Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

IndoleGard Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NutriCology

IndoleGard label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking IndoleGard against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

IndoleGard is a dietary supplement by NutriCology with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for hair, skin, and nail health, bone health and osteoporosis, joint and connective tissue support.Based on those ingredients, 904 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin E, DIM. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against IndoleGard by NutriCology

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with IndoleGard by NutriCology — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of IndoleGard by NutriCology

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 6, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “BioResponse DIM” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (300 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

IndoleGard contains 5 active ingredients. The two main ones are DIM (diindolylmethane), a compound derived from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, and vitamin E, a fat-soluble antioxidant.

You'll also find silica (a mineral form of silicon), phosphatidylcholine (a phospholipid involved in cell membranes and nervous system function), and a proprietary blend called BioResponse DIM. The remaining contents are inactive ingredients—cellulose, gum arabic, rice husks, and sunflower oil—that serve as capsule material and binding agents.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Promotes healthy estrogen metabolism.
  • We looked for evidence on: Acne, Breast cancer, Breast cancer-related hot flashes, Dysmenorrhea, Endometriosis, Fibrocystic breast disease — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Vitamin E is rated "Possibly Effective" for Dysmenorrhea (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Vitamin E is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Breast cancer-related hot flashes.
  • Also on file: Vitamin E is rated "Likely Ineffective" for Breast cancer, Fibrocystic breast disease.

The evidence for what this product does is limited or not yet established in the data we hold. Silica is possibly effective for osteoporosis, but lacks reliable evidence for hair loss or dental issues.

DIM's effectiveness for prostate, breast, uterine, and colorectal health, as well as cervical dysplasia and breast pain, is insufficient—meaning the evidence isn't strong enough to rate it one way or the other. Phosphatidylcholine is possibly effective for ulcerative colitis, but evidence for liver disease and neurological conditions is insufficient.

Vitamin E is effective for actual vitamin E deficiency and certain genetic conditions, and possibly effective for Alzheimer's disease and some blood disorders, but these aren't the typical uses promoted for this product.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Silicon Diindolylmethane Phosphatidylcholine Vitamin E

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Silica taken by mouth in food and supplement amounts is generally well tolerated, though long-term safety at high doses isn't well studied. DIM is generally well tolerated short-term, with the most common side effects being diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, rash, and vomiting—though a rare serious reaction called DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) has been reported.

Phosphatidylcholine is generally well tolerated at typical doses but can cause bloating, diarrhea, nausea, altered taste, and sweating; large doses (30 grams daily) increase the risk of digestive upset. Vitamin E at high doses may raise bleeding risk and has rarely been linked to hemorrhagic stroke.

For pregnancy, silica safety data is insufficient—talk with your doctor. DIM's effects on hormones make it inadvisable in pregnancy.

Phosphatidylcholine is needed during pregnancy, but supplement safety beyond food sources hasn't been well studied. Vitamin E from food and prenatal vitamins is fine, but avoid high-dose supplements unless your doctor directs it.

Breastfeeding safety data is insufficient or lacking for silica, DIM, and phosphatidylcholine; check with your healthcare provider before use.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Silicon Diindolylmethane Phosphatidylcholine Vitamin E

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin E, Diindolylmethane.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; cancer treatments.
  • For scale: 905 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before starting IndoleGard, double-check with your pharmacist or doctor if you take any of these: blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (Moderate severity—vitamin E may increase bleeding risk), warfarin (Moderate—same bleeding concern), estrogen-containing medications like birth control or hormone therapy (Moderate—DIM may alter estrogen effects), water-loss diuretics (Moderate—DIM may raise sodium depletion risk), certain cancer chemotherapy drugs like doxorubicin or alkylating agents (Moderate—vitamin E's antioxidant effects might reduce their activity), or cyclosporine (Moderate—a specific form of vitamin E may increase its levels). Additionally, medications metabolized through CYP3A4 or CYP1A2 pathways and niacin (Minor for niacin) warrant discussion as well.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

IndoleGard may appeal to people interested in supporting prostate, breast, or hormone metabolism, but the evidence for these uses isn't yet established. If you take blood thinners, estrogen-containing medications, or certain cancer drugs, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting—the vitamin E and DIM content could affect how those medications work or raise your bleeding risk.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding require a conversation with your healthcare provider before taking this product.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 22, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about IndoleGard, straight from the product label.

Brand NutriCology
Barcode (UPC) 713947541405
Net contents 120 Vegetarian Capsules
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 22, 2022
DSLD ID 258600
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for IndoleGard by NutriCology, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
4 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
713947541405
IngredientAmount% DV
Silica0 NP--
Starch0 NP--
DIM0 NP--
Phosphatidylcholine0 NP--
Vitamin E0 NP--
BioResponse DIM300 mg--

Other ingredients: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Rice Husks Concentrate, Gum Arabic, Sunflower Oil

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Contains BioResponse DIM, a unique, stable, bioavailable form of DIM, made possible through a proprietary delivery system. The formula is co-solubilized with phosphatidycholine, and microencapsulated in starch particles. Unlike indole-3-carbinole (I3C), proprietary BioResponse DIM is highly stable and requires no conversion in the stomach.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use As a dietary supplement, 2 to 4 capsules one or two times daily with food, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner.

Precautions

Do not use if you are pregnant, lactating, or using birth control pills. Persons taking prescription medications should consult a healthcare professional before use.

Keep out of reach of children.

Harmless changes in urine color may occur.

Brand IP Statement(s)

BioResponse DIM is a proprietary, enhanced bioavailability complex containing diindolylmethane licensed from BioResponse, L.L.C., Boulder, Colorado.

NutriCology Innovative Nutrition

Formulation

Promotes Healthy Estrogen

Variations in product color may occur.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Storage

Keep in a cool, dry place, tightly capped.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

IndoleGard by NutriCology label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

IndoleGard label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in IndoleGard by NutriCology

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

BioResponse DIM

300 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Rice Husks Concentrate, Gum Arabic, Sunflower Oil. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

IndoleGard by NutriCology Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against IndoleGard?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
904Drugs
840 Moderate 64 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin E 764
DIM 269

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in IndoleGard interact with 904 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 5 ingredients in IndoleGard interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin E DIM

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in IndoleGard with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin E8 drug types · 764 drugs

Alkylating Agents

Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs which generate free radicals, such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, busulfan, and thiotepa. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Vitamin E seems to inhibit of platelet aggregation and antagonize the effects of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. These effects appear to be dose-dependent, and are probably only likely to be clinically significant with doses of at least 800 units daily. Mixed tocopherols, such as those found in food, might have a greater antiplatelet effect than alpha-tocopherol. RRR alpha-tocopherol (natural vitamin E) 1000 IU daily antagonizes vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Advise patients to avoid high doses of vitamin E, especially in people with low vitamin K intake or other risk factors for bleeding.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antitumor Antibiotics

Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs such as doxorubicin, which generate free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

A specific form of vitamin E might increase absorption and levels of cyclosporine.
There is some evidence that one specific formulation of vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopheryl-polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate, TPGS, tocophersolan, Liqui-E) might increase absorption of cyclosporine. This vitamin E formulation forms micelles which seems to increase absorption of cyclosporine by 40% to 72% in some patients. However, this interaction is unlikely to occur with the usual forms of vitamin E.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Vitamin E appears to bind with the nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), which results in increased expression of CYP3A4. Although the clinical significance of this is not known, use caution when considering concomitant use of vitamin E and other drugs affected by these enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Selumetinib (Koselugo)

Taking selumetinib with vitamin E can result in a total daily dose of vitamin E that exceeds safe limits and therefore might increase the risk of bleeding.
Selumetinib contains 48-54 IU vitamin E per capsule. The increased risk of bleeding with vitamin E appears to be dose-dependent. Be cautious when using selumetinib in combination with supplemental vitamin E, especially in patients at higher risk of bleed, such as those with chronic conditions and those taking antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Using vitamin E with warfarin might increase the risk of bleeding.
Due to interference with production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, use of more than 400 IU of vitamin E daily with warfarin might increase prothrombin time (PT), INR, and the risk of bleeding,. At a dose of 1000 IU per day, vitamin E can antagonize vitamin K-dependent clotting factors even in people not taking warfarin. Limited clinical evidence suggests that doses up to 1200 IU daily may be used safely by patients taking warfarin, but this may not be applicable in all patient populations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Niacin

Vitamin E might decrease the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in people with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50%. Vitamin E alone combined with a statin does not seem to decrease HDL levels. It is not known whether the adverse effect on HDL is due to one of the other antioxidants or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Vitamin E full monograph & interactions

DIM3 drug types · 269 drugs

Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase the risk of hyponatremia if used with sodium-depleting diuretics.
Large doses of diindolylmethane (600 mg daily) have been associated with two cases of asymptomatic hyponatremia in clinical research.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase or decrease the effects of estrogens.
Diindolylmethane might have mild estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, large amounts of diindolylmethane might interfere with hormone replacement therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might lower serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that diindolylmethane can induce CYP1A2. Theoretically, it might increase metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates and lower serum concentrations. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
DIM full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for IndoleGard, from the product label.

NutriCology

See all NutriCology products
Name
NutriCology
City
South Salt Lake
State
UT
ZipCode
84115
Phone Number
800.545.9960
Web Address
www.nutricology.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

IndoleGard by NutriCology: Common Questions

Does IndoleGard by NutriCology interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, IndoleGard has a known interaction with 904 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
IndoleGard contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is DIM and why is it in this product?
DIM (diindolylmethane) is a compound that comes from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage. It's included because some people believe it supports hormone metabolism and prostate or breast health, though the evidence in our data is insufficient to rate these claims.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Silica has insufficient safety data for pregnancy—that's a conversation for your doctor. DIM's effects on hormones mean the safety data advises against it. Phosphatidylcholine is needed during pregnancy, but supplement use beyond food sources hasn't been well studied. Talk with your doctor or midwife before taking this product.
What side effects might I experience?
DIM commonly causes diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, and rash. Phosphatidylcholine may cause bloating, diarrhea, nausea, or altered taste, especially at higher doses. Vitamin E is usually well tolerated, but high doses raise bleeding risk. Most people tolerate the product without trouble, but digestive upset is the most likely symptom.
Is this safe to take long-term?
Long-term safety for DIM hasn't been well established. Silica's long-term safety at high doses also isn't well studied. Phosphatidylcholine is generally well tolerated long-term at normal doses. If you're considering long-term use, check in with your doctor or pharmacist to make sure it's right for you.
Can I take this with my birth control?
DIM in this product may theoretically increase or decrease estrogen effects—that means it could interfere with how your birth control works. Talk with your doctor before combining them.
Does this product have fillers or just the active ingredients?
This product does contain inactive ingredients—hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, rice husks concentrate, gum arabic, and sunflower oil. These are standard capsule materials and binders, not active ingredients.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

IndoleGard label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind IndoleGard’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Silicon

Silicon is a trace mineral found in the body and in foods like oats, barley, and certain fruits and vegetables, and it is popular in supplements for hair, skin, nail, and bone health. Some s...

Read the full Silicon monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Diindolylmethane

Interacts with 269 drugs

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound made when your body digests cruciferous vegetables, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for hormone balance and cancer prevention. Although early lab s...

Read the full Diindolylmethane monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Phosphatidylcholine

Phosphatidylcholine is a phospholipid that is part of every cell membrane and a source of choline. People take it for liver, brain, and gut health, but solid human evidence is limited for mo...

Read the full Phosphatidylcholine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin E

Interacts with 764 drugs

Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correct a true deficiency, but high-dose vitam...

Read the full Vitamin E monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

IndoleGard's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 112 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Silicon 19 references
  1. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  2. Jugdaohsingh R, Anderson SH, Tucker KL, et al. Dietary silicon intake and absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:887-93. PubMed
  3. Ichiyanagi O, Sasagawa I, Adachi Y, et al. Silica urolithiasis without magnesium trisilicate intake. Urol Int 1998;61:39-42. PubMed
  4. Levison DA, Crocker PR, Banim S, Wallace DM. Silica stones in the urinary bladder. Lancet 1982;1:704-5. PubMed
  5. Lee MH, Lee YH, Hsu TH, et al. Silica stone--development due to long time oral trisilicate intake. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1993;27:267-9. PubMed
  6. Cruz Guerra, N. A., Gomez Garcia, M. A., Lovaco, Castellano F., Saez Garrido, J. C., Garcia, Cuerpo E., and Escudero, Barrilero A. [Silica urolithiasis: report of a new case]. Actas Urol.Esp 2000;24(2):202-204.
  7. Merget, R., Bauer, T., Kupper, H. U., Philippou, S., Bauer, H. D., Breitstadt, R., and Bruening, T. Health hazards due to the inhalation of amorphous silica. Arch Toxicol. 2002;75(11-12):625-634. PubMed
  8. Khuder, S. A., Peshimam, A. Z., and Agraharam, S. Environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Rev Environ Health 2002;17(4):307-315. PubMed
  9. McLaughlin, J. K., Chow, W. H., and Levy, L. S. Amorphous silica: a review of health effects from inhalation exposure with particular reference to cancer. J Toxicol.Environ Health 4-25-1997;50(6):553-566. DOI
  10. Pelucchi, C., Pira, E., Piolatto, G., Coggiola, M., Carta, P., and La, Vecchia C. Occupational silica exposure and lung cancer risk: a review of epidemiological studies 1996-2005. Ann.Oncol. 2006;17(7):1039-1050. PubMed
  11. Gillissen, A., Gessner, C., Hammerschmidt, S., Hoheisel, G., and Wirtz, H. [Health significance of inhaled particles]. Dtsch.Med Wochenschr. 3-24-2006;131(12):639-644.
  12. Hu, J. F., Qu, H., and Wang, J. Z. [Meta analysis for relationship between exposure of free silicon dioxide and lung tumor]. Zhonghua Lao.Dong.Wei Sheng Zhi.Ye.Bing.Za Zhi. 2006;24(7):415-417.
  13. Jugdaohsingh, R. Silicon and bone health. J Nutr Health Aging 2007;11(2):99-110.
  14. Lacasse, Y., Martin, S., Gagne, D., and Lakhal, L. Dose-response meta-analysis of silica and lung cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2009;20(6):925-933. PubMed
  15. McCormic, Z. D., Khuder, S. S., Aryal, B. K., Ames, A. L., and Khuder, S. A. Occupational silica exposure as a risk factor for scleroderma: a meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup.Environ Health 2010;83(7):763-769. PubMed
  16. Haddad, F. S. and Kouyoumdjian, A. Silica stones in humans. Urol.Int 1986;41(1):70-76. PubMed
  17. Tervaert, J. W., Stegeman, C. A., and Kallenberg, C. G. Silicon exposure and vasculitis. Curr Opin.Rheumatol 1998;10(1):12-17. PubMed
  18. Steenland, K. and Stayner, L. Silica, asbestos, man-made mineral fibers, and cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1997;8(3):491-503. PubMed
  19. Boqué N, Valls RM, Pedret A, Puiggrós F, Arola L, Solà R. Relative absorption of silicon from different formulations of dietary supplements: a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover post-prandial study. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):16479. PubMed

See these in context on the Silicon monograph →

Diindolylmethane 14 references
  1. Natl Inst Health, Natl Inst Environmental Health Sci. Indole-3-carbinol. Available at: http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov.
  2. Balk JL. Indole-3-carbinol for cancer prevention. Altern Med Alert 2000; 3:105-7.
  3. Riby JE, Chang GHF, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Ligand-independent activation of estrogen receptor function by 3,3'-diindolylmethane in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2000;60:167-77. PubMed
  4. Lake BG, Tredger JM, Renwick AB, et al. 3'3-diindolylmethane induces CYP1A2 in cultured precision-cut human liver slices. Xenobiotica 1998;28:803-11. PubMed
  5. Dalessandri, K. M., Firestone, G. L., Fitch, M. D., Bradlow, H. L., and Bjeldanes, L. F. Pilot study: effect of 3,3'-diindolylmethane supplements on urinary hormone metabolites in postmenopausal women with a history of early-stage breast cancer. Nutr Canc PubMed
  6. Reed, G. A., Arneson, D. W., Putnam, W. C., Smith, H. J., Gray, J. C., Sullivan, D. K., Mayo, M. S., Crowell, J. A., and Hurwitz, A. Single-dose and multiple-dose administration of indole-3-carbinol to women: pharmacokinetics based on 3,3'-diindolylmetha
  7. Reed, G. A., Sunega, J. M., Sullivan, D. K., Gray, J. C., Mayo, M. S., Crowell, J. A., and Hurwitz, A. Single-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of absorption-enhanced 3,3'-diindolylmethane in healthy subjects. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 2008; PubMed
  8. Del Priore G., Gudipudi, D. K., Montemarano, N., Restivo, A. M., Malanowska-Stega, J., and Arslan, A. A. Oral diindolylmethane (DIM): pilot evaluation of a nonsurgical treatment for cervical dysplasia. Gynecol.Oncol. 2010;116(3):464-467. PubMed
  9. Heath, E. I., Heilbrun, L. K., Li, J., Vaishampayan, U., Harper, F., Pemberton, P., and Sarkar, F. H. A phase I dose-escalation study of oral BR-DIM (BioResponse 3,3'- Diindolylmethane) in castrate-resistant, non-metastatic prostate cancer. Am.J.Transl.R
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