Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 5 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Formula 15 Energy Boost Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System

Formula 15 Energy Boost label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Formula 15 Energy Boost against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Formula 15 Energy Boost is a dietary supplement by NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestion and bloating, muscle soreness and exercise recovery, inflammation and swelling.Based on those ingredients, 781 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Alfalfa juice concentrate, Parsley, Spirulina Algae. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Formula 15 Energy Boost by NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Formula 15 Energy Boost by NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Formula 15 Energy Boost by NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Enzyme Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (59 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Proprietary Herbal/Algae Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (400 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Formula 15 Energy Boost contains 7 active ingredients: three digestive enzymes—amylase, protease, and lipase—plus parsley, alfalfa juice concentrate, and spirulina algae, grouped into a proprietary enzyme blend and a proprietary herbal/algae blend. The three enzymes are meant to break down food during digestion; protease handles protein, lipase handles fat, and amylase handles carbohydrates.

The inactive ingredients are plant fiber and water.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

We hold no graded evidence for this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support healthy energy metabolism.
  • We looked for evidence on: Fatigue, Energy production, Mitochondrial function, Cellular energy.
  • Our graded evidence for these ingredients doesn't cover that particular purpose.

The evidence for these ingredients is limited. Protease and lipase show insufficient reliable evidence for their claimed uses in digestive support and inflammatory bowel conditions.

Parsley, alfalfa, and spirulina all have insufficient reliable evidence for most of their traditional uses—though spirulina does show possibly effective evidence for blood pressure support. Overall, the scientific data on whether this formula actually improves energy or digestion is not established in the research we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Lipase Parsley Alfalfa Blue-green Algae

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Protease is generally well tolerated but may cause digestive upset or allergic reactions in some people. Rarely, occupational exposure to airborne proteolytic enzymes has triggered allergic rhinitis or asthma.

Lipase is generally well tolerated in supplement form, though people with serious digestive conditions should use it only under medical guidance. No adverse effects have been reported in adults, but safety data is incomplete.

Parsley is safe in food amounts but concentrated supplements may carry risks. Large doses can cause serious effects including hemolytic anemia and low platelet counts; anaphylaxis has been reported rarely.

Alfalfa supplements are generally tolerated but can cause abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and flatulence; a lupus-like syndrome and dermatitis have been reported rarely with chronic use. Spirulina algae are generally well tolerated but quality varies—some products are contaminated with toxins or heavy metals.

Common side effects include bloating, diarrhea, nausea, and headache; anaphylaxis and rashes have occurred rarely.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Lipase Parsley Alfalfa Blue-green Algae

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Alfalfa, Parsley, Blue-green Algae.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 781 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take this product, check whether you're on warfarin or another blood thinner—alfalfa and parsley both contain vitamin K and may reduce its effectiveness (Major concern with warfarin). Also double-check if you take diabetes medications, antiplatelet drugs like clopidogrel, hormonal contraceptives, estrogen therapy, immunosuppressants like sirolimus, diuretics, or barbiturate sedatives.

These are the drug types most likely to interact. Use the medication search tool on this page to see your specific prescriptions.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product combines digestive enzymes with herbs and algae, but the evidence that it works for energy or digestion isn't solid. The real concern is its interactions with blood thinners (warfarin especially), diabetes drugs, contraceptives, and immunosuppressants.

If you take any prescription medication—particularly any of these types—check your exact drugs with the tool on this page before starting. Talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist to make sure it's safe for your situation.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 25, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Formula 15 Energy Boost, straight from the product label.

Brand NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System
Barcode (UPC) 707636032527
Net contents 90 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 25, 2021
DSLD ID 244134
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Formula 15 Energy Boost by NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Servings per container
45
UPC/BARCODE
707636032527
IngredientAmount% DV
Amylase0 NP--
Protease0 NP--
Lipase0 NP--
Cellulase0 NP--
Parsley0 NP--
Alfalfa juice concentrate0 NP--
Spirulina Algae0 NP--
Proprietary Enzyme Blend59 mg--
Proprietary Herbal/Algae Blend400 mg--

Other ingredients: Plant Fiber, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Formulated exclusively for healthcare professionals NESS Energy Boost is uniquely formulated to support healthy energy metabolism.

Non-GMO

Vegetarian

GMP compliant

Contains No: Aspartame, sugar, salt, gluten, artificial colors or flavors, dairy products, wheat, soy, yeast or corn proteins.

Precautions

Caution: If you are pregnant, nursing, have a serious medical condition, or take any medications, consult your physician before use.

Use only if tamper evident seal is unbroken.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store tightly closed in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statement have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, mitigate, cure or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Enzyme Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommended Use: Take two (2) capsules twice daily with meals, or as directed by your healthcare professional.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Formula 15 Energy Boost by NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Formula 15 Energy Boost label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Formula 15 Energy Boost by NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Vegetarian Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container45 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Enzyme Blend

59 mg per serving

Proprietary Herbal/Algae Blend

400 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Plant Fiber, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Formula 15 Energy Boost by NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Formula 15 Energy Boost?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
781Drugs
2 Major 779 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Alfalfa juice concentrate 583
Parsley 443
Spirulina Algae 327

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Formula 15 Energy Boost interact with 781 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 7 ingredients in Formula 15 Energy Boost interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Alfalfa juice concentrate Parsley Spirulina Algae

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Formula 15 Energy Boost with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Alfalfa juice concentrate6 drug types · 583 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, alfalfa might reduce the anticoagulant activity of warfarin.
Alfalfa contains a large amount of vitamin K. This could theoretically interfere with the activity of warfarin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, alfalfa might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that alfalfa decreases blood sugar in diabetic mice. Also, in one case report, a diabetic patient experienced hypoglycemia after consuming alfalfa extract. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with the activity of contraceptive drugs.
Alfalfa contains coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, and isoflavonoids, which have estrogenic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with hormone therapy.
Alfalfa contains coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, and isoflavonoids, which have estrogenic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, alfalfa might decrease the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy.
In vitro research and human case reports suggest that alfalfa may have immunostimulant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that excessive doses of alfalfa may increase photosensitivity, possibly due to its chlorophyll content. It is unclear if this effect would be clinically relevant in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Alfalfa juice concentrate full monograph & interactions

Parsley8 drug types · 443 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley has antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley might decrease blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Laboratory research suggests that parsley can inhibit CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might enhance or interfere with the effects of diuretic drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley seed extract increases urine elimination. Parsley leaf and root might also interfere with diuretic therapy due their purported aquaretic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, parsley might increase the duration of pentobarbital effects.
Animal research suggests that parsley juice prolongs the action of pentobarbital, perhaps by decreasing cytochrome P450 levels. It is not known if this occurs in humans or if this applies to other barbiturates or sedatives.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sirolimus (Rapamune)

Theoretically, large quantities of parsley might increase sirolimus levels.
In one case report, an adult female with a history of kidney transplant presented with elevated blood sirolimus levels, approximately 4-7 times greater than previous measures, after daily consumption of a juice containing approximately 30 grams of parsley for 7 days. Sirolimus levels returned to normal a week after the parsley juice was discontinued.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, large amounts of parsley leaf and root might decrease the effects of warfarin.
Parlsey contains vitamin K.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Aspirin

Theoretically, aspirin might increase the severity of allergic reactions to parsley.
In one case, severe urticaria and swelling were reported after taking aspirin with parsley in an individual with a known mild parsley allergy.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Parsley full monograph & interactions

Spirulina Algae3 drug types · 327 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, this is unlikely.
Spirulina blue-green algae have shown antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects in vitro. However, one preliminary study in 24 patients receiving spirulina blue-green algae 2.3 grams daily for 2 weeks showed no effect on platelet activation or measures of clotting time.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Human research shows that spirulina blue-green algae can have hypoglycemic effects in patients with diabetes, at least some of whom were using antidiabetes drugs. However, blue-green algae does not seem to improve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes. A meta-analysis of animal studies also suggests that spirulina blue-green algae have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, concurrent use of blue-green algae might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Blue-green algae have been shown to stimulate the immune system.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Spirulina Algae full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Formula 15 Energy Boost, from the product label.

NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System

See all NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System products
Name
Enzymes Inc.
City
Kansas City
State
MO
ZipCode
64153
Phone Number
1-800-637-7893
Web Address
www.nessenzymes.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Formula 15 Energy Boost by NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System: Common Questions

Does Formula 15 Energy Boost by NESS Nutritional Enzyme Support System interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Formula 15 Energy Boost has a known interaction with 781 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Formula 15 Energy Boost contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Parsley in medicinal or large amounts may stimulate the uterus and is likely unsafe in pregnancy—stick to food amounts only. Alfalfa supplements are possibly unsafe in pregnancy because of estrogen-like effects; food amounts are likely fine. For protease, lipase, and spirulina, there isn't enough safety data to know either way. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about what's safe for you personally.
Can this product help with bloating or digestion?
The three digestive enzymes in this formula—protease, lipase, and amylase—are designed to help break down food, but we don't have solid evidence they actually improve digestion or bloating in supplement form. The scientific data is insufficient to say whether it works for these purposes.
What side effects might I notice?
The most common ones are digestive: abdominal discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, flatulence, and nausea. Spirulina may also cause dizziness, fatigue, or headache. Protease can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive people. Parsley in large amounts is riskier and could cause serious effects, but the amount in this formula isn't clear.
Why does this product have so many medication interactions?
Parsley and alfalfa are herbs with active compounds—parsley affects how your liver breaks down certain drugs and has vitamin K (which interferes with blood thinners), while alfalfa has estrogen-like substances and vitamin K too. Spirulina algae can affect blood clotting and blood sugar. Even though the amounts in a capsule are small, they add up across multiple drug types.
Does this product have fillers?
Yes. Beyond the active digestive enzymes and herbs, the formula contains plant fiber and water as inactive ingredients.
What is each enzyme supposed to do?
Protease breaks down protein into smaller pieces your body can absorb. Lipase breaks down dietary fats. Amylase breaks down carbohydrates. Together they're meant to support the digestive process, though evidence they work in supplement form is lacking.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Formula 15 Energy Boost label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Formula 15 Energy Boost’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...

Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lipase

Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...

Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Parsley

Interacts with 443 drugs

Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a diuretic and for digestion, but solid hu...

Read the full Parsley monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Alfalfa

Interacts with 583 drugs

Alfalfa is a nutrient-rich legume that people use for high cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and general wellness, but solid human evidence for most of these uses is limited. It is best avoid...

Read the full Alfalfa monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Blue-green Algae

Interacts with 327 drugs

Blue-green algae are nutrient-rich aquatic microorganisms (such as spirulina and Klamath Lake algae) taken as a supplement for energy, nutrition, and general wellness. Evidence for most heal...

Read the full Blue-green Algae monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Formula 15 Energy Boost's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 79 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
  1. Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
  2. Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
  3. Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →

Lipase 1 reference
  1. Casper C, Hascoet JM, Ertl T, et al. Recombinant bile salt-stimulated lipase in preterm infant feeding: A randomized phase 3 study. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0156071. PubMed

See these in context on the Lipase monograph →

Parsley 21 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  4. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  5. Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler's Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.
  6. Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal, 4th ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1999. DOI
  7. Eberhard P, Gall HM, Muller I, Moller R. Dramatic augmentation of a food allergy by acetylsalicylic acid. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:844 PubMed
  8. Tunali T, Yarat A, Yanardag R, et al. Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the skin of STZ induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res 1999;13:138-41.. DOI
  9. Chuang CH, Doyle P, Wang JD, et al. Herbal medicines used during the first trimester and major congenital malformations: an analysis of data from a pregnancy cohort study. Drug Saf 2006;29:537-48. PubMed
  10. Ciganda C, and Laborde A. Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:235-239. PubMed
  11. Jakovljevic, V., Raskovic, A., Popovic, M., and Sabo, J. The effect of celery and parsley juices on pharmacodynamic activity of drugs involving cytochrome P450 in their metabolism. Eur.J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;27(3):153-156. PubMed
  12. Kreydiyyeh, S. I. and Usta, J. Diuretic effect and mechanism of action of parsley. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;79(3):353-357. PubMed
  13. Yanardag, R., Bolkent, S., Tabakoglu-Oguz, A., and Ozsoy-Sacan, O. Effects of Petroselinum crispum extract on pancreatic B cells and blood glucose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003;26(8):1206-1210. PubMed
  14. Bolkent, S., Yanardag, R., Ozsoy-Sacan, O., and Karabulut-Bulan, O. Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the liver of diabetic rats: a morphological and biochemical study. Phytother.Res 2004;18(12):996-999.
  15. Ozsoy-Sacan, O., Yanardag, R., Orak, H., Ozgey, Y., Yarat, A., and Tunali, T. Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) extract versus glibornuride on the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 3-8-2006;104(1-2):175-181. PubMed
  16. Peterson, S., Lampe, J. W., Bammler, T. K., Gross-Steinmeyer, K., and Eaton, D. L. Apiaceous vegetable constituents inhibit human cytochrome P-450 1A2 (hCYP1A2) activity and hCYP1A2-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2006;44(9):147 PubMed
  17. Gadi, D., Bnouham, M., Aziz, M., Ziyyat, A., Legssyer, A., Legrand, C., Lafeve, F. F., and Mekhfi, H. Parsley extract inhibits in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 8-17-2009;125(1):170-174. PubMed
  18. Arslan S, Ucar R, Caliskaner AZ. A Cases of Near-fatal Anaphylaxis: Parsley "Over-use" as an Herbal Remedy. Med Arch. 2014;68(6):426-7.
  19. Foti C, Cassano N, Mistrello G, Amato S, Romita P, Vena GA. Contact urticaria to raw arugula and parsley. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011 May;106(5):447-8. PubMed
  20. Farzaei MH, Abbasabadi Z, Ardekani MR, Rahimi R, Farzaei F. Parsley: a review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activities. J Tradit Chin Med. 2013;33(6):815-26. PubMed
  21. Kurtaran M, Koc NS, Aksun MS, Yildirim T, Yilmaz SR, Erdem Y. Petroselinum crispum, a commonly consumed food, affects sirolimus level in a renal transplant recipient: a case report. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2021;12:20420986211009358.

See these in context on the Parsley monograph →

Alfalfa 32 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  3. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  4. Kurzer MS, Xu X. Dietary phytoestrogens. Annu Rev Nutr 1997;17:353-81. PubMed
  5. Farber JM, Carter AO, Varughese PV, et al. Listeriosis traced to the consumption of alfalfa tablets and soft cheese [Letter to the Editor]. N Engl J Med 1990;322:338. PubMed
  6. Molgaard J, von Schenck H, Olsson AG. Alfalfa seeds lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 1987;65:173-9. PubMed
  7. Light TD, Light JA. Acute renal transplant rejection possibly related to herbal medications. Am J Transplant 2003;3:1608-9. PubMed
  8. Prete PE. The mechanism of action of L-canavanine in inducing autoimmune phenomena. Arthritis Rheum 1985;28:1198-200. PubMed
  9. Alcocer-Varela J, Iglesias A, Llorente L, Alarcon-Segovia D. Effects of L-canavanine on T cells may explain the induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by alfalfa. Arthritis Rheum 1985;28:52-7. PubMed
  10. Roberts JL, Hayashi JA. Exacerbation of SLE associated with alfalfa ingestion. N Engl J Med 1983;308:1361. DOI
  11. Feingold, R. M. Should we fear "health foods"? Arch Intern Med 7-12-1999;159(13):1502. PubMed
  12. Taormina, P. J., Beuchat, L. R., and Slutsker, L. Infections associated with eating seed sprouts: an international concern. Emerg.Infect.Dis 1999;5(5):626-634. PubMed
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