Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 4 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Joint Envy Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Roex

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Joint Envy is a dietary supplement by Roex with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for skin hydration and aging, joint comfort and osteoarthritis, dry eyes.Based on those ingredients, 414 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Theacrine, Calcium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Joint Envy by Roex

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 7 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Joint Envy contains 7 active ingredients. Hyaluronic acid is a compound that holds water in tissues and is used orally for dry eye and skin; calcium is a mineral your body needs for bone and muscle function; theacrine is a stimulant-type compound related to caffeine; rice bran extract is the nutrient-rich outer layer of rice grain; and NEM Natural Eggshell Membrane, rice concentrate, and SCP-II Complex round out the formula.

The product also contains one inactive ingredient—hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, a capsule binder.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: joint maintenance and optimal function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Osteoarthritis, Joint health, Joint comfort, Cartilage support.
  • The closest evidence on file: Hyaluronic Acid is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Osteoarthritis (Natural Medicines).

Hyaluronic acid is possibly effective for dry eye and venous leg ulcers (slow-healing wounds in the lower leg), but evidence is insufficient to rate it for aging skin, hay fever, or sexual dysfunction. Calcium is effective for kidney failure and indigestion, and likely effective for osteoporosis.

Rice bran extract is possibly effective for high cholesterol but possibly ineffective for colorectal cancer, and evidence is insufficient for hair loss. For theacrine, athletic performance, mental focus, fatigue, cognitive function, and muscle strength all lack established evidence in our data.

We hold no effectiveness data for hyaluronic acid when taken orally for joint health specifically, nor for the other three ingredients we could not fully check.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Hyaluronic Acid Calcium Theacrine Rice Bran

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Hyaluronic acid taken by mouth appears well tolerated overall, but long-term oral safety has not been fully studied; the facts advise caution with oral supplements unless your doctor recommends it. Calcium is generally safe at recommended doses—common mild side effects are belching, constipation, and stomach upset—though very high doses raise theoretical concerns about kidney stones and, in some epidemiological work, prostate cancer risk.

Theacrine appears well tolerated in short-term studies, but long-term safety is unclear. Rice bran extract is generally well tolerated but can cause temporary bloating, gas, or loose stools as your body adjusts; allergic reactions are rare but have been reported.

For pregnancy: calcium is likely safe at recommended amounts; theacrine safety data is insufficient, and the facts advise against use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. For breastfeeding: calcium is safe at recommended amounts; theacrine should be avoided due to insufficient safety data.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Hyaluronic Acid Calcium Theacrine Rice Bran

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Calcium, Theacrine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 414 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking Joint Envy if you use any of these: HIV integrase inhibitors (dolutegravir, elvitegravir, raltegravir), the antibiotic ceftriaxone given by vein, thyroid medication (levothyroxine), heart rhythm drugs (sotalol), the psoriasis cream calcipotriene, the heart medication diltiazem, or any sedating drugs (CNS depressants). No interactions are documented for the ingredients we could check beyond those listed above.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Joint Envy is a multi-ingredient supplement for joint and connective-tissue support, with some ingredients backed by fair evidence (calcium for bone health, hyaluronic acid for dry eye) and others lacking established benefit in our data. If you take dolutegravir, elvitegravir, or intravenous ceftriaxone, this product poses a serious risk and you should not start it without talking to your doctor or pharmacist.

Anyone on levothyroxine, sotalol, diltiazem, raltegravir, or sedating medications should also check first. Talk with your own doctor or pharmacist before adding this to your routine, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or on any prescription drugs.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 25, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Joint Envy, straight from the product label.

Brand Roex
Barcode (UPC) 645245990947
Net contents 90 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 25, 2020
DSLD ID 211543
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Joint Envy by Roex, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
645245990947
IngredientAmount% DV
Hyaluronic Acid30 mg--
NEM Natural Eggshell Membrane500 mg--
Rice concentrate60 mg--
Calcium60 mg5%
Theacrine125 mg--
Rice Bran extract95 mg--
SCP-II Complex25 mg--

Other ingredients: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Clinically tested levels of four unique and complementary ingredients for the maintenance and optimal function of healthy joints at any age.

Advanced nutritional support for optimal joint comfort and function

Formula

Joint envy includes a unique jitter-free boost of energy from Theacrine, a natural caffeine-like ingredient found in certain teas and rainforest fruit.

Precautions

Warning: Consult your primary healthcare provider prior to use if you are pregnant, nursing, have a medical condition or are taking medications.

Not intended for children.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not use if clear safety seal around bottle neck is broken or missing.

Contains: Egg and Fish (Salmon)

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Storage

Store at room temperature, in a dry place.

Brand IP Statement(s)

NEM is a registered trademark of ESM Technologies, LLC. TeaCrine is a registered trademark of OrthoNutra, LLC. Nu-Rice is a registered trademark of Ribus, Inc. Nu-Flow is a registered trademark of Ribus, Inc. SCP-II Complex is a trademark of Infiniti Nutraceuticals.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Adults, take 3 capsules with water, preferably with a meal, as a dietary supplement, or as directed by a doctor.

See for yourself

Joint Envy by Roex label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Joint Envy by Roex

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size3 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Hyaluronic Acid

No known
interactions
30 mg per serving Form: Sodium Hyaluronate

Hyaluronic acid is a natural substance in the body that helps hold water in the skin, joints, and eyes. Oral and topical products are popular for skin...

Hyaluronic Acid monograph & interactions

NEM Natural Eggshell Membrane

500 mg per serving

Rice concentrate

60 mg per serving

Calcium

Interacts with
168 drugs
60 mg per serving Form: Natural Eggshell Membrane

Calcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet f...

Calcium monograph & interactions

Theacrine

Interacts with
248 drugs
125 mg per serving

Theacrine is a caffeine-like compound found naturally in certain tea plants and is sold in supplements for energy, focus, and mood. Early human studie...

Theacrine monograph & interactions

Rice Bran extract

No known
interactions
95 mg per serving

Rice bran is the nutrient-rich outer layer of the rice grain and is a good source of fiber, healthy fats, and plant compounds. It is most studied for...

Rice Bran extract monograph & interactions

SCP-II Complex

25 mg per serving Form: Salmon Nasal Cartilage Type II

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Joint Envy by Roex Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Joint Envy?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
414Drugs
7 Major 389 Moderate 18 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Theacrine 248
Calcium 168

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Joint Envy with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Theacrine1 drug type · 248 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, theacrine might alter the effects of CNS depressants.
Animal research shows that low doses of theacrine have sedating effects, whereas high doses might have stimulant effects. Depending on the dose of theacrine used, it might increase or decrease the effects of CNS depressants. However, these effects have not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Calcium18 drug types · 168 drugs

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Co-administration of intravenous calcium and ceftriaxone can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys.
Avoid administering intravenous calcium in any form, such as parenteral nutrition or Lactated Ringers, within 48 hours of intravenous ceftriaxone. Case reports in neonates show that administering intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys. In several cases, neonates have died as a result of this interaction. So far there are no reports in adults; however, there is still concern that this interaction might occur in adults.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Dolutegravir (Tivicay)

Calcium seems to reduce levels of dolutegravir.
Advise patients to take dolutegravir either 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium carbonate 1200 mg concomitantly with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces plasma levels of dolutegravir by almost 40%. Calcium appears to decrease levels of dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Elvitegravir (Vitekta)

Calcium seems to reduce levels of elvitegravir.
Advise patients to take elvitegravir either 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium along with elvitegravir can reduce blood levels of elvitegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aluminum

Calcium citrate might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity. Other types of calcium do not increase aluminum absorption.
Calcium citrate can increase the absorption of aluminum when taken with aluminum hydroxide. The increase in aluminum levels may become toxic, particularly in individuals with kidney disease. However, the effect of calcium citrate on aluminum absorption is due to the citrate anion rather than calcium cation. Calcium acetate does not appear to increase aluminum absorption.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Calcium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption when taken in a fasting state.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and calcium can be taken together if taken with food. However, if taken on an empty stomach, bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should not be taken with, or 2 hours after, calcium containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bisphosphonates

Calcium reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Advise patients to take bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes before calcium, but preferably at a different time of day. Calcium supplements decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with calcium might increase the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with calcium supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Using intravenous calcium with digoxin might increase the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. However, one retrospective analysis of clinical data suggests that intravenous calcium does not increase the risk of dysrhythmias or mortality in patients receiving digoxin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, calcium might increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of diltiazem.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption and effectiveness of levothyroxine.
Advise patients to take levothyroxine and calcium supplements at least 4 hours apart. Calcium reduces levothyroxine absorption, probably by forming insoluble complexes. Calcium carbonate supplements reduce effectiveness of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Lithium

Theoretically, concomitant use of calcium and lithium may increase this risk of hypercalcemia.
Clinical research suggests that long-term use of lithium may cause hypercalcemia in 10% to 60% of patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of lithium and calcium supplements may further increase this risk.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral quinolones at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements or calcium-fortified foods. Taking calcium at the same time as oral quinolones can reduce quinolone absorption. Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Raltegravir (Isentress)

Calcium may reduce levels of raltegravir.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that taking a single dose of calcium carbonate 3000 mg along with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily modestly decreases the mean area under the curve of raltegravir, but the decrease does not necessitate a dose adjustment of raltegravir. However, a case of elevated HIV-1 RNA levels and documented resistance to raltegravir has been reported for a patient taking calcium carbonate 1 gram three times daily plus vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 400 IU three times daily in combination with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily for 11 months. It is thought that calcium reduced raltegravir levels by chelation, leading to treatment failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Sotalol (Betapace)

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of sotalol.
Advise patients to separate doses by at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium. Calcium appears to reduce the absorption of sotalol, probably by forming insoluble complexes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements. Taking calcium at the same time as oral tetracyclines can reduce tetracycline absorption. Calcium binds to tetracyclines in the gut.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Thiazide Diuretics

Taking calcium along with thiazides might increase the risk of hypercalcemia and renal failure.
Thiazides reduce calcium excretion by the kidneys. Using thiazides along with moderately large amounts of calcium carbonate increases the risk of milk-alkali syndrome (hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal failure). Patients may need to have their serum calcium levels and/or parathyroid function monitored regularly.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, use of calcium supplements may increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of verapamil.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Calcium Channel Blockers

Intravenous calcium may decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers; oral calcium is unlikely to have this effect.
Intravenous calcium is used to decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers in the management of overdose. Intravenous calcium gluconate has been used before intravenous verapamil (Isoptin) to prevent or reduce the hypotensive effects without affecting the antiarrhythmic effects. But there is no evidence that dietary or supplemental calcium when taken orally interacts with calcium channel blockers.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Joint Envy, from the product label.

Roex

See all Roex products
Name
Caliber Direct, Inc
Street Address
8310 South Valley Highway 3rd Floor
City
Englewood
State
CO
ZipCode
80112
Phone Number
800-603-7075
Web Address
www.calibernutra.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Joint Envy by Roex: Common Questions

Does Joint Envy by Roex interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Joint Envy has a known interaction with 414 medications, including 7 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Joint Envy contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is hyaluronic acid, and what does it do in this product?
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring compound that holds moisture in tissue. It's possibly effective for dry eye and slow-healing leg wounds, but evidence is insufficient to confirm it helps joint health specifically. Long-term safety of oral supplements hasn't been fully studied.
Does this product have any side effects?
Hyaluronic acid and rice bran extract are generally well tolerated when taken by mouth. Calcium's most common side effects are belching, constipation, and stomach upset. Rice bran can temporarily cause bloating, gas, or loose stools. Theacrine appears well tolerated short-term, but long-term safety data is limited.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Calcium is safe at recommended doses during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Theacrine safety data is insufficient—the facts advise avoiding it during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. We don't have pregnancy/breastfeeding safety data on file for the other ingredients; talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
Can I take this if I'm on thyroid medication?
Calcium in this product can reduce how well your body absorbs levothyroxine. If you take thyroid medication, check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting; you may need to take them at least 4 hours apart.
What is theacrine, and is it like caffeine?
Theacrine is a stimulant-type compound related to caffeine. Evidence for its effects on athletic performance, energy, focus, and mental alertness is insufficient to rate. It may theoretically interact with sedating drugs, so check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take any.
What is NEM, and why can't you check its interactions?
NEM stands for Natural Eggshell Membrane, a protein source derived from eggshell. We don't hold interaction data for it, so we cannot check whether it interacts with medications. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it's right for you.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Joint Envy is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Joint Envy label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Joint Envy's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 74 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Hyaluronic Acid 4 references
  1. Park Y, Song JS, Choi CY, Yoon KC, Lee HK, Kim HS. A randomized multicenter study comparing 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate with 0.05% cyclosporine in the treatment of dry eye. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2017;33(2):66-72. PubMed
  2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Do Not Use Needle-Free Devices for Injection of Dermal Fillers - FDA Safety Communication. October 8, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/do-not-use-needle-free-devices-injection
  3. Disphanurat W, Srisantithum B. Efficacy and safety of 0.15% isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol combined with hyaluronic acid vs 0.15% isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol or hyaluronic acid alone in melasma treatment: A randomized evaluator-blind trial. J C PubMed
  4. Humbert P, Mikosinki J, Benchikhi H, Allaert FA. Efficacy and safety of a gauze pad containing hyaluronic acid in treatment of leg ulcers of venous or mixed origin: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Int Wound J 2013;10(2):159-66. PubMed

See these in context on the Hyaluronic Acid monograph →

Calcium 62 references
  1. Shils M, Olson A, Shike M. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger, 1994.
  2. Hernandez-Avila M, Gonzalez-Cossio T, Hernandez-Avila JE, et al. Dietary calcium supplements to lower blood lead levels in lactating women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Epidemiology 2003;14:206-12.. PubMed
  3. Thys-Jacobs S, Ceccarelli S, Bierman A, et al. Calcium supplementation in premenstrual syndrome: a randomized crossover trial. J Gen Intern Med 1989;4:183-9. PubMed
  4. Maton PN, Burton ME. Antacids revisited: a review of their clinical pharmacology and recommended therapeutic use. Drugs 1999;57:855-70.
  5. Clemens JD, Feinstein AR. Calcium carbonate and constipation: a historical review of medical mythopoeia. Gastroenterology 1977;72:957-61. DOI
  6. Saunders D, Sillery J, Chapman R. Effect of calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide on human intestinal function. Dig Dis Sci 1988;33:409-13. PubMed
  7. Friedman PA, Bushinsky DA. Diuretic effects on calcium metabolism. Semin Nephrol 1999;19:551-6.
  8. Koo WK, Walters JC, Esterlitz J, et al. Maternal calcium supplementation and fetal bone mineralization. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:577-82. DOI
  9. Raman L, Rajalakshmi K, Krishnamachari KAVR, et al. Effect of calcium supplementation to undernourished mothers during pregnancy on the bone density of the neonates. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31:466-9. DOI
  10. Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.
  11. Chan JM, Giovannucci E, Andersson SO, et al. Dairy products, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, and risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1998;9:559-66.
  12. Butner LE, Fulco PP, Feldman G, et al. Calcium carbonate-induced hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 2000:132:595. PubMed
  13. Schneyer CR. Calcium carbonate and reduction of levothyroxine efficacy. JAMA 1998;279:750. PubMed
  14. Moser LR, Smythe MA, Tisdale JE. The use of calcium salts in the prevention and management of verapamil-induced hypotension. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:622-9. PubMed
  15. Singh N, Singh PN, Hershman JM. Effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of levothyroxine. JAMA 2000;283:2822-5. PubMed
  16. Kahela P, Anttila M, Tikkanen R, Sundquist H. Effect of food, food constituents and fluid volume on the bioavailability of sotalol. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1979;44:7-12.. PubMed
  17. Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60.. PubMed
  18. Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.
  19. Decktor DL, Robinson M, Maton PN, et al. Effects of aluminum/magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate on esophageal and gastric pH in subjects with heartburn. Am J Ther 1995;2:546-52. PubMed
  20. Simoneau G. Absence of rebound effect with calcium carbonate. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1996;21:351-7. PubMed
  21. Peters ML, Leonard M, Licata AA. Role of alendronate and risedronate in preventing and treating osteoporosis. Cleve Clin J Med 2001;68:945-51. PubMed
  22. Bourke JF, Mumford R, Whittaker P, et al. The effects of topical calcipotriol on systemic calcium homeostasis in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:929-34.
  23. Gueguen L, Pointillart A. The bioavailability of dietary calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:119s-136s. PubMed
  24. Vella A, Gerber TC, Hayes DL, Reeder GS. Digoxin, hypercalcaemia, and cardiac conduction. Postgrad Med J 1999;75:554-6. PubMed
  25. Bania TC, Blaufeux B, Hughes S, et al. Calcium and digoxin vs. calcium alone for severe verapamil toxicity. Acad Emerg Med 2000;7:1089-96. PubMed
  26. Tseng M, Breslow RA, Graubard BI, Ziegler RG. Dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intakes and prostate cancer risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:1147-54. PubMed
  27. Weingarten MA, Zalmanovici A, Yaphe J. Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(1):CD003548. PubMed
  28. Tavani A, Bertuccio P, Bosetti C, et al. Dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus and the risk of prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2005;48:27-33. PubMed
  29. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. A prospective study of calcium intake and incident and fatal prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:203-10. PubMed
  30. Rocephin (ceftriaxone) and calcium interaction. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2007;23(10):231005.
  31. Bolland MJ, Barber PA, Doughty RN, et al. Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised control trial. BMJ 2008;336:262-6.
  32. Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;341:c3691. PubMed
  33. Calcium supplementation and vascular events. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2008;24(3):240306.
  34. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, November 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/Vitamin%20D%20and%20Calcium%202010%20Repo
  35. Coburn JW, Mischel MG, Goodman WG, et al. Calcium citrate markedly enhances aluminum absorption from aluminum hydroxide. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;17(6):708-11. PubMed
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Theacrine 1 reference
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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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