Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 4 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

ProBind Select Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Moss Nutrition

ProBind Select label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking ProBind Select against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

ProBind Select is a dietary supplement by Moss Nutrition with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for acute diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, traveler's diarrhea.Based on those ingredients, 2,114 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Charcoal, Activated, Chlorella, Probiotic Binder Blend. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against ProBind Select by Moss Nutrition

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with ProBind Select by Moss Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of ProBind Select by Moss Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Probiotic Binder Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (29 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

ProBind Select contains 7 active ingredients: three Lactobacillus species (plantarum, casei, and rhamnosus), Saccharomyces boulardii (a beneficial yeast), chlorella (an algae), activated charcoal, and bentonite clay. The probiotic organisms are meant to support your gut bacteria balance, while the charcoal and clay may help bind certain substances in your digestive tract.

The product also contains inactive ingredients: hypromellose (a capsule material), L-leucine, and silicon dioxide.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Broad spectrum toxin binding support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Poisoning, Flatulence, Dyspepsia, Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile infection, Travelers' diarrhea — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Activated Charcoal is rated "Possibly Effective" for Poisoning (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Saccharomyces Boulardii is rated "Possibly Effective" for Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Rotaviral diarrhea, Travelers' diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile infection.
  • Also on file: Activated Charcoal is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, Dyspepsia.

Saccharomyces boulardii in this product is possibly effective for rotaviral diarrhea, travelers' diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), Clostridioides difficile infection, and Helicobacter pylori. For the other ingredients — the Lactobacillus species, chlorella, and the charcoal and clay — the evidence we hold either hasn't established their effectiveness for specific uses or is insufficient to rate.

Talk with your pharmacist about what you're hoping this product will do for you.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Saccharomyces Boulardii Activated Charcoal Chlorella Lactobacillus Acidophilus

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Activated charcoal is generally well tolerated for short-term use, though it commonly causes constipation, black stools, bloating, and gas. Rarely, it can cause gastrointestinal obstruction.

Chlorella is generally well tolerated short term but can cause allergic reactions, abdominal cramping, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and — rarely — anaphylaxis. Saccharomyces boulardii should be avoided if you're critically ill or immunocompromised (including immunosuppressed), as serious fungal infections have been reported in those populations.

It may cause abdominal cramps, gas, nausea, and vomiting. We don't hold pregnancy or breastfeeding safety data for most ingredients — chlorella and two of the Lactobacillus species have no data on file.

Activated charcoal is possibly safe in pregnancy but should be used only under medical guidance. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Saccharomyces Boulardii Activated Charcoal Chlorella Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Activated Charcoal, Saccharomyces Boulardii, Chlorella.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs.
  • For scale: 2,059 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking ProBind Select, check the following with your pharmacist: all oral medications (activated charcoal may reduce their absorption — this is a Major interaction), oral contraceptives (Moderate), blood thinners like warfarin (Moderate), photosensitizing drugs that increase sun sensitivity (Moderate), and any antifungal medications you're taking (Minor). The activated charcoal is the broadest concern here.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

ProBind Select is a multi-ingredient probiotic and binding supplement. It's worth considering if you're dealing with certain types of diarrhea or want to support your gut bacteria, but the activated charcoal and chlorella carry meaningful drug interactions you need to check first.

If you take blood thinners like warfarin, antifungals, oral contraceptives, or any regular medications, talk to your pharmacist before starting — the charcoal in particular can reduce how well many drugs work.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 24, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about ProBind Select, straight from the product label.

Brand Moss Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) M177
Net contents 120 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 24, 2025
DSLD ID 334948
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for ProBind Select by Moss Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
4 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
4 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
M177
IngredientAmount% DV
Lactobacillus plantarum0 NP--
Lactobacillus casei0 NP--
Saccharomyces boulardii400 mg--
Lactobacillus rhamnosus0 NP--
Bentonite Clay400 mg--
Charcoal, Activated400 mg--
Chlorella400 mg--
Probiotic Binder Blend29 mg--

Other ingredients: Hypromellose, L-Leucine, Silicon Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: 4 capsules per day, or as directed by your healthcare professional. Take one hour away from prescription medications.

Precautions

Take one hour away from prescription medications. Warning: If you are taking medication, have a medical condition or an upcoming medical procedure, or are pregnant or nursing, consult a physician before using.

If adverse reactions occur, discontinue use & consult your healthcare practitioner.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store sealed in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Moss Nutrition Professional Supplements Est. 1991

Formulation

Broad Spectrum Toxin Binding Formula

Does not contain gluten.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

ProBind Select by Moss Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

ProBind Select label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in ProBind Select by Moss Nutrition

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size4 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Saccharomyces boulardii

Interacts with
40 drugs
400 mg per serving

Saccharomyces boulardii is a beneficial yeast used as a probiotic, with the strongest evidence for preventing and treating certain types of diarrhea,...

Saccharomyces boulardii monograph & interactions

Bentonite Clay

400 mg per serving

Charcoal, Activated

Interacts with
2,027 drugs
400 mg per serving Form: Coconut

Activated charcoal is a highly porous form of carbon that can bind certain substances in the gut, and it is used in hospitals to treat some poisonings...

Charcoal, Activated monograph & interactions

Chlorella

Interacts with
337 drugs
400 mg per serving Form: Chlorella vulgaris

Chlorella is a nutrient-rich freshwater green algae taken as a supplement for general wellness, immune support, and 'detox.' Some small studies sugges...

Chlorella monograph & interactions

Probiotic Binder Blend

Interacts with
182 drugs
29 mg per serving

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy p...

Probiotic Binder Blend monograph & interactions
  • › Lactobacillus plantarum
  • › Lactobacillus casei
  • › Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose, L-Leucine, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

ProBind Select by Moss Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against ProBind Select?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
2,114Drugs
2,022 Major 85 Moderate 7 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Charcoal, Activated 2,027
Chlorella 337
Probiotic Binder Blend 182
Saccharomyces boulardii 40

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in ProBind Select interact with 2,114 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 5 ingredients in ProBind Select interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Charcoal, Activated Chlorella Probiotic Binder Blend Saccharomyces boulardii

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in ProBind Select with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Charcoal, Activated3 drug types · 2,027 drugs

Oral Drugs

Activated charcoal reduces systemic exposure to many drugs, including those that undergo enterohepatic recirculation, regardless of the route of administration.
Activated charcoal adsorbs various drugs and may reduce their absorption and/or half-life. Examples of affected drugs include acetaminophen, aminophylline, amiodarone, atenolol, carbamazepine, dapsone, digoxin, disopyramide, fluoxetine, indomethacin, moxifloxacin, nadolol, phenytoin, phenobarbital, piroxicam, quinine, sotalol, theophylline, tricyclic antidepressants, valproate, and verapamil. Avoid co-administration, except after drug overdose.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Alcohol (Ethanol)

The binding action of activated charcoal may be reduced by alcohol.
Alcohol may lower the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Activated charcoal may reduce the clinical effects of oral contraceptives.
Activated charcoal, taken in a dose of 5 grams four times daily for 3 days, may bind to, and reduce the absorption of, oral contraceptives, thereby limiting their effectiveness and increasing the risk of contraceptive failure. However, some clinical research shows that the risk for this interaction is minimal when activated charcoal is taken either 3 hours after or at least 12 hours before oral contraceptives.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Charcoal, Activated full monograph & interactions

Chlorella2 drug types · 337 drugs

Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Chlorella has been reported to cause photosensitization. In five case reports, patients who had ingested chlorella exhibited swelling followed by erythematopurpuric lesions on sun-exposed areas of the body. Theoretically, concomitant use with photosensitizing drugs may exacerbate effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, chlorella might reduce the clinical effects of warfarin.
Chlorella contains significant amounts of vitamin K. There is at least one case report of warfarin therapy becoming sub-therapeutic after initiation of chlorella supplements.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Chlorella full monograph & interactions

Probiotic Binder Blend1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. acidophilus.
L. acidophilus preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. acidophilus preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Probiotic Binder Blend full monograph & interactions

Saccharomyces boulardii1 drug type · 40 drugs

Antifungals

Theoretically, taking antifungals with Saccharomyces boulardii might decrease the effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii.
S. boulardii is a live yeast. Therefore, simultaneously taking antifungals might kill a significant number of the organisms.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Saccharomyces boulardii full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for ProBind Select, from the product label.

Moss Nutrition

See all Moss Nutrition products
Name
Moss Nutrition Products, Inc.
Street Address
380 Russell Street
City
Hadley
State
MA
ZipCode
01035
Phone Number
800-851-5444
Web Address
www.mossnutrition.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

ProBind Select by Moss Nutrition: Common Questions

Does ProBind Select by Moss Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, ProBind Select has a known interaction with 2,114 medications, including 2022 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
ProBind Select contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this hurt my birth control pills?
The activated charcoal in ProBind Select may reduce how well oral contraceptives work by interfering with their absorption — this is a Moderate interaction. Check with your pharmacist or doctor to see if this product is right for you, or ask about timing it away from your pills.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin for blood clots?
You shouldn't without talking to your doctor first. The chlorella in ProBind Select contains vitamin K, which can reduce warfarin's effectiveness. Your blood-clotting balance could be affected, so this needs professional oversight.
What does Saccharomyces boulardii actually do?
It's a beneficial yeast that's possibly effective for several types of diarrhea — rotaviral, traveler's, antibiotic-associated — as well as C. difficile infection and some other gut issues. If you're taking an antifungal medication, though, it might kill the yeast and reduce the supplement's benefit.
What side effects should I expect?
Activated charcoal commonly causes constipation, black stools, gas, and bloating. Chlorella may cause nausea, cramping, or diarrhea, especially in the first couple of weeks. Saccharomyces boulardii can cause cramping, gas, nausea, or vomiting. Most of these are mild and temporary.
Is this safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
We don't have enough safety data on most of the ingredients to say either way. Activated charcoal is possibly safe in pregnancy but should only be used under medical guidance. Talk with your doctor before taking ProBind Select if you're pregnant or nursing.
Can I take this if I'm immunocompromised or in the hospital?
No — Saccharomyces boulardii should be avoided if you're critically ill or immunocompromised, as serious fungal infections have been reported in those situations. If this applies to you, talk with your doctor about whether this product is appropriate.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if ProBind Select is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

ProBind Select label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind ProBind Select’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Saccharomyces Boulardii

Interacts with 40 drugs

Saccharomyces boulardii is a beneficial yeast used as a probiotic, with the strongest evidence for preventing and treating certain types of diarrhea, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea...

Read the full Saccharomyces Boulardii monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Activated Charcoal

Interacts with 2,027 drugs

Activated charcoal is a highly porous form of carbon that can bind certain substances in the gut, and it is used in hospitals to treat some poisonings and overdoses. For everyday uses like g...

Read the full Activated Charcoal monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Chlorella

Interacts with 337 drugs

Chlorella is a nutrient-rich freshwater green algae taken as a supplement for general wellness, immune support, and 'detox.' Some small studies suggest possible benefits for cholesterol, blo...

Read the full Chlorella monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Interacts with 182 drugs

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy people, and there is reasonable evidence...

Read the full Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

ProBind Select's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 68 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Saccharomyces Boulardii 26 references
  1. Niault M, Thomas F, Prost J, et al. Fungemia due to Saccharomyces species in a patient treated with enteral Saccharomyces boulardii. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:930.
  2. Pletinex M, Legein J, Vandenplas Y. Fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in a 1-year-old girl with protracted diarrhea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995;21:113-5. DOI
  3. Fredenucci I, Chomarat M, Boucaud C, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii fungemia in a patient receiving ultra-levure therapy. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:222-3.
  4. Elmer GW, McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, et al. Behaviour of Saccharomyces boulardii in recurrent Clostridium difficile disease patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:1663-8.
  5. Lewis SJ, Freedman AR. Review article: the use of biotherapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12:807-22. PubMed
  6. Cesaro S, Chinello P, Rossi L, Zanesco L. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a neutropenic patient treated with Saccharomyces boulardii. Support Care Cancer 2000;8:504-5. PubMed
  7. Hennequin C, Thierry A, Richard GF, et al. Microsatellite typing as a new tool for identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:551-9.
  8. Plein K, Hotz J. Therapeutic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on mild residual symptoms in a stable phase of Crohn's disease with special respect to chronic diarrhea - a pilot study. Z Gastroenterol 1993;31:129-34.
  9. Borriello SP, Hammes WP, Holzapfel W, et al. Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:775-80. PubMed
  10. Marteau P, Seksik P. Tolerance of probiotics and prebiotics. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38:S67-9. PubMed
  11. Munoz P, Bouza E, Cuenca-Estrella M, et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1625-34. PubMed
  12. Lherm, T., Monet, C., Nougiere, B., Soulier, M., Larbi, D., Le Gall, C., Caen, D., and Malbrunot, C. Seven cases of fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2002;28(6):797-801. PubMed
  13. Riquelme, A. J., Calvo, M. A., Guzman, A. M., Depix, M. S., Garcia, P., Perez, C., Arrese, M., and Labarca, J. A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia after Saccharomyces boulardii treatment in immunocompromised patients. J Clin.Gastroenterol. 2003;36(1):41- PubMed
  14. Cherifi, S., Robberecht, J., and Miendje, Y. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in an elderly patient with Clostridium difficile colitis. Acta Clin Belg. 2004;59(4):223-224. PubMed
  15. Ellouze O, Berthoud V, Mervant M, Parthiot JP, Girard C. Septic shock due to Sacccaromyces boulardii. Med Mal Infect. 2016;46(2):104-105.
  16. Appel-da-Silva MC, Narvaez GA, Perez LRR, Drehmer L, Lewgoy J. Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii fungemia following probiotic treatment. Med Mycol Case Rep. 2017;18:15-7. PubMed
  17. Atici S, Soysal A, Karadeniz Cerit K, et al. Catheter-related Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fungemia Following Saccharomyces boulardii Probiotic Treatment: In a child in intensive care unit and review of the literature. Med Mycol Case Rep. 2017;15:33-35. PubMed
  18. Martin IW, Tonner R, Trivedi J, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic-associated fungemia: questioning the safety of this preventive probiotic's use. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017;87(3):286-8. PubMed
  19. Romanio MR, Coraine LA, Maielo VP, Abramczyc ML, Souza RL, Oliveira NF. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a pediatric patient after treatment with probiotics. Rev Paul Pediatr 2017;35(3):361-4.
  20. Roy U, Jessani LG, Rudramurthy SM, et al. Seven cases of Saccharomyces fungaemia related to use of probiotics. Mycoses 2017;60(6):375-380.
  21. Romanio MR, Coraine LA, Maielo VP, Abramczyc ML, Souza RL, Oliveira NF. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a pediatric patient after treatment with probiotics. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2017 Jul-Sep;35(3):361-364. doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2017;35;3;00014.
  22. Flatley EA, Wilde AM, Nailor MD. Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of hospital onset Clostridium difficile infection. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2015;24(1):21-4. PubMed
  23. Ventoulis I, Sarmourli T, Amoiridou P, et al. Bloodstream infection by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two COVID-19 patients after receiving supplementation of Saccharomyces in the ICU. J Fungi (Basel). 2020;6(3):98. PubMed
  24. Wombwell E, Bransteitter B, Gillen LR. Incidence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in hospitalised patients administered Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic. Mycoses 2021;64(12):1521-1526.
  25. Rannikko J, Holmberg V, Karppelin M, et al. Fungemia and Other Fungal Infections Associated with Use of Saccharomyces boulardii Probiotic Supplements. Emerg Infect Dis 2021;27(8):2090-6.
  26. Awoyemi A, Mayerhofer C, Felix AS, et al. Rifaximin or Saccharomyces boulardii in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Results from the randomized GutHeart trial. EBioMedicine 2021;70:103511. PubMed

See these in context on the Saccharomyces Boulardii monograph →

Activated Charcoal 14 references
  1. Kaaja RJ, Kontula KK, Raiha A, Laatikainen T. Treatment of cholestasis of pregnancy with peroral activated charcoal. A preliminary study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29:178-81.
  2. Anon. Position statement and practice guidelines on the use of multi-dose activated charcoal in the treatment of acute poisoning. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin T
  3. Park GD, Spector R, Kitt TM. Superactivated charcoal versus cholestyramine for cholesterol lowering: a randomized cross-over trial. J Clin Pharmacol 1988;28:416-9. PubMed
  4. Hoegberg LC, Angelo HR, Christophersen AB, Christensen HR. Effect of ethanol and pH on the adsorption of acetaminophen (paracetamol) to high surface activated charcoal, in vitro studies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002;40:59-67. PubMed
  5. Brahmi N, Kouraichi N, Thabet H, Amamou M. Influence of activated charcoal on the pharmacokinetics and the clinical features of carbamazepine poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2006;24(4):440-3. PubMed
  6. Gude AB, Hoegberg LC, Angelo HR, Christensen HR. Dose-dependent adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for gastrointestinal decontamination of a simulated paracetamol overdose in human volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010;106(5)406-10. PubMed
  7. Wananukul W, Klaikleun S, Sriapha C, Tongpoo A. Effect of activated charcoal in reducing paracetamol absorption at supra-therapeutic dose. J Med Assoc Thai 2010;93(10):1145-9.
  8. Wang Z, Cui M, Tang L, et al. Oral activated charcoal suppresses hyperphosphataemia in haemodialysis patients. Nephrology (Carlton) 2012;17(7):616-20. PubMed
  9. Wang X, Mondal S, Wang J, et al. Effect of activated charcoal on apixaban pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2014;14(2):147-54. PubMed
  10. Chyka PA, Seger D, Krenzelok EP, et al. Position paper: single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2005;43(2):61-87. PubMed
  11. Chiew AL, Gluud C, Brok J, Buckley NA. Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;2:CD003328. PubMed
  12. Elomaa K, Ranta S, Tuominen J, Lähteenmäki P. Charcoal treatment and risk of escape ovulation in oral contraceptive users. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(1):76-81. PubMed
  13. Gao Y, Wang G, Li Y, Lv C, Wang Z. Effects of oral activated charcoal on hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification in Chinese patients with stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol. 2019;32(2):265-72. PubMed
  14. Skov K, Graudal NA, Jürgens G. The effect of activated charcoal on drug exposure following intravenous administration: A meta-analysis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021;128(4):568-578. PubMed

See these in context on the Activated Charcoal monograph →

Chlorella 13 references
  1. Peirce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York, NY: William Morrow and Co., 1999.
  2. Ng TP, Tan WC, Lee YK. Occupational asthma in a pharmacist induced by chlorella, a unicellular algae preparation. Resp Med 1994;88:555-7. PubMed
  3. Jitsukawa K, Suizu R, Hidano A. Chlorella photosensitization. New phytophotodermatosis. Int J Dermatol 1984;23:263-8. PubMed
  4. Merchant RE, Carmack CA, Wise CM. Nutritional supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a pilot study. Phytother Res 2000;14:167-73.
  5. Merchant RE, Rice CD, Young HF. Dietary Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with malignant glioma: effects on immunocompetence, quality of life, and survival. Phytother Res 1990;4:220-31.
  6. Halperin SA, Smith B, Nolan C, et al. Safety and immunoenhancing effect of a Chlorella-derived dietary supplement in healthy adults undergoing influenza vaccination: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CMAJ 2003;169:111-7..
  7. Ohtake, T., Negishi, K., Okamoto, K., Oka, M., Maesato, K., Moriya, H., and Kobayashi, S. Manganese-induced Parkinsonism in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;46(4):749-753. PubMed
  8. Ng, T. P., Tan, W. C., and Lee, Y. K. Occupational asthma in a pharmacist induced by Chlorella, a unicellular algae preparation. Respir.Med. 1994;88(7):555-557. PubMed
  9. Ohkawa, S., Yoneda, Y., Ohsumi, Y., and Tabuchi, M. [Warfarin therapy and chlorella]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1995;35(7):806-807.
  10. Azocar J, Diaz A. Efficacy and safety of chlorella supplementation in adults with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(7):1085-90. PubMed
  11. Panahi Y, Badeli R, Karami GR, Badeli Z, Sahebkar A. A randomized controlled trial of 6-week Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in patients with major depressive disorder. Complement Ther Med 2015;23(4):598-602. PubMed
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See these in context on the Chlorella monograph →

Lactobacillus Acidophilus 15 references
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  2. Begtrup LM, de Muckadell OB, Kjeldsen J, Christensen RD, Jarbøl DE. Long-term treatment with probiotics in primary care patients with irritable bowel syndrome--a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013;48(10):1127-35 PubMed
  3. Chatterjee S, Kar P, Das T, Ray S, Gangulyt S, Rajendiran C, Mitra M. Randomised placebo-controlled double blind multicentric trial on efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12 for prevention of antibiotic-associated
  4. Shavakhi A, Tabesh E, Yaghoutkar A, Hashemi H, Tabesh F, Khodadoostan M,Minakari M, Shavakhi S, Gholamrezaei A. The effects of multistrain probiotic compound on bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized placebo-c
  5. Karamali M, Dadkhah F, Sadrkhanlou M, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Metab 2016;42(4):234-41. PubMed
  6. Badehnoosh B, Karamali M, Zarrati M, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 May;31(9):1128-1136.
  7. Kumar S, Kumar R, Rohilla L, Jacob N, Yadav J, Sachdeva N. A high potency multi-strain probiotic improves glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Pediatr Diabete
  8. Shahriari A, Karimi E, Shahriari M, Aslani N, Khooshideh M, Arab A. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: A parallel double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial PubMed
  9. Xiao SD, Zhang DZ, Lu H, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB in patients with chronic diarrhea. Adv Ther. 2003;20(5):253-60.
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  11. Ozer M, Goksu SY, Shahverdiani A, Mustafa M. Lactobacillus acidophilus-induced endocarditis and associated splenic abscess. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020;2020:1382709.
  12. Sadrin S, Sennoune S, Gout B, et al. A 2-strain mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Dig Liver Dis 2020;52(5):534-540. PubMed
  13. Stoffer JN, Slingsby TJ, Giuliari GP. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab injection requiring intraocular lens explantation. Can J Ophthalmol 2022;57(1):e21-e22. PubMed
  14. Cukovic-Cavka S, Likic R, Francetic I, Rustemovic N, Opacic M, Vucelic B. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a cause of liver abscess in a NOD2/CARD15-positive patient with Crohn's disease. Digestion 2006;73(2-3):107-10.
  15. Hui J, Ren Y, Wang Y, Han Q. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis postcataract operation: A case report with a literature review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023.

See these in context on the Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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