above and confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing anything.
Where does this Sodium interaction information come from?
Our interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database — an evidence-graded reference for vitamins, herbs, and supplements — and is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists, who may add clinical context.
Do I need a Sodium supplement?
Most people get plenty of Sodium from food and do not need a supplement. Extra Sodium is usually only needed in specific situations like heavy sweating, certain illnesses, or under a doctor's care.
Is too much Sodium bad for me?
Yes. Consistently high Sodium intake is linked to higher blood pressure and a greater risk of heart and kidney problems. Many people benefit from cutting back on salty foods.
Can I take salt or baking soda as a home remedy?
Taking large amounts of salt or Sodium bicarbonate at home can be dangerous and is not recommended. Talk to a pharmacist or doctor before using these for any health purpose.
Is Sodium safe during pregnancy?
Normal dietary Sodium is part of a healthy diet, but you should avoid high-salt intake and Sodium supplements unless your doctor advises otherwise, especially if you have high blood pressure or swelling.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Keep exploring

Products that contain Sodium

A rotating sample of real supplements in our database that list Sodium — open any to see its full ingredients and every drug interaction we check.

See all 27,853 products with Sodium →
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