Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Elder-Immune+ Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by ZHOU

Elder-Immune+ label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Elder-Immune+ against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Elder-Immune+ is a dietary supplement by ZHOU with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for colds, flu (influenza), other respiratory infections.Based on those ingredients, 1,142 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Elderberry Apitherapy Formula. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Elder-Immune+ by ZHOU

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Elder-Immune+ by ZHOU — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Elder-Immune+ by ZHOU

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 23, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “Elderberry Apitherapy Formula” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (6.20 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.

Elder-Immune+ is a 5-ingredient liquid formula combining organic apple cider vinegar, organic elderberry concentrate, an elderberry apitherapy blend (a combination product with bee-derived ingredients), organic raw honey, propolis tincture, and echinacea purpurea tincture. The formula is held in water and pure cane alcohol.

The product's active ingredients are traditional immune-support botanicals and bee products. Apple cider vinegar is included for its potential effects on glucose and digestion; honey is used for possible benefits in cough and oral healing; propolis (a bee-derived resin) and echinacea are added for their traditional immune roles.

The elderberry and apitherapy blend contribute additional antioxidant and immune-supporting compounds.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Traditional formula for superior immune support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Common cold, Influenza, Lower respiratory tract infections, Cough, Upper respiratory infections, Sore throat — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Honey is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cough (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Propolis is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Common cold.
  • Also on file: Echinacea is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Influenza.

The evidence is mixed and limited for most of what's in this formula. Honey shows possibly effective evidence for cough, cold sores, oral mouth sores (oral mucositis), burns, and dry eye — that's the strongest claim in the product.

Propolis also rates possibly effective for oral mouth sores, cold sores, and diabetes. Apple cider vinegar, echinacea, and elderberry all lack reliable evidence in our data — their effectiveness for things like acne, athletic performance, cognitive function, anxiety, and attention problems hasn't been established.

If you're considering Elder-Immune+ for immune support generally, the evidence we hold doesn't establish that claim for most of these ingredients.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Elderberry Apple Cider Vinegar Honey Propolis Echinacea

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Honey is generally well tolerated as a food for anyone over 1 year old and is likely safe in pregnancy. Apple cider vinegar in food amounts is usually fine, but large or long-term medicinal doses carry caution — rare serious effects like low potassium, bone loss, and high renin levels have been reported with chronic overuse, and topical use can cause chemical burns.

Propolis is well tolerated short-term but carries allergy risk, especially in people sensitive to bee products; the data advises against it in pregnancy and lactation. Echinacea is well tolerated short-term but may cause allergic reactions, particularly in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants; rare cases of liver inflammation have been reported.

We have no safety data on file for organic elderberry concentrate. Common mild side effects across these ingredients include nausea, stomach upset, headache, and skin irritation.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Elderberry Apple Cider Vinegar Honey Propolis Echinacea

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Propolis, Honey, Apple Cider Vinegar, Echinacea.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 1,143 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Elder-Immune+, double-check with your pharmacist or doctor if you take any of the following: diuretic drugs or potassium-depleting water pills (apple cider vinegar may worsen low potassium), digoxin or other heart medications (apple cider vinegar may raise toxicity risk), insulin or diabetes drugs (may increase low blood sugar risk), blood thinners like warfarin or antiplatelet drugs (propolis and honey may increase bleeding risk), phenytoin seizure medication, drugs metabolized by your liver's CYP450 enzymes (propolis and echinacea may alter levels), immunosuppressants (echinacea may interfere), or etoposide cancer treatment. These span the most serious interactions documented for this product's ingredients.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Elder-Immune+ combines traditional immune-support ingredients with the strongest evidence backing honey's role in cough and oral healing. If you take blood thinners, heart medications, diabetes drugs, or anything metabolized by your liver, check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting — the interactions are real and could affect how your medicines work.

People sensitive to bee products should skip this or confirm it's safe with their provider first. It's a reasonable choice for short-term immune support in otherwise healthy adults, but talk it over with your own healthcare provider to make sure it fits your situation.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 23, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Elder-Immune+, straight from the product label.

Brand ZHOU
Barcode (UPC) 669191899710
Net contents 8 Fluid Ounce(s); 236 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 23, 2021
DSLD ID 249993
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic, Gluten Free, Children more than 1 but less than 4
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Elder-Immune+ by ZHOU, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
5 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
5 mL
Servings per container
47
UPC/BARCODE
669191899710
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates3 Gram(s)1%
Sugar3 Gram(s)--
Added Sugars3 Gram(s)6%
organic Apple Cider Vinegar0 NP--
organic Elderberry concentrate0 NP--
Elderberry Apitherapy Formula6.2 Gram(s)--
organic raw Honey0 NP--
Propolis Tincture0 NP--
Echinacea purpurea tincture0 NP--

Other ingredients: Water, pure Cane Alcohol

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Greatness by Nature

#howizhou Facebook Instagram

Formulation

Traditional formula for superior immune support

V Vegetarian

Gluten free Made with Non-GMO Ingredients

Certified Organic by Utah Dept. of Agriculture & Food

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Shake well. Take 1 teaspoon every two hours as needed. Do not exceed 3 servings per day. Use only as directed by a healthcare professional.

Precautions

Caution: Do not exceed recommended dose.

Consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement, especially pregnant or nursing mothers, children under 18 and individuals with a known medical condition.

Consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement, expecially pregnant or nursing mothers, children under 18 and individuals with a known medical condition. Do not give to children under 1 year of age.

Bee products may cause an allergic reaction in some people.

Keep out of reach of children.

Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Formula

Made with organic elderberry syrup, raw honey & apple cider vinegar

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Seals/Symbols

Lab Verified Made in the USA with Global Ingredients

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Elder-Immune+ by ZHOU label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Elder-Immune+ label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Elder-Immune+ by ZHOU

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size5 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container47 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

3 Gram(s) per serving

Elderberry Apitherapy Formula

Interacts with
121 drugs
6.2 Gram(s) per serving

Elderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu sym...

Elderberry Apitherapy Formula monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Pure Cane Alcohol. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Elder-Immune+ by ZHOU Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Elder-Immune+?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,142Drugs
1,086 Moderate 56 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Elderberry Apitherapy Formula 121

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Elder-Immune+ interact with 1,142 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 2 ingredients in Elder-Immune+ interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Elderberry Apitherapy Formula

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Elder-Immune+ with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Elderberry Apitherapy Formula2 drug types · 121 drugs

Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Elderberry has immunostimulant activity, increasing the production of cytokines, including interleukin and tumor necrosis factor.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Pazopanib (Votrient)

Theoretically, elderberry might interact with pazopanib, potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects.
In one case, a 65-year-old patient taking pazopanib for 4 weeks for soft-tissue sarcoma developed severe nausea, loose stools, and elevated alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels and was diagnosed with grade 3 liver injury. The patient reported taking elderberry supplements for 2 years, dose unspecified, and was also taking a multivitamin and a calcium supplement. The patient's symptoms and liver enzyme levels improved upon discontinuation of pazopanib and all supplements. Pazopanib treatment was re-initiated, at a lower dose, with no further evidence of liver injury. It was unclear in this case report if the elderberry supplements were derived from the berry, the flower, or the combination.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Elderberry Apitherapy Formula full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Elder-Immune+, from the product label.

ZHOU

See all ZHOU products
Name
ZHOU Nutrition Zhou, Inc.
City
Park City
State
UT
ZipCode
84098
Phone Number
1-855-700-9468
Web Address
zhounutrition.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Elder-Immune+ by ZHOU: Common Questions

Does Elder-Immune+ by ZHOU interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Elder-Immune+ has a known interaction with 1,142 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Elder-Immune+ contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is Elder-Immune+ safe to take while pregnant?
Honey is likely safe in pregnancy, but propolis should be avoided — the data advises against it. Apple cider vinegar in food amounts is probably fine, but large medicinal doses aren't well studied in pregnancy. Echinacea and elderberry evidence is limited. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you during pregnancy.
Can I take Elder-Immune+ while breastfeeding?
Honey eaten by a breastfeeding mother is considered safe, and propolis is possibly safe during lactation. There isn't enough data on file for echinacea, apple cider vinegar, or elderberry in breastfeeding. Check with your provider about medicinal use, especially in larger amounts.
What does honey in this formula do?
Honey is included for its possibly effective evidence in cough, cold sores, oral mouth sores, burns, and dry eye. It's also generally well tolerated and safe as a food ingredient.
Will Elder-Immune+ help my immune system?
The data we hold doesn't establish that apple cider vinegar, echinacea, or elderberry boost immunity — insufficient evidence for that claim. Honey has possibly effective evidence for cough and oral healing, and propolis for oral mouth sores. If immune support is your main goal, the evidence backing most ingredients in this formula is limited.
Can I take Elder-Immune+ if I'm sensitive to bee products?
This product contains honey and propolis, both bee-derived ingredients. Allergic reactions are possible, especially in people sensitive to bee products. Avoid it or confirm with your doctor first if you have a known bee or bee-product allergy.
What are the most common side effects?
Mild side effects from these ingredients include nausea, stomach upset, headache, rash, diarrhea, and constipation. Serious allergic reactions are rare but possible, especially with propolis or echinacea in sensitive people. Stop and seek care if you notice hives, swelling, trouble breathing, or chest pain.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Elder-Immune+ label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Elder-Immune+’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Elderberry

Interacts with 121 drugs

Elderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu symptoms, but the evidence is limited and n...

Read the full Elderberry monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Apple Cider Vinegar

Interacts with 162 drugs

Apple cider vinegar is a fermented apple product that many people use hoping to help with blood sugar, weight, or digestion. The evidence for most of these uses is limited and mixed, and the...

Read the full Apple Cider Vinegar monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Honey

Interacts with 736 drugs

Honey is a natural food with some real, modest evidence for easing coughs and helping certain wounds, especially when special medical-grade or Manuka honey is used. It is generally safe for...

Read the full Honey monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Propolis

Interacts with 921 drugs

Propolis is a natural, resin-like substance made by bees that has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in lab studies. Early research suggests it may help with cold sores, mouth so...

Read the full Propolis monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Echinacea

Interacts with 816 drugs

Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at best. It is generally well tolerated for sh...

Read the full Echinacea monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Elder-Immune+'s label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 129 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Apple Cider Vinegar 11 references
  1. Lhotta K, Hofle G, Gasser R, Finkenstedt G. Hypokalemia, hyperreninemia, and osteoporosis in a patient ingesting large amounts of cider vinegar. Nephron 1998;80:242-3. PubMed
  2. Hill LL, Woodruff LH, Foote JC, Barreto-Alcoba M. Esophageal injury by apple cider vinegar tablets and subsequent evaluation of products. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105:1141-4. PubMed
  3. Hlebowicz J, Darwiche G, Björgell O, Almér LO. Effect of apple cider vinegar on delayed gastric emptying in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. BMC Gastroenterol 2007;7:46. PubMed
  4. Johnston CS, Kim CM, Buller AJ. Vinegar improves insulin sensitivity to a high-carbohydrate meal in subjects with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:281-2. PubMed
  5. Lhotta, K., Hofle, G., Gasser, R., and Finkenstedt, G. Hypokalemia, hyperreninemia and osteoporosis in a patient ingesting large amounts of cider vinegar. Nephron 1998;80(2):242-243. PubMed
  6. Bunick CG, Lott JP, Warren CB, et al. Chemical burn from topical apple cider vinegar. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67(4):e143-4. PubMed
  7. Feldstein S, Afshar M, Krakowski AC. Chemical Burn from Vinegar Following an Internet-based Protocol for Self-removal of Nevi. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015 Jun;8(6):50.
  8. Luu LA, Flowers RH, Kellams AL, et al. Apple cider vinegar soaks [0.5%] as a treatment for atopic dermatitis do not improve skin barrier integrity. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019;36(5):634-639. PubMed
  9. Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Najafgholizadeh A, Clark CCT, Esmaillzadeh A. The effect of apple cider vinegar on lipid profiles and glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021;21(1):179. PubMed
  10. Feise NK, Johnston CS. Commercial vinegar tablets do not display the same physiological benefits for managing postprandial glucose concentrations as liquid vinegar. J Nutr Metab 2020;2020:9098739. PubMed
  11. Gheflati A, Bashiri R, Ghadiri-Anari A, Reza JZ, Kord MT, Nadjarzadeh A. The effect of apple vinegar consumption on glycemic indices, blood pressure, oxidative stress, and homocysteine in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: A randomized contro

See these in context on the Apple Cider Vinegar monograph →

Elderberry 6 references
  1. Barak V, Halperin T, Kalickman I. The effect of Sambucol, a black elderberry-based, natural product, on the production of human cytokines: I. Inflammatory cytokines. Eur Cytokine Netw 2001;12:290-6..
  2. Elderberry (Sambucus species). The Poison Plant Patch, Novia Scotia Museum, 2007. Available at: http://museum.gov.ns.ca/poison/?section=species&id=117 (Accessed 16 October 2009).
  3. European elder. Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System. Available at: http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/ppack.jump?p_null=all&p_psn=121&p_type=all&p_sci=comm&p_x=px (Accessed 16 October 2009).
  4. Raus K, Pleschka S, Klein P, Schoop R, Fisher P. Effect of an echinacea-based hot drink versus oseltamivir in Influenza treatment: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, noninferiority clinical trial. . Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2015;20;77:6 PubMed
  5. Ramachandran A, Antala D, Pudasainee P, Panginikkod S, Gupta H. A Plausible Association Between the Use of Elderberry and Autoimmune Hepatitis. Cureus 2022;14(4):e24250. PubMed
  6. Agarwal N, Mangla A. Elderberry interaction with pazopanib in a patient with soft-tissue sarcoma: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol 2024;20(5):36. PubMed

See these in context on the Elderberry monograph →

Honey 40 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. Bose B. Honey or sugar in treatment of infected wounds? Lancet 1982;1:963. PubMed
  4. Ozhan H, Akdemir R, Yazici M, et al. Cardiac emergencies caused by honey ingestion: a single centre experience. Emerg Med J 2004;21:742-4. PubMed
  5. Centers for Disease Control. Botulism in the Unites Sates, 1899-1996. Handbook for epidemiologists, clinicians, and laboratory workers, 1998. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/botulism.PDF.
  6. Simon A, Traynor K, Santos K, et al. Medical honey for wound care - still the 'latest resort'? Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2009;6:165-73. PubMed
  7. Gethin G, Cowman S. Case series of use of Manuka honey in leg ulceration. Int Wound J 2005;2:10-15. PubMed
  8. Ingle R, Levin J, Polinder K. Wound healing with honey - a randomised controlled trial. S Afr Med J 2006;96:831-5.
  9. Johnson DW, van Eps C, Mudge DW, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of topical exit-site application of honey (Medihoney) versus mupirocin for the prevention of catheter-associated infections in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:1456-62. PubMed
  10. Sukriti and Garg, S. K. Influence of honey on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in rabbits. Ind J Pharmacol 2002;34(147).
  11. Jung, A. and Ottosson, J. [Infantile botulism caused by honey]. Ugeskr Laeger 2001;163(2):169.
  12. Gunduz, A., Turedi, S., Uzun, H., and Topbas, M. Mad honey poisoning. Am J Emerg.Med 2006;24(5):595-598.
  13. van der Vorst, M. M., Jamal, W., Rotimi, V. O., and Moosa, A. Infant botulism due to consumption of contaminated commercially prepared honey. First report from the Arabian Gulf States. Med Princ.Pract. 2006;15(6):456-458. PubMed
  14. Tushar, T., Vinod, T., Rajan, S., Shashindran, C., and Adithan, C. Effect of honey on CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzyme activity in healthy human volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007;100(4):269-272. PubMed
  15. Nilforoushzadeh, M. A., Jaffary, F., Moradi, S., Derakhshan, R., and Haftbaradaran, E. Effect of topical honey application along with intralesional injection of glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. BMC Complement Altern Med 2007;7:13. PubMed
  16. Koca, I. and Koca, A. F. Poisoning by mad honey: a brief review. Food Chem Toxicol 2007;45(8):1315-1318. PubMed
  17. Akinci, S., Arslan, U., Karakurt, K., and Cengel, A. An unusual presentation of mad honey poisoning: acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2008;129(2):e56-e58. PubMed
  18. Yildirim, N., Aydin, M., Cam, F., and Celik, O. Clinical presentation of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the course of intoxication with mad honey. Am J Emerg Med 2008;26(1):108.e-2. PubMed
  19. Shrestha, P., Vaidya, R., and Sherpa, K. Mad honey poisoning: a rare case report of seven cases. Nepal Med Coll J 2009;11(3):212-213.
  20. Fetzner, L., Burhenne, J., Weiss, J., Völker, M., Unger, M., Mikus, G., and Haefeli, W. E. Daily honey consumption does not change CYP3A activity in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2011;51(8):1223-1232. PubMed
  21. Thamboo, A., Thamboo, A., Philpott, C., Javer, A., and Clark, A. Single-blind study of manuka honey in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011;40(3):238-243.
  22. Ahmed, A., Khan, R. A., Azim, M. K., Saeed, S. A., Mesaik, M. A., Ahmed, S., and Imran, I. Effect of natural honey on human platelets and blood coagulation proteins. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2011;24(3):389-397.
  23. Yarlioglues, M., Akpek, M., Ardic, I., Elcik, D., Sahin, O., and Kaya, M. G. Mad-honey sexual activity and acute inferior myocardial infarctions in a married couple. Tex.Heart Inst.J 2011;38(5):577-580.
  24. Biberoglu, S., Biberoglu, K., and Komsuoglu, B. Mad honey. JAMA 4-1-1988;259(13):1943.
  25. Biberoglu, K., Biberoglu, S., and Komsuoglu, B. Transient Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome during honey intoxication. Isr.J.Med.Sci. 1988;24(4-5):253-254.
  26. Gössinger, H., Hruby, K., Pohl, A., Davogg, S., Sutterlütti, G., and Mathis, G. [Poisoning with andromedotoxin-containing honey]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1983;108(41):1555-1558.
  27. Fenicia, L., Ferrini, A. M., Aureli, P., and Pocecco, M. A case of infant botulism associated with honey feeding in Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 1993;9(6):671-673. PubMed
  28. Sutlupinar, N., Mat, A., and Satganoglu, Y. Poisoning by toxic honey in Turkey. Arch.Toxicol. 1993;67(2):148-150. PubMed
  29. von Malottki, K. and Wiechmann, H. W. [Acute life-threatening bradycardia: food poisoning by Turkish wild honey]. Dtsch.Med.Wochenschr. 7-26-1996;121(30):936-938.
  30. Abdulla CO, Ayubi A, Zulfiquer F, Santhanam G, Ahmed MA, Deeb J. Infant botulism following honey ingestion. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Sep 7;2012.
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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