Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 8 of 12 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

GB - Plus Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Nutri-West

GB - Plus label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking GB - Plus against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

GB - Plus is a dietary supplement by Nutri-West with 12 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for sleep quality and insomnia, relaxation, cognitive function.Based on those ingredients, 1,034 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Red Beet, Niacinamide, concentrated Russian Black Radish. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against GB - Plus by Nutri-West

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with GB - Plus by Nutri-West — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of GB - Plus by Nutri-West

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 12 of its 12 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

GB - Plus is a 12-ingredient tablet combining digestive and nutritional support. The active ingredients include glycine (an amino acid), red beet (beetroot), niacinamide (vitamin B3), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B1, pepsin (a protein-digesting enzyme), ox bile concentrate, duodenum tissue, liver extract, pancreas tissue, collinsonia (stone root), and concentrated Russian black radish.

The product contains no inactive fillers or other added ingredients.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Pellagra — rated "Likely Effective" (Niacinamide) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Athletic performance — rated "Possibly Effective" (Beet) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Exercise-induced muscle soreness — rated "Possibly Effective" (Beet) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Schizophrenia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Glycine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Acne — rated "Possibly Effective" (Niacinamide) (Natural Medicines).

Effectiveness data varies widely across ingredients. Niacinamide is likely effective for pellagra and possibly effective for acne, osteoarthritis, and diabetes.

Vitamin B2 is a B vitamin with established nutritional roles, though specific therapeutic claims are not rated in our data. Red beet is possibly effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness.

Glycine is possibly effective for schizophrenia but has insufficient evidence for ADHD, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or cystic fibrosis. Liver extract is possibly ineffective for chronic fatigue syndrome and has insufficient evidence for hepatitis C.

For radish, biliary and diabetes effects are not yet established in reliable evidence. Pepsin, stone root, duodenum, and pancreas tissue lack effectiveness ratings in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Glycine Beet Niacinamide Riboflavin Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Liver Extract Stone Root Radish

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 8 of the 8 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 8 of 8.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 8 of 8.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most ingredients are generally well tolerated at typical doses. Niacinamide is usually well tolerated at recommended amounts, though high doses can cause dizziness, drowsiness, itching, gastrointestinal upset, headache, and rash.

Vitamin B2 is very safe; excess is cleared through urine. Red beet as a food is safe for most adults, though concentrated supplements lack safety data; rare serious effects at large doses include low calcium (hypocalcemia) and kidney damage.

Glycine is generally well tolerated but has limited long-term safety data and may rarely cause mild sedation, irritability, insomnia, or digestive upset. Pepsin may cause allergic reactions or digestive upset in some people.

Stone root has little safety data and large amounts may cause intestinal irritation, colic-like pain, dizziness, and nausea. Liver extract carries concerns about vitamin A and iron content and potential contamination from raw animal sources; no adverse reactions have been formally reported.

For pregnancy and lactation: niacinamide at normal dietary amounts is likely safe; vitamin B2 is needed during pregnancy and breastfeeding at recommended doses; glycine, red beet, pepsin, stone root, radish, and liver extract lack sufficient safety data or are advised against—discuss with your doctor or pharmacist before use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Glycine Beet Niacinamide Riboflavin Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Liver Extract Stone Root Radish

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 8 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beet, Radish, Riboflavin, Liver Extract, Glycine, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,035 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking GB - Plus, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on any of these: warfarin or other blood thinners (niacinamide and liver extract may affect clotting); carbamazepine or primidone for seizures (niacinamide may raise levels); anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, especially on hemodialysis (niacinamide risk); tetracycline antibiotics (vitamin B2 may reduce effectiveness); diabetes medications (radish may lower blood sugar); medications broken down by CYP3A4 enzymes (red beet may raise levels); or clozapine for schizophrenia (glycine may worsen symptoms). Altogether, these interactions span 1,035 individual medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

GB - Plus is a digestive-support blend best suited for adults without seizure disorders, bleeding disorders, or diabetes who aren't on warfarin, tetracycline antibiotics, or hemodialysis. If you take any blood thinners, seizure medications, diabetes drugs, or antibiotics, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product.

Even if you don't take regular medications, run your prescriptions through our interaction checker to be sure.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 8 of 12 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 24, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about GB - Plus, straight from the product label.

Brand Nutri-West
Net contents 90 Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 24, 2021
DSLD ID 252289
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for GB - Plus by Nutri-West, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Servings per container
90
IngredientAmount% DV
Glycine50 mg--
Red Beet25 mg--
Niacinamide5 mg25%
Vitamin B22 mg120%
Vitamin B12 mg135%
Pepsin30 mg--
Ox Bile concentrate135 mg--
Duodenum5 mg--
Liver30 mg--
Pancreas20 mg--
Collinsonia310 mg--
concentrated Russian Black Radish20 mg--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

For distribution by health care professionals only.

“When you want the best”

For nutritional information, call 1-307-358-5066

Formulation

Contains no starch, salt, sugar, wheat, corn, yeast, soy, milk, or preservatives.

Storage

Store in cool, dry place.

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children.

Tamper resistant outer seal – do not use if broken.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions for use: One tablet daily or as directed.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

GB - Plus by Nutri-West label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

GB - Plus label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in GB - Plus by Nutri-West

These are the 12 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Glycine

Interacts with
1 drug
50 mg per serving

Glycine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes on its own and that also appears in protein-rich foods. It is most studied for improving sleep q...

Glycine monograph & interactions

Red Beet

Interacts with
861 drugs
25 mg per serving

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some peopl...

Red Beet monograph & interactions

Niacinamide

Interacts with
124 drugs
5 mg per serving

Niacinamide (also called nicotinamide) is a form of vitamin B3 used in supplements and skin-care products. It is well established for preventing and t...

Niacinamide monograph & interactions

Vitamin B2

Interacts with
20 drugs
2 mg per serving

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally...

Vitamin B2 monograph & interactions

Vitamin B1

2 mg per serving

Pepsin

No known
interactions
30 mg per serving

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), tr...

Pepsin monograph & interactions

Ox Bile concentrate

135 mg per serving

Duodenum

5 mg per serving

Liver

Interacts with
3 drugs
30 mg per serving

Liver extract is a dried or concentrated form of animal liver that is naturally rich in iron, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and other nutrients. It was once...

Liver monograph & interactions

Pancreas

20 mg per serving

Collinsonia

No known
interactions
310 mg per serving

Stone root is a North American herb traditionally used for hemorrhoids, urinary complaints, and digestive issues. There is very little modern scientif...

Collinsonia monograph & interactions

Concentrated Russian Black Radish

Interacts with
86 drugs
20 mg per serving

Radish is a common edible root vegetable that is nutritious and generally safe to eat as food. Some people use radish (especially black radish) and it...

Concentrated Russian Black Radish monograph & interactions
Interaction report

GB - Plus by Nutri-West Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against GB - Plus?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,034Drugs
831 Moderate 203 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Red Beet 861
Niacinamide 124
concentrated Russian Black Radish 86
Vitamin B2 20
Liver 3

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in GB - Plus interact with 1,034 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

6 of the 12 ingredients in GB - Plus interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Red Beet Niacinamide concentrated Russian Black Radish Vitamin B2 Liver Glycine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in GB - Plus with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Red Beet3 drug types · 861 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that betanin, the major pigment in beet, competitively inhibits CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner similarly to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Beet and beetroot contain nitrates, which can cause vasodilation, potentially leading to lower blood pressure. However, a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition using concentrated beetroot juice found no significant impact on blood pressure or heart rate in different age groups. Other small clinical studies suggest that while beet consumption might transiently lower blood pressure due to vessel dilation, there's no consistent evidence of a lasting effect. Overall, the theoretical risk of reduced blood pressure due to beet's nitrate content exists, but studies generally indicate a low and temporary impact rather than a sustained decrease.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that beet induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Red Beet full monograph & interactions

Niacinamide4 drug types · 124 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, niacinamide may have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, especially in patients on hemodialysis.
Several cases of thrombocytopenia have been reported for hemodialysis patients treated with niacinamide 1 gram daily. Hemodialysis patients receiving niacinamide had almost a three-fold higher risk of developing thrombocytopenia when compared with those receiving placebo.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Niacinamide might increase the levels and adverse effects of carbamazepine.
Plasma levels of carbamazepine were increased in two children given high-dose niacinamide, 60-80 mg/kg/day. This might be due to inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in carbamazepine metabolism. There is not enough data to determine the clinical significance of this interaction.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Primidone (Mysoline)

Niacinamide might increase the levels and adverse effects of primidone.
Case reports in children suggest niacinamide 60-100 mg/kg/day reduces hepatic metabolism of primidone to phenobarbital, and reduces the overall clearance rate of primidone; however, there is not enough data to determine the clinical significance of this potential interaction.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

There is limited evidence that niacinamide may increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
In a case report, a patient on warfarin developed an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) of 8.4 after taking niacinamide 500 mg twice daily for 10 days. The patient's INR was previously stable, ranging between 2 and 3, with no other changes to current medications or diet reported. The elevated INR returned to the therapeutic range after receiving vitamin K and discontinuing niacinamide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Niacinamide full monograph & interactions

concentrated Russian Black Radish1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, radish might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that radish extract, juice, and sprouts can reduce glucose levels. Animal research also shows that radish root juice 300 mg/kg reduces fasting and postprandial blood glucose in a rat model of diabetes, with effects similar to glibenclamide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
concentrated Russian Black Radish full monograph & interactions

Vitamin B21 drug type · 20 drugs

Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking riboflavin with tetracycline antibiotics may decrease the potency of these antibiotics.
In vitro research suggests that riboflavin may inhibit the potency of tetracycline antibiotics. It is not clear if this effect is clinically significant, as this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin B2 full monograph & interactions

Liver2 drug types · 3 drugs

Iron

Liver extract can contain heme iron. Taking liver extract with iron-containing medications or supplements may increase total iron intake and could increase the risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects or excessive iron accumulation. The risk is greater with high doses, prolonged use, or in individuals with hemochromatosis or another iron-overload disorder. Review the iron content of the liver extract and the total elemental iron dose. Avoid unnecessary duplicate iron supplementation and consider monitoring ferritin and transferrin saturation when clinically appropriate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Liver extract products may contain small and variable amounts of vitamin K. Theoretically, starting, stopping, or substantially changing the amount of liver extract used could reduce the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and lower the INR. However, this interaction has not been directly studied or reported in humans, and the vitamin K content of liver extract products is generally not standardized. Consider monitoring the INR after a meaningful change in liver extract use.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Liver full monograph & interactions

Glycine1 drug type · 1 drug

Clozapine (Clozaril)

Theoretically, glycine might decrease the effectiveness of clozapine.
One small clinical study in patients with schizophrenia shows that adding glycine to clozapine therapy worsens symptoms of schizophrenia when compared with clozapine alone. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Glycine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for GB - Plus, from the product label.

Nutri-West

See all Nutri-West products
Name
Nutri-West
City
Douglas
State
WY
ZipCode
82633
Phone Number
1-307-358-5066
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

GB - Plus by Nutri-West: Common Questions

Does GB - Plus by Nutri-West interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, GB - Plus has a known interaction with 1,034 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
GB - Plus contains 12 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin or another blood thinner?
Not without checking with your doctor first. Niacinamide in this product may increase warfarin's blood-thinning effect and raise your bleeding risk, and liver extract contains small amounts of vitamin K which could theoretically reduce warfarin's potency. Your prescriber needs to review this product alongside your current medications.
What is pepsin, and why is it in here?
Pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme normally made in your stomach. It's included here to help break down proteins during digestion. It's generally well tolerated, but rarely may cause allergic reactions or digestive upset.
Is niacinamide (vitamin B3) safe at the dose in this product?
Niacinamide is well tolerated at recommended dietary amounts. The exact dose in GB - Plus isn't listed in the product facts, so check the label or ask your pharmacist to confirm it's within safe ranges—high doses can cause dizziness, itching, digestive upset, and rash.
What does red beet do in this formula?
Red beet is possibly effective for athletic performance and exercise-related muscle soreness. It's widely eaten as food and generally safe, though concentrated supplements lack long-term safety data. You may notice red or dark stools, which is harmless.
Is liver extract safe, and where does it come from?
Liver extract is generally low-risk for healthy adults at food amounts, but it can deliver high levels of vitamin A and iron. There is concern about possible contamination from raw animal sources or bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE) in cows from certain countries; no human BSE cases from contaminated liver extract have been reported so far, but ask the manufacturer where their source originates.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Niacinamide at normal dietary amounts is likely safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Vitamin B2 is actually needed during both. Glycine, red beet, pepsin, stone root, radish, and liver extract lack enough safety data—check with your doctor or pharmacist before use to make sure it's right for you and your baby.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

GB - Plus label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind GB - Plus’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Glycine

Interacts with 1 drug

Glycine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes on its own and that also appears in protein-rich foods. It is most studied for improving sleep quality, where early research is promisin...

Read the full Glycine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beet

Interacts with 861 drugs

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some people. It is generally safe as a food, but s...

Read the full Beet monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Niacinamide

Interacts with 124 drugs

Niacinamide (also called nicotinamide) is a form of vitamin B3 used in supplements and skin-care products. It is well established for preventing and treating vitamin B3 deficiency, and there...

Read the full Niacinamide monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Riboflavin

Interacts with 20 drugs

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally very safe at typical doses, and the stro...

Read the full Riboflavin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...

Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Liver Extract

Interacts with 3 drugs

Liver extract is a dried or concentrated form of animal liver that is naturally rich in iron, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and other nutrients. It was once used to treat certain anemias before pu...

Read the full Liver Extract monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Stone Root

Stone root is a North American herb traditionally used for hemorrhoids, urinary complaints, and digestive issues. There is very little modern scientific evidence to confirm it works for any...

Read the full Stone Root monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Radish

Interacts with 86 drugs

Radish is a common edible root vegetable that is nutritious and generally safe to eat as food. Some people use radish (especially black radish) and its extracts for digestion and liver suppo...

Read the full Radish monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

GB - Plus's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 59 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glycine 5 references
  1. Heresco-Levy U, Javitt DC, Ermilov M, et al. Efficacy of high-dose glycine in the treatment of enduring negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:29-36.. PubMed
  2. Potkin SG, Jin Y, Bunney BG, Costa J, Gulasekaram B. Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:145-7.. PubMed
  3. Gusev EI, Skvortsova VI, Dambinova SA, et al. Neuroprotective effects of glycine for therapy of acute ischaemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000;10:49-60. PubMed
  4. Inagawa K, Kawai N, Ono K, Sukegawa E, Tsubuku S, Takahashi M. Assessment of acute adverse effects of glycine ingestion at a high dose in human volunteers. Seikatsu Eisei. 2006; 50:27-32.
  5. Woods SW, Walsh BC, Hawkins KA, Miller TJ, Saksa JR, D'Souza DC, Pearlson GD, Javitt DC, McGlashan TH, Krystal JH. Glycine treatment of the risk syndrome for psychosis: report of two pilot studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 Aug;23(8):931-40. PubMed

See these in context on the Glycine monograph →

Beet 14 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Clifford T, Berntzen B, Davison GW, et al. Effects of beetroot juice on recovery of muscle function and performance between bouts of repeated sprint exercise. Nutrients 2016;8. pii: E506. PubMed
  3. Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr 2013;143:818-26. PubMed
  4. Clifford T, Howatson G, West DJ, Stevenson EJ. Beetroot juice is more beneficial than sodium nitrate for attenuating muscle pain after strenuous eccentric-bias exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017;42(11):1185-1191. PubMed
  5. Clifford T, Bell O, West DJ, Howatson G, Stevenson EJ. The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on indices of muscle damage following eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(2):353-62. PubMed
  6. Wylie LJ, Kelly J, Bailey SJ, et al. Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013;115(3):325-36. PubMed
  7. Garnacho-Castaño MV, Palau-Salvà G, Cuenca E, et al. Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15(1):49. PubMed
  8. Rasica L, Porcelli S, Marzorati M, et al. Ergogenic effects of beetroot juice supplementation during severe-intensity exercise in obese adolescents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018;315(3):R453-R460. PubMed
  9. Henrohn D, Björkstrand K, Lundberg JO, et al. Effects of oral supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension-results from BEET-PAH, an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crosso
  10. Serra-Payá N, Garnacho-Castaño MV, Sánchez-Nuño S, et al. The relationship between resistance exercise performance and ventilatory efficiency after beetroot juice intake in well-trained athletes. Nutrients 2021;13(4):1094. PubMed
  11. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
  12. Hemmatinafar M, Zaremoayedi L, Koushkie Jahromi M, et al. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients 2023;15(17):3763. PubMed
  13. Lim SH, Bae S, Lee HS, Han HK, Choi CI. Effect of Betanin, the Major Pigment of Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), on the Activity of Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(9):1224. PubMed
  14. Oscherwitz M, Tamayo RM, Heudebert A, Centor R. A Case of Pseudo-Hematochezia from Beet Supplement Ingestion. Am J Med 2023;136(9):e177-e178. PubMed

See these in context on the Beet monograph →

Niacinamide 22 references
  1. Pozzilli P, Browne PD, Kolb H. Meta-analysis of nicotinamide treatment in patients with recent-onset IDDM. The Nicotinamide Trialists. Diabetes Care 1996;19:1357-63. PubMed
  2. Greenbaum CJ, Kahn SE, Palmer JP. Nicotinamide's effects on glucose metabolism in subjects at risk for IDDM. Diabetes 1996;45:1631-4. DOI
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See these in context on the Niacinamide monograph →

Riboflavin 5 references
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See these in context on the Riboflavin monograph →

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
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See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →

Liver Extract 4 references
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See these in context on the Liver Extract monograph →

Stone Root 1 reference
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.

See these in context on the Stone Root monograph →

Radish 5 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Damiani E, Aloia AM, Priore MG, Nardulli S, Ferrannini A. Generalized urticaria after ingestion of Raphanus sativus. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011 Feb;106(2):168. PubMed
  3. Evans M, Paterson E, Barnes DM. An open label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of Spanish black radish on the induction of phase I and phase II enzymes in healthy male subjects. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Dec 9;14:475. PubMed
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  5. Shukla S, Chatterji S, Mehta S, Rai PK, Singh RK, Yadav DK, Watal G. Antidiabetic effect of Raphanus sativus root juice. Pharm Biol. 2011 Jan;49(1):32-7.

See these in context on the Radish monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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