Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 7 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Basic Vitamins

Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes is a dietary supplement by Basic Vitamins with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for low stomach acid (hypochlorhydria), bloating and gas, indigestion.Based on those ingredients, 710 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Alfalfa, Bromelain, Betaine Hydrochloride. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes by Basic Vitamins

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes by Basic Vitamins — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes by Basic Vitamins

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 24, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 9 active ingredients.

This product contains 9 active ingredients—digestive enzymes plus alfalfa leaf. The three main enzymes are bromelain (breaks down protein), lipase (breaks down fat), and amylase (breaks down carbohydrates), along with papain, protease, lactase (for breaking down milk sugar), and cellulase.

Alfalfa leaf is included as a botanical ingredient. The tablet also contains inactive ingredients—microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, dicalcium phosphate, and croscarmellose sodium—which are fillers and binders that hold the tablet together.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Digestive enzyme support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Dyspepsia, Lactose intolerance, Diarrhea, bloating, gas, indigestion — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Lactase is rated "Effective" for Lactose intolerance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Alfalfa is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Dyspepsia.
  • Also on file: Lipase is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Dyspepsia.

The evidence on these ingredients is limited. Lactase is effective for lactose intolerance—that's established.

For the other ingredients—betaine hydrochloride, papain, bromelain, protease, alfalfa, and lipase—the data we hold shows insufficient reliable evidence to rate them for conditions like indigestion, food allergies, muscle soreness, cancer, or other uses claimed in digestive enzyme products. That doesn't mean they don't work; it means the studies aren't there yet or aren't strong enough to call them proven.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Betaine Hydrochloride Papain Bromelain Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Lactase Alfalfa Lipase

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 7 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Betaine hydrochloride can irritate the stomach and is unsafe for people with ulcers, gastritis, or true acid reflux—it's best avoided in pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Papain is generally tolerated as a food but concentrated supplements may irritate the digestive tract and cause allergic reactions; it's possibly unsafe in pregnancy and not recommended while breastfeeding.

Bromelain is generally well tolerated short-term but long-term safety data is sparse; it should be avoided in pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Protease is generally well tolerated but may cause digestive upset or allergic reactions; safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding isn't established.

Lactase is likely safe in pregnancy and generally well tolerated; limited breastfeeding data exists. Alfalfa is generally food-safe in small amounts but supplements and raw sprouts carry risks; it's possibly unsafe in pregnancy and not recommended in supplement doses while breastfeeding.

Lipase is generally well tolerated but people with serious digestive conditions should use it only under medical guidance; limited pregnancy and breastfeeding data exist.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Betaine Hydrochloride Papain Bromelain Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Lactase Alfalfa Lipase

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Alfalfa, Papain, Betaine Hydrochloride, Bromelain.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 710 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on warfarin or any other blood thinner—alfalfa and papain may increase bleeding risk. Also double-check if you take birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, immunosuppressants, diabetes medications, acid reducers (antacids, H2-blockers, or PPIs), or tetracycline antibiotics.

If you have ulcers, gastritis, or acid reflux, don't use this product without talking to your healthcare provider first.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This enzyme blend is designed for digestive support, and lactase will work for milk-sugar digestion. However, several ingredients carry medication interactions—especially if you take warfarin, birth control, HRT, immunosuppressants, diabetes drugs, or acid reducers—and alfalfa and betaine hydrochloride aren't safe if you have ulcers or gastritis.

If you take any prescription medication, use the tool below to check your exact drugs before you start. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 22, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes, straight from the product label.

Brand Basic Vitamins
Barcode (UPC) 307610134188
Net contents 90 Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 22, 2021
DSLD ID 250375
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes by Basic Vitamins, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Servings per container
90
UPC/BARCODE
307610134188
IngredientAmount% DV
Betaine Hydrochloride3 mg--
Amylase0 NP--
Papain50 mg--
Bromelain50 mg--
Protease0 NP--
Lactase0 NP--
Cellulase0 NP--
Alfalfa50 mg--
Lipase0 NP--

Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Maltodextrin, Dicalcium Phosphate, Croscarmellose Sodium, Contains less than 2% of

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not use if inner seal is missing or broken.

Allergens: Wheat (gluten), soy.

Warning: Not intended for use by pregnant or nursing women. If you are taking any medications, consult your doctor before use.

Discontinue use and consult your doctor if any adverse reactions occur.

Storage

Store in cool, dry room.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Basic's

High quality basics

Formulation

Vegetarian

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Adults, as a dietary supplement take one tablet one to two tines daily with meals or as recommended by your healthcare practitioner.

Formula

Vegetarian Enzyme Complex contains 7 enzymes including Lactase which aids in the digestion of milk products in the dairy intolerant and cellulose to break down fibrous cell wall in plant foods.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes by Basic Vitamins label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes by Basic Vitamins

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Betaine Hydrochloride

Interacts with
36 drugs
3 mg per serving

Betaine hydrochloride is a supplement used to temporarily increase stomach acid in people who may have low acid levels. Evidence for its benefits is l...

Betaine Hydrochloride monograph & interactions

Amylase

0 NP per serving

Papain

Interacts with
2 drugs
50 mg per serving

Papain is a protein-digesting enzyme from the papaya plant that is used in digestive supplements and some topical products. While it has clear food an...

Papain monograph & interactions

Bromelain

Interacts with
141 drugs
50 mg per serving

Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early st...

Bromelain monograph & interactions

Protease

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), tr...

Protease monograph & interactions

Lactase

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Lactase is a digestive enzyme supplement that helps people who lack enough natural lactase break down lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy. It can red...

Lactase monograph & interactions

Cellulase

0 NP per serving

Alfalfa

Interacts with
583 drugs
50 mg per serving

Alfalfa is a nutrient-rich legume that people use for high cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and general wellness, but solid human evidence for most of...

Alfalfa monograph & interactions

Lipase

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy fo...

Lipase monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Maltodextrin, Dicalcium Phosphate, Croscarmellose Sodium, Contains less than 2% of. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes by Basic Vitamins Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
710Drugs
2 Major 676 Moderate 32 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Alfalfa 583
Bromelain 141
Betaine Hydrochloride 36
Papain 2

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes interact with 710 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 9 ingredients in Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Alfalfa Bromelain Betaine Hydrochloride Papain

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Alfalfa6 drug types · 583 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, alfalfa might reduce the anticoagulant activity of warfarin.
Alfalfa contains a large amount of vitamin K. This could theoretically interfere with the activity of warfarin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, alfalfa might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that alfalfa decreases blood sugar in diabetic mice. Also, in one case report, a diabetic patient experienced hypoglycemia after consuming alfalfa extract. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with the activity of contraceptive drugs.
Alfalfa contains coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, and isoflavonoids, which have estrogenic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with hormone therapy.
Alfalfa contains coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, and isoflavonoids, which have estrogenic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, alfalfa might decrease the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy.
In vitro research and human case reports suggest that alfalfa may have immunostimulant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that excessive doses of alfalfa may increase photosensitivity, possibly due to its chlorophyll content. It is unclear if this effect would be clinically relevant in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Alfalfa full monograph & interactions

Bromelain2 drug types · 141 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There is one case report of a patient experiencing minor bruising while taking bromelain with naproxen. Bromelain is thought to have antiplatelet activity. Whether this interaction is of concern with topical bromelain is unclear. Interference with coagulation of burn wounds has been reported in a patient receiving bromelain-based enzymatic debridement. However, observational research has found that topical bromelain debridement is not associated with increases or decreases in laboratory markers of coagulation when compared with surgical debridement.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Laboratory research suggests that bromelain might increase the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. However, a study in healthy adults reported no difference in tetracycline plasma levels when a 500 mg dose was taken with or without bromelain 80 mg.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Bromelain full monograph & interactions

Betaine Hydrochloride3 drug types · 36 drugs

Antacids

Betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity and could decrease the effects of antacids.
In human research, betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity. Antacids are taken to decrease stomach acidity. Theoretically, taking betaine hydrochloride along with antacids might decrease the effects of the antacids.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
H2-Blockers

Betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity and could decrease the effects of H2-blockers.
In human research, betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity. H2-blockers are used to decrease stomach acidity. Theoretically, taking betaine hydrochloride along with H2-blockers might decrease the effects of H2-blockers.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Proton Pump Inhibitors (Ppis)

Betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity and could decrease the effects of PPIs.
In human research, betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity. PPIs are used to decrease stomach acidity. Theoretically, taking betaine hydrochloride along with PPIs might decrease the effects of PPIs

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Betaine Hydrochloride full monograph & interactions

Papain1 drug type · 2 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, papain might increase the effects and side effects of warfarin.
In one case report, a patient previously stable on warfarin was found to have an international normalization ratio (INR) of 7.4, which was attributed to ingestion of a supplement containing papain from papaya extract.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Papain full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes, from the product label.

Basic Vitamins

See all Basic Vitamins products
Name
Basic Drugs, Inc.
City
Vandalia
State
OH
ZipCode
45377
Phone Number
937-898-4010
Web Address
www.basicvitamins.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes by Basic Vitamins: Common Questions

Does Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes by Basic Vitamins interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes has a known interaction with 710 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Not safely. Betaine hydrochloride, papain, bromelain, and alfalfa are best avoided in pregnancy due to safety concerns or lack of adequate safety data. Protease and lipase also haven't been well studied in pregnancy. Talk with your doctor before taking this product if you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Safety data while breastfeeding is limited or not established for most of these ingredients. Betaine hydrochloride, papain, and bromelain are best avoided. Protease and lipase aren't well studied either. Check with your doctor or pharmacist first.
What does lactase do in this product?
Lactase breaks down lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy products. It's effective for people with lactose intolerance and is the one ingredient in this blend with solid evidence backing its use.
Will this help with my indigestion?
The evidence doesn't establish whether most of these digestive enzymes work for indigestion. While bromelain, papain, and protease are included in digestive enzyme products, the studies aren't strong enough to call them proven for that use. Talk with your doctor about what might actually help your symptoms.
Are there any common side effects?
Bromelain commonly causes diarrhea, gas, and stomach upset when taken orally. Betaine hydrochloride may cause heartburn. Papain and protease may trigger allergic reactions in sensitive people. Alfalfa often causes gas, bloating, and loose stools, especially in the first week.
Is this safe if I have an ulcer?
No. Betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity and is unsafe for people with ulcers, gastritis, or true acid reflux. Don't use this product if you have these conditions without talking to your doctor.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Betaine Hydrochloride

Interacts with 36 drugs

Betaine hydrochloride is a supplement used to temporarily increase stomach acid in people who may have low acid levels. Evidence for its benefits is limited and mostly based on tradition rat...

Read the full Betaine Hydrochloride monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Papain

Interacts with 2 drugs

Papain is a protein-digesting enzyme from the papaya plant that is used in digestive supplements and some topical products. While it has clear food and laboratory uses, strong human evidence...

Read the full Papain monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bromelain

Interacts with 141 drugs

Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early studies are promising, but the overall evi...

Read the full Bromelain monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...

Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lactase

Lactase is a digestive enzyme supplement that helps people who lack enough natural lactase break down lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy. It can reduce gas, bloating, cramping, and diarrhe...

Read the full Lactase monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Alfalfa

Interacts with 583 drugs

Alfalfa is a nutrient-rich legume that people use for high cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and general wellness, but solid human evidence for most of these uses is limited. It is best avoid...

Read the full Alfalfa monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lipase

Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...

Read the full Lipase monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Vegetarian Digestive Enzymes's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 69 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Betaine Hydrochloride 2 references
  1. Yago MR, Frymoyer A, Benet LZ, Smelick GS, Frassetto LA, Ding X, Dean B, Salphati L, Budha N, Jin JY, Dresser MJ, Ware JA. The use of betaine HCl to enhance dasatinib absorption in healthy volunteers with rabeprazole-induced hypochlorhydria. AAPS J. 2014 PubMed
  2. Yago MR, Frymoyer AR, Smelick GS, Frassetto LA, Budha NR, Dresser MJ, Ware JA, Benet LZ. Gastric reacidification with betaine HCl in healthy volunteers with rabeprazole-induced hypochlorhydria. Mol Pharm. 2013 Nov 4;10(11):4032-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Betaine Hydrochloride monograph →

Papain 11 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, Murray V. Traditional remedies and food supplements: a 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf 1997;17:342-56.
  3. Shuttleworth D, Hill S, Marks R, Connelly DM. Relief of experimentally induced pruritus with a novel eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic agents. Br J Dermatol 1988;119:535-40.
  4. Mansfield LE, Ting S, Haverly RW, Yoo TJ. The incidence and clinical implications of hypersensitivity to papain in an allergic population, confirmed by blinded oral challenge. Ann Allergy 1985;55:541-3.
  5. Martin, T., Uhder, K., Kurek, R., Roeddiger, S., Schneider, L., Vogt, H. G., Heyd, R., and Zamboglou, N. Does prophylactic treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduce acute toxicity of adjuvant pelvic irradiation? Results of a double-blind randomized trial PubMed
  6. Walker-Renard, P. Update on the medicinal management of phytobezoars. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(10):1663-1666.
  7. Tymoszuk D, Wiszniewska M, Walusiak-Skorupa J. Papain-induced occupational rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma - A case report. Med Pr 2016;67(1):109-12. PubMed
  8. Soto-Mera MT, López-Rico MR, Filgueira JF, et al. Occupational allergy to papain. Allergy 2000;55(10):983-4. PubMed
  9. Tarlo SM, Shaikh W, Bell B, et al. Papain-induced allergic reactions. Clin Allergy 1978;8(3):207-15. PubMed
  10. Baur X, König G, Bencze K, Fruhmann G. Clinical symptoms and results of skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test in thirty-three papain workers: Evidence for strong immunogenic potency and clinically relevant proteolytic e?ects of airborne papain. C
  11. Novey HS, Keenan WJ, Fairshter RD, Wells ID, Wilson AF, Culver BD. Pulmonary disease in workers exposed to papain: clinico-physiological and immunological studies. Clin Allergy 1980;10(6):721-31. PubMed

See these in context on the Papain monograph →

Bromelain 19 references
  1. Nettis E, Napoli G, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. IgE-mediated allergy to bromelain. Allergy 2001;56:257-8. PubMed
  2. Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;22:191-203.. PubMed
  3. Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ. The effect of bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:552-4. PubMed
  4. Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
  5. Brien S, Lewith G, Walker AF, et al. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM 2006;99:841-50. PubMed
  6. Mori S, Ojima Y, Hirose T, et al. The clinical effect of proteolytic enzyme containing bromelain and trypsin on urinary tract infection evaluated by double blind method. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1972;19:147-53.
  7. Glaser D, Hilberg T. The influence of bromelain on platelet count and platelet activity in vitro. Platelets 2006;17:37-41. PubMed
  8. Heinicke R M, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia 1972;28:844-5. PubMed
  9. Gailhofer, G., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Smolle, J., and Ludvan, M. Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. Clin Allergy 1988;18(5):445-450. PubMed
  10. Mattei, O., Fabri, G., and Farina, G. [Occupational health experience regarding four cases of asthma due to bromelain (author's transl)]. Medicina del Lavoro 1979;70(5):404-409.
  11. Galleguillos, F. and Rodriguez, J. C. Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation. Clin Allergy 1978;8(1):21-24. PubMed
  12. Perez-Camo I, Quirce S, Duran MA, and et al. Latex allergy: evidence of cross-reactivity with papain and bromelain [abstract]. Allergy 1996;51(suppl 31):48.
  13. Martin GJ, Ehrenreich J, and Asbell N. Bromelain: pineapple proteases with anti-edema activity. Exp Med Surg 1962;20:227-247.
  14. Kasemsuk T, Saengpetch N, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Improved WOMAC score following 16-week treatment with bromelain for knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Oct;35(10):2531-40. PubMed
  15. Kutlu Ö, DemirbaS A, Elmas ÖF, Güvenç U, Metin A. Fixed drug eruption: a new side effect of bromelain. Contact Dermatitis 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  16. Shoham Y, Shapira E, Haik J, et al. Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds: Results of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2021;29(6):899-907. PubMed
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Lactase 1 reference
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Lipase 1 reference
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See these in context on the Lipase monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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