Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 2 of 3 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Organic Hemp Seed Oil Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Zongle Therapeutics

Organic Hemp Seed Oil label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Fat/fatty Acid
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Oct 7, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Organic Hemp Seed Oil against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Organic Hemp Seed Oil is a dietary supplement by Zongle Therapeutics with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 958 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Cannabis sativa (Hemp) seed Oil, Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Organic Hemp Seed Oil by Zongle Therapeutics

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Organic Hemp Seed Oil by Zongle Therapeutics — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Organic Hemp Seed Oil by Zongle Therapeutics

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 4 active ingredients.

This product has 4 ingredients total: polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, sodium, and cannabis sativa (hemp) seed oil. The two fats make up the bulk of the supplement and are the main nutritional components of hemp seed oil itself.

Sodium is present in small amounts — typical for any food or supplement derived from plant sources. The hemp seed oil is the active botanical ingredient here, valued for its fatty acid profile.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: joint support, digestive health, cardiovascular and skin health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Joint pain, Osteoarthritis, Constipation, Hypertension, Atopic dermatitis (eczema), skin irritation — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Hemp is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Constipation (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Hemp is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Atopic dermatitis (eczema), Hypertension, Osteoarthritis, Joint pain.

The evidence we hold doesn't establish that hemp seed oil works for any condition: the data shows insufficient reliable evidence for constipation and atopic dermatitis (eczema). Sodium has shown likely effectiveness for cystic fibrosis and possibly effectiveness for amphotericin B nephrotoxicity, but those are specialized medical uses unrelated to this product's typical use.

For the purposes most people buy hemp seed oil, the evidence we hold is not established.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Hemp

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Hemp seed oil is generally well tolerated in the amounts found in food and supplements. Rare cases of allergic reactions — including anaphylaxis and facial swelling — have been reported, and there's one case report of elevated liver enzymes in a young child given very high-dose hemp extract.

Sodium is essential in small amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain; normal dietary sodium is fine, but avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without talking to your doctor. During pregnancy and lactation, sodium is likely safe in normal amounts, though the data on hemp seed oil during pregnancy and lactation is insufficient — talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Hemp

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Sodium, Hemp.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 959 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Double-check your medications before using this product if you take antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medication), corticosteroids, lithium, didanosine, sodium phosphate bowel-prep solutions, tolvaptan, estrogen-based hormone therapy, anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs (blood thinners), or ACE inhibitors. Also check if any of your medications are processed by your liver through CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 pathways — hemp may reduce their effectiveness.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take blood pressure medications, lithium, corticosteroids, blood thinners, or ACE inhibitors, check your specific drugs with the tool on this page before starting this product. Otherwise, hemp seed oil is generally well tolerated as a food supplement, though allergies are rare.

Talk with your pharmacist if you have questions about how it fits with your health.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Organic Hemp Seed Oil, straight from the product label.

Brand Zongle Therapeutics
Barcode (UPC) 856426006658
Net contents 4 Fluid Ounce(s); 118 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2022
DSLD ID 276633
Product type Fat/fatty Acid
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Organic Hemp Seed Oil by Zongle Therapeutics, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablespoon(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tablespoon(s)
Servings per container
8
UPC/BARCODE
856426006658
IngredientAmount% DV
Protein0 Gram(s)--
Total Fat14 Gram(s)22%
Polyunsaturated Fat10.5 Gram(s)--
Monounsaturated Fat2 Gram(s)--
Saturated Fat1.5 Gram(s)7%
Calories130 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrate0 Gram(s)--
Sodium0 mg--
Cannabis sativa (Hemp) seed Oil0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

For topical or internal use.

Formulation

USDA Certified Organic

Unrefined virgin - cold pressed Promotes healthy joint support Promotes digestive health Supports a healthy cardiovascular system Helps keep skin looking healthy Helps enhance hair and nails Soothes skin irritations A rich source of GLA

Certified Organic

Therapeutic grade

GMO free Artificial ingredients free Paraben free Pesticide free Preservatives free Gluten free Cruelty free

Vegan

Origin: Canada Bottled in USA

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Precautions

Caution: Possible skin sensitivity.

Keep out of reach of children.

If you are pregnant, nursing, or under a doctor's care, consult your physician.

Formula

Cannabis sativa

FDA Statement of Identity

Carrier Oil Supplement

Seals/Symbols

USDA Organic

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Organic Hemp Seed Oil by Zongle Therapeutics label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Organic Hemp Seed Oil label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Organic Hemp Seed Oil by Zongle Therapeutics

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablespoon(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container8 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Protein

0 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
0 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Cannabis sativa (Hemp) seed Oil

Interacts with
940 drugs
0 NP per serving

Hemp seeds and hemp seed oil are nutritious foods rich in protein, fiber, and healthy omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and they are generally safe for...

Cannabis sativa (Hemp) seed Oil monograph & interactions
Interaction report

Organic Hemp Seed Oil by Zongle Therapeutics Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Organic Hemp Seed Oil?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
958Drugs
246 Moderate 712 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Cannabis sativa (Hemp) seed Oil 940
Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Organic Hemp Seed Oil interact with 958 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 3 ingredients in Organic Hemp Seed Oil interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Cannabis sativa (Hemp) seed Oil Sodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Organic Hemp Seed Oil with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Cannabis sativa (Hemp) seed Oil6 drug types · 940 drugs

Estrogens

Theoretically, hemp might interfere with hormone therapy due to its estrogenic effects.
In an ovariectomized animal model, a diet containing hemp seed 1%, 2%, or 10% resulted in normalized plasma levels of 17-beta-estradiol. The mechanism of action for this effect is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, consuming hemp seed protein isolate with ACE inhibitors might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Hemp seed protein hydrolysate has shown ACE inhibitor-like effects in a hypertensive animal model. However, hempseed oil consumption does not seem to reduce blood pressure in humans. Until more is known, monitor blood pressure and potassium levels.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, hemp seed might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In animal research, hemp seed at 5% of the diet inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro. However, in human research, taking hemp seed oil 2 grams daily for 12 weeks does not inhibit the aggregation of platelets in vitro.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, hemp seed protein may have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
In a hypertensive animal model, hemp seed protein hydrolysate reduced systolic blood pressure by a mechanism possibly involving the inhibition of renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities. However, there was no effect of hemp seed protein on blood pressure in normotensive animals. Furthermore, hempseed oil consumption does not seem to reduce blood pressure in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, hemp might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that hemp induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, hemp might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that hemp induces CYP3A4 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cannabis sativa (Hemp) seed Oil full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Organic Hemp Seed Oil, from the product label.

Zongle Therapeutics

See all Zongle Therapeutics products
Name
Zongle Therapeutics LLC
City
Norcross
State
GA
ZipCode
30093
Web Address
www.zongletherapeutics.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Organic Hemp Seed Oil by Zongle Therapeutics: Common Questions

Does Organic Hemp Seed Oil by Zongle Therapeutics interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Organic Hemp Seed Oil has a known interaction with 958 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Organic Hemp Seed Oil contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm on blood pressure medication?
Not without checking first. This product contains sodium, which can reduce how well blood pressure medications work and raise your blood pressure. Additionally, the hemp seed oil itself may add a small blood-pressure-lowering effect on top of your medication. Use the medication checker above to see if your specific drug is affected, then talk with your pharmacist.
Is hemp seed oil safe if I take blood thinners?
The hemp seed oil in this product theoretically increases bleeding risk when combined with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin or aspirin — though human studies suggest the risk is small. Check your exact medication with the tool on this page and discuss it with your pharmacist before starting.
What does hemp seed oil actually do for your health?
The evidence we hold doesn't establish that hemp seed oil works for any particular condition. It's valued as a source of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, but we don't have data showing it treats constipation, eczema, or high cholesterol.
Is this product safe during pregnancy?
Sodium is likely safe in normal amounts during pregnancy. However, we don't hold enough data to say whether hemp seed oil is safe during pregnancy — the evidence is insufficient. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
Are there any side effects from hemp seed oil?
Hemp seed oil is generally well tolerated. Rarely, people allergic to hemp seed protein have experienced anaphylaxis, facial swelling, or worsening asthma — usually on first exposure. There's also one case report of elevated liver enzymes in a young child given very high-dose hemp extract, though that's not a typical use.
Can I take this if I'm on lithium for bipolar disorder?
Not safely without talking to your doctor first. This product contains sodium, and changes in sodium intake can significantly raise or lower lithium levels in your blood, risking toxicity or loss of effectiveness. Do not start this product without medical clearance.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Organic Hemp Seed Oil label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Organic Hemp Seed Oil’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Hemp

Interacts with 940 drugs

Hemp seeds and hemp seed oil are nutritious foods rich in protein, fiber, and healthy omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and they are generally safe for most people as part of the diet. While...

Read the full Hemp monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Organic Hemp Seed Oil's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 52 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 40 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed
  39. Gan L, Zhao B, Inoue-Choi M, et al. Sex-specific associations between sodium and potassium intake and overall and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective U.S. cohort study, systematic review, and updated meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMC Med 2024 PubMed
  40. Liu D, Tian Y, Wang R, et al. Sodium, potassium intake, and all-cause mortality: confusion and new findings. BMC Public Health 2024;24(1):180. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Hemp 12 references
  1. Kaul N, Kreml R, Austria JA, et al. A comparison of fish oil, flaxseed oil and hempseed oil supplementation on selected parameters of cardiovascular health in healthy volunteers. J Am Coll Nutr 2008;27:51-8. PubMed
  2. Saberivand A, Karimi I, Becker LA, et al. The effects of Cannabis sativa L. seed (hempseed) in the ovariectomized rat model of menopause. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2010;32(7):467-73. PubMed
  3. Girgih AT, Alashi A, He R, Malomo S, Aluko RE. Preventive and treatment effects of a hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) meal protein hydrolysate against high blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Nutr. 2014;53(5):1237-46. PubMed
  4. Richard MN, Ganguly R, Steigerwald SN, Al-Khalifa A, Pierce GN. Dietary hempseed reduces platelet aggregation. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(2):424-5. PubMed
  5. Stadtmauer G, Beyer K, Bardina L, Sicherer SH. Anaphylaxis to ingestion of hempseed (Cannabis sativa). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;112(1):216-7. PubMed
  6. Del Bo' C, Deon V, Abello F, et al. Eight-week hempseed oil intervention improves the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids and the omega-3 index, but does not affect the lipid profile in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia. PubMed
  7. Alkhammash S, Tsui H, Thomson DMP. Cannabis and hemp seed allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(7):2429-2430.e1. PubMed
  8. Stokes JR, Hartel R, Ford LB, Casale TB. Cannabis (hemp) positive skin tests and respiratory symptoms. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2000;85(3):238-40. PubMed
  9. Déléaval M, Burri H, Bakelants E. Harmless herbs? A case report of acquired long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes in a patient taking herbal supplements. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2022;8(5):309-12. PubMed
  10. Singh M, Sehgal M, Yacoub M, et al. Severe liver dysfunction in a toddler receiving nonprescription phytocannabinoid. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022;62(4):1438-1440. PubMed
  11. Clark E, Nilsson U, Samaran Q, Raison-Peyron N. Allergic contact dermatitis from Cannabis sativa (hemp) seed oil. Contact Dermatitis 2022;87(3):292-293.
  12. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed

See these in context on the Hemp monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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