Python Extra By The Vitamin Shoppe Overview & Drug Interactions

Calcium is a vital nutrient found in various foods such as dairy products, certain vegetables, and many fortified items. Over 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the bones and teeth, predominantly as hydroxyapatite. The remaining calcium circulates in the blood, extracellular fluid, muscles, and other tissues, where it is essential for processes like nerve signaling, muscle contraction, vascular activities, glandular secretion, and maintaining cell membrane and capillary permeability. It also plays critical roles in enzyme reactions, respiration, kidney function, and blood clotting, and is involved in neurotransmitter and hormone release, amino acid uptake, vitamin B12 absorption, and gastrin secretion. Calcium balance changes with age: it is positive during periods of growth, stable in adulthood, and tends to become negative in older age. Calcium loss occurs through feces, urine, sweat, and shedding skin cells. In women, reduced estrogen levels decrease calcium absorption and retention, increase bone turnover, and lead to lower bone mass. Calcium supplements come in various forms, including citrate and carbonate, which differ mainly in their calcium content and absorption rates. Calcium citrate is easily absorbed and can be taken without food, making it suitable for older adults or those with low stomach acid. In contrast, calcium carbonate, which contains a higher percentage of calcium, is best absorbed when taken with meals.

Rhodiola is a type of plant native to the Arctic regions of Europe and Asia. It is also known as "golden root" or "arctic root." The roots and rhizomes of Rhodiola are commonly used in dietary supplements for their purported effects as an 'adaptogen', which are used to improve physical and mental performance, reduce fatigue, and enhance the ability to cope with stress. Rhodiola is believed to work by increasing the production of certain chemicals in the brain (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) that are involved in mood and energy regulation. Rhodiola supplements are often standardized to a specific amount of their rosavin and salidroside content.

Damiana (Turnera diffusa) is a small, aromatic shrub native to Central and South America, known for its historical use in traditional medicine and as an aphrodisiac. The plant produces small, yellow flowers and has a long history of traditional use among indigenous peoples. Damiana leaves are commonly dried and brewed as an herbal tea, believed to have mild stimulant and relaxant properties.

Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) is a perennial herb and a member of the carrot family. It has small, white or pink flowers, fan-shaped leaves and is often found growing in damp, marshy areas. The leaves and stems of the gotu kola plant are used in herbal medicine as a natural remedy for a variety of health conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders, amenorrhea, eye conditions, heat stroke, leprosy, liver health, lymphatic obstruction, and infections. It is not to be confused with similarly named plant, Cola Nut, or bacopa.

Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is a plant native to the southeastern United States and a member of the Arecaceae family. It is a small, palm-like tree with fan-shaped leaves that produces small, white flowers. The fruit of the plant is a small, dark purple berry, which is what is used in dietary supplements. In traditional medicine, saw palmetto has been used to treat a variety of health conditions, including prostate problems (such as BPH [benign prostatic hyperplasia]) and urinary tract disorders. It is also claimed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and to improve hair growth.

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is a tree native to Asia and is known for its distinctive fan-shaped leaves. The extract of the ginkgo leaf is commonly used in traditional medicine and is one of the most popular dietary supplements consumed worldwide. Its most common use is to help improve memory and cognitive function.

Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus) is a plant native to Asia and a member of the Araliaceae family. It is also commonly known as 'Siberian ginseng' or 'eleuthero root'. The root of the plant is used in traditional medicine for its purported ability to improve physical and mental performance, boost the immune system, and reduce fatigue. It is also claimed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Eleuthero is often referred to as an 'adaptogen'. Adaptogens are believed to help the body resist stress. It is important to note that although eleuthero is known as 'Siberian ginseng', it is not related to Panax ginseng.

Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a plant native to the Amazon rainforest in South America. The seeds of the guarana plant are used in traditional medicine and as a dietary supplement. Guarana is often marketed as a natural stimulant and is claimed to improve physical performance, increase energy and alertness, and reduce fatigue. It is sometimes added to energy drinks, weight loss supplements, and other products. Guarana seeds typically contain around 3-6% caffeine, although some extracts may contain far more. Guarana, when used in dietary supplements, is often standardized for its caffeine and tannin content.

Schisandra is a plant that is native to parts of Asia, and is known for its small, red berries. These berries are often dried and sold as a dietary supplement to be used as a natural remedy for a wide range of health conditions, including fatigue, anxiety, and respiratory problems. Some people also use schisandra to improve sleep quality and reduce the symptoms of menopause. It is considered an 'adaptogen', which is believed to help the body adapt to stress.

Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) is a perennial flowering plant that belongs to the Urticaceae family. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North America, and is characterized by its green leaves and small, greenish-white flowers. Stinging nettle has small, stinging hairs on its leaves and stems, which can cause a painful rash when touched. The leaves and the roots of stinging nettle have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions such as joint pain, diabetes, enlarged prostate, anemia, and urinary tract infections. It is also used as a diuretic and to help with allergies as it contains the compound quercetin. The leaves and stems of the plant are edible and can be consumed as a vegetable, usually after boiling or steaming to remove the stinging hairs, as the plant is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

Tribulus is a plant that belongs to the Zygophyllaceae family. It is native to a variety of warm and tropical regions of the world, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia. The plant is known for its spiky, star-shaped flowers and hairy fruit, which contains small, hard seeds. Tribulus is often utilized as an ingredient in dietary supplements and is one of the most commonly used natural medicines in the world. Its most well-known use is as an aphrodisiac, with a purported ability to improve libido and sexual function. It has also been used to boost athletic performance, and reduce inflammation. Most often, it is the leaf, fruit, and root of Tribulus that are used as natural medicine. They contain a number of compounds, including protodioscin, which may influence certain hormones, such as testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone.