Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 2 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Cholesterol Regulation Complex Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Shaklee

Cholesterol Regulation Complex label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Cholesterol Regulation Complex against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Cholesterol Regulation Complex is a dietary supplement by Shaklee with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 327 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are N-Acetylcysteine, Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Cholesterol Regulation Complex by Shaklee

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Cholesterol Regulation Complex by Shaklee — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Cholesterol Regulation Complex by Shaklee

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Cholesterol Regulation Complex contains three active ingredients. Sodium is an essential mineral that your body needs in small amounts to regulate fluid balance and nerve function.

N-acetylcysteine is a form of the amino acid cysteine that plays a role in supporting respiratory health and antioxidant defenses. The product also includes a hydrolyzed soy protein blend.

The tablet also contains two inactive ingredients — dicalcium phosphate and croscarmellose sodium — which are used as a filler and binder to hold the tablet together.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: helps retain normal cholesterol levels.
  • We looked for evidence on: Hyperlipidemia, Congestive heart failure, Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, Myocardial infarction (MI), Angina, HDL cholesterol — and 2 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: N-acetyl Cysteine (nac) is rated "Possibly Effective" for Angina (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: N-acetyl Cysteine (nac) is rated "Possibly Effective" for Hyperlipidemia, Myocardial infarction (MI).
  • Also on file: N-acetyl Cysteine (nac) is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

The data we hold covers effectiveness for sodium and N-acetylcysteine, but not for the soy protein blend in this product. Sodium is rated Likely Effective for cystic fibrosis and Possibly Effective for reducing kidney damage from amphotericin B, but evidence for cholesterol regulation itself isn't established in our data.

N-acetylcysteine is rated Effective for acetaminophen poisoning, atelectasis (a collapsed lung condition), bronchial diagnostic studies, and tracheostomy care, and Possibly Effective for bronchitis — again, not for cholesterol regulation specifically. We don't hold effectiveness information for this product's actual purpose, so talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether it's supported for your needs.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium N-acetyl Cysteine (nac)

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is generally well tolerated when you get it from normal diet, but too much — whether from supplements or very high food intake — is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney problems. N-acetylcysteine is generally well tolerated at typical doses; the most common side effects with oral use are diarrhea, dry mouth, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting.

High doses (more than 9 grams as a single dose or more than 30 grams daily) carry a higher risk of side effects. For pregnancy and lactation, sodium is rated Likely Safe in some contexts and Possibly Unsafe in others, while N-acetylcysteine is rated Possibly Safe during pregnancy but there isn't enough data on lactation.

Talk with your doctor before using this product if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium N-acetyl Cysteine (nac)

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — N-acetyl Cysteine (nac), Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 327 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before you start if you take nitroglycerin (Major interaction with N-acetylcysteine). Also double-check blood pressure medications (Moderate — sodium can reduce their effect and N-acetylcysteine may lower blood pressure further), lithium (Moderate — sodium can cause toxicity), blood thinners including anticoagulants and antiplatelets (Moderate — N-acetylcysteine may increase bleeding), corticosteroids (Moderate — sodium interaction), or chloroquine (Moderate — N-acetylcysteine may interfere).

No interactions are documented for the hydrolyzed soy protein blend.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is mainly a concern if you take nitroglycerin, blood pressure medications, lithium, blood thinners, or certain other drugs — the sodium and N-acetylcysteine here can interfere significantly. If you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney problems, sodium content matters, so check with your pharmacist first.

Anyone taking medications should run their prescriptions through the interaction tool on this page before starting.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 25, 2012.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Cholesterol Regulation Complex, straight from the product label.

Brand Shaklee
Net contents 180 Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 25, 2012
DSLD ID 5065
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Cholesterol Regulation Complex by Shaklee, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
6 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
6 Tablet(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 {Calories}--
Total Carbohydrates1 g1%
Protein2 g4%
Sodium60 mg2%
N-Acetylcysteine200 mg--
Hydrolyzed Soy Protein Blend3000 mg--

Other ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Croscarmellose Sodium

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

DIRECTIONS: Take 6 tablets per day with meals.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*THESE STATEMENTS HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED BY THE FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION. THIS PRODUCT IS NOT INTENDED TO DIAGNOSE, TREAT, CURE, OR PREVENT ANY DISEASE.

General Statements

CARDIO HEALTH

Cholesterol Regulation Complex is a unique blend of natural ingredients that helps retain normal cholesterol levels and also increase HDL (good) cholesterol levels by up to 37% within three months.* It helps inhibit absorption of dietary cholesterol and does not interrupt Coenzyme Q10 production.* N-acetylcysteine supports the body's natural antioxidant defenses, which help prevent LDL oxidation.*

Helps Retain Normal Cholesterol Levels*

PHYTOPEPTIDES, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, & N-ACETYLCYSTEINE

Promotes Cardiovascular Health*

General

NG348A Item #20648

Precautions

Caution: If pregnant or nursing, consult your physician prior to use.

Bottle has printed seal under cap for your protection.

Formulation

Gluten free.

No artificial flavors, sweeteners, or preservatives added.

Seals/Symbols

100% SHAKLEE GUARANTEE

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Cholesterol Regulation Complex by Shaklee label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Cholesterol Regulation Complex label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Cholesterol Regulation Complex by Shaklee

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size6 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Protein

2 g per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
60 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

N-Acetylcysteine

Interacts with
294 drugs
200 mg per serving

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a supplement form of the amino acid cysteine and a building block for the antioxidant glutathione. It has well-established...

N-Acetylcysteine monograph & interactions

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein Blend

3000 mg per serving Form: Phytopeptides

Other (inactive) ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Croscarmellose Sodium. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Cholesterol Regulation Complex by Shaklee Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Cholesterol Regulation Complex?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
327Drugs
1 Major 326 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

N-Acetylcysteine 294
Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Cholesterol Regulation Complex interact with 327 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 4 ingredients in Cholesterol Regulation Complex interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. N-Acetylcysteine Sodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Cholesterol Regulation Complex with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

N-Acetylcysteine5 drug types · 294 drugs

Nitroglycerin

N-acetyl cysteine can increase the risk for hypotension and headaches when taken with intravenous or transdermal nitroglycerin.
Clinical research shows that concomitant administration of N-acetyl cysteine and intravenous or transdermal nitroglycerin can cause severe hypotension and intolerable headaches. Furthermore, in vitro research suggests that N-acetyl cysteine increases the anticoagulant activity of nitroglycerin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Activated Charcoal

N-acetyl cysteine might reduce the effects of activated charcoal, while activated charcoal might reduce the absorption of N-acetyl cysteine.
N-acetyl cysteine appears to reduce the capacity of activated charcoal to adsorb acetaminophen and salicylic acid. Conversely, although clinical research suggests that although activated charcoal can reduce the absorption of N-acetyl cysteine by up to 40%, it does not seem to reduce its clinical effects. Other clinical evidence suggests that activated charcoal does not affect the absorption of N-acetyl cysteine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, N-acetyl cysteine might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Clinical research suggests that intravenous N-acetyl cysteine decreases prothrombin time, prolongs coagulation time, decreases platelet aggregation, and increases blood loss in surgical patients. Furthermore, in vitro research suggests that N-acetyl cysteine increases the anticoagulant activity of nitroglycerin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, N-acetyl cysteine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that N-acetyl cysteine potentiates the hypotensive effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) captopril and enalaprilat. Theoretically, combining N-acetyl cysteine with other antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Chloroquine (Aralen)

Theoretically, N-acetyl cysteine might interfere with the antimalarial effects of chloroquine.
Animal research suggests that N-acetyl cysteine might reduce the antimalarial effects of chloroquine by increasing cellular levels of glutathione.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
N-Acetylcysteine full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Cholesterol Regulation Complex, from the product label.

Shaklee

See all Shaklee products
Name
Shaklee Corporation
Street Address
4747 Willow Road
City
Pleasanton
State
CA
ZipCode
94588
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Cholesterol Regulation Complex by Shaklee: Common Questions

Does Cholesterol Regulation Complex by Shaklee interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Cholesterol Regulation Complex has a known interaction with 327 medications, including 1 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Cholesterol Regulation Complex contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The sodium in this product is rated Likely Safe in some pregnancy contexts but Possibly Unsafe in others — the picture is mixed. N-acetylcysteine is Possibly Safe during pregnancy, but there isn't enough data on safety during breastfeeding. Because the evidence isn't clear, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you're pregnant or breastfeeding; they can advise you based on your personal situation.
What are the most common side effects of N-acetylcysteine?
At typical doses, the most common side effects are diarrhea, dry mouth, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. High doses — more than 9 grams in a single dose or more than 30 grams daily — are more likely to cause side effects.
Why is sodium a concern in supplements?
Your body needs a small amount of sodium, but excess sodium is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney problems. Normal dietary sodium is fine, but adding a sodium supplement on top of what you eat from food can push your intake too high, especially if you already take medications for blood pressure or have heart or kidney disease.
What is N-acetylcysteine used for?
According to the data we hold, N-acetylcysteine is Effective for treating acetaminophen poisoning and certain lung conditions like atelectasis and bronchitis, and Possibly Effective for bronchitis. It works as an antioxidant and helps break down mucus. We don't have evidence for cholesterol regulation in our data.
Can I take this if I'm on a blood thinner?
N-acetylcysteine in this product may increase your bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners — this is a Moderate interaction. Don't start this without checking with your pharmacist or doctor first; they can tell you if it's safe for you or if you need to adjust your medication.
Will this work for cholesterol?
The evidence we hold doesn't cover cholesterol regulation for either sodium or N-acetylcysteine, so we can't say whether this product works for that purpose. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether there's research supporting it for your needs.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Cholesterol Regulation Complex label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Cholesterol Regulation Complex’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

N-acetyl Cysteine (nac)

Interacts with 294 drugs

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a supplement form of the amino acid cysteine and a building block for the antioxidant glutathione. It has well-established prescription uses for acetaminophen over...

Read the full N-acetyl Cysteine (nac) monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Cholesterol Regulation Complex's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 124 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

N-acetyl Cysteine (nac) 86 references
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