Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 6 of 10 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Kinder Garden Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Flower Essence Services

Kinder Garden label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Kinder Garden against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Kinder Garden is a dietary supplement by Flower Essence Services with 10 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for anxiety and stress, sleep and relaxation, digestive upset.Based on those ingredients, 1,252 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Matricaria recutita, Angelica archangelica, orange. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Kinder Garden by Flower Essence Services

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Kinder Garden by Flower Essence Services — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Kinder Garden by Flower Essence Services

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 10 active ingredients.
  • “infusions of flowers of” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Essential Oils” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Kinder Garden contains 10 flower essences and oils. The active ingredients include German chamomile (Matricaria recutita), yarrow (Achillea millefolium var. rubra), angelica (Angelica archangelica), chicory (Chicorium intybus), and several others including ylang ylang, orange, Calochortus lechtlinii, Geum triflorum, Ranunculus occidentalis, and an unlabeled chamomile component.

The inactive ingredients are water and brandy, which serve as a carrier for the liquid preparation.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Soothe feelings and nourish radiance in children.
  • We looked for evidence on: Anxiety, Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), emotional balance, mood support, stress relief, well-being.
  • The closest evidence on file: Angelica Archangelica is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Anxiety (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Sweet Orange is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Pre-procedural anxiety, Stress.
  • Also on file: German Chamomile is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Anxiety, Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

The evidence for Kinder Garden's effectiveness isn't established in the data we hold. German chamomile, yarrow, angelica, and chicory all carry effectiveness ratings of insufficient reliable evidence for their traditional uses — meaning we don't have enough solid research to say whether they work for conditions like anxiety, wound healing, insomnia, or digestive issues.

If you're considering this product for a specific health concern, talk with your pharmacist or doctor about what the current evidence actually supports.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient German Chamomile Yarrow Angelica Archangelica Chicory Avens Sweet Orange

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

German chamomile is generally well tolerated but can cause allergic reactions in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants, and topically may trigger dermatitis. Yarrow is often well tolerated when used short-term, though allergic reactions and dermatitis can occur, especially with skin contact.

Angelica archangelica causes photosensitivity — your skin becomes extra sensitive to sun exposure — and may cause constipation or skin irritation. Chicory is generally well tolerated in food amounts but may cause gas, bloating, and allergic reactions in sensitive people.

All four of these ingredients should be avoided in medicinal amounts during pregnancy; limited or no safety data exist for breastfeeding, so check with your doctor or pharmacist before nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient German Chamomile Yarrow Angelica Archangelica Chicory Avens Sweet Orange

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Chicory, Yarrow, Angelica Archangelica, Sweet Orange, German Chamomile.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,253 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check if you're on warfarin (major bleeding risk with German chamomile), then ask your pharmacist about lithium, diabetes drugs, drugs metabolized by CYP2D6/CYP2C9/CYP3A4 enzymes, sedating medications, oral contraceptives, estrogen therapy, tamoxifen, or photosensitizing antibiotics like doxycycline.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take warfarin, lithium, diabetes medications, photosensitizing antibiotics, oral contraceptives, estrogen therapy, or tamoxifen, check your exact medications with the tool on this page before starting Kinder Garden. The product is generally well tolerated but carries real interaction risks for certain medications.

Pregnant or nursing? Talk to your doctor or pharmacist first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 10 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 24, 2014.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Kinder Garden, straight from the product label.

Brand Flower Essence Services
Barcode (UPC) 782932151134
Net contents 1 fl. Oz.; 30 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 24, 2014
DSLD ID 29879
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses No Claim
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Kinder Garden by Flower Essence Services, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
4 Spray(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
4 Spray(s)
UPC/BARCODE
782932151134
IngredientAmount% DV
infusions of flowers of0 NP--
Essential Oils0 NP--
ylang ylang0 NP--
Matricaria recutita0 NP--
Calochortus lechtlinii0 NP--
Achillea millefolium var. rubra0 NP--
orange0 NP--
Angelica archangelica0 NP--
Chicorium intybus0 NP--
Geum triflorum0 NP--
Ranunculus occidentalis0 NP--
Chamomile0 NP--

Other ingredients: Water, Brandy

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

A child's bouquet to soothe feelings and nourish radiance flower essence & essential oil

BEST BY 04/2022 120412

Formulation

Certified organic by Stellar Certification Services, Inc.

Seals/Symbols

DEMETER(R)

FES Quintessentials(TM)

FDA Statement of Identity

herbal supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Spray four times daily in mouth or around body. Shake well before use.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Certified Biodynamic(R) by the Demeter Association, Inc.

General

120412

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Kinder Garden by Flower Essence Services label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Kinder Garden label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Kinder Garden by Flower Essence Services

These are the 10 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size4 Spray(s) Dosage formLiquid Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Infusions of flowers of

0 NP per serving

Essential Oils

0 NP per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Brandy. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Kinder Garden by Flower Essence Services Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Kinder Garden?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,252Drugs
48 Major 1,176 Moderate 28 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Matricaria recutita 960
Angelica archangelica 335
orange 246
Chicorium intybus 86
Achillea millefolium var. rubra 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Kinder Garden interact with 1,252 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 10 ingredients in Kinder Garden interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Matricaria recutita Angelica archangelica orange Chicorium intybus Achillea millefolium var. rubra

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Kinder Garden with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Matricaria recutita9 drug types · 960 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
German chamomile has mild sedative effects. Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative properties can cause additive effects and side effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity. Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with contraceptive drugs through competition for estrogen receptors.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2C9 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 in patients taking German chamomile.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 in patients taking German chamomile.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 in patients taking German chamomile.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity. Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with hormone replacement therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with the activity of tamoxifen.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

German chamomile might increase the effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
In one case, a 70-year-old female taking warfarin developed retroperitoneal hematoma and bilateral recti muscle bleeding along with an INR of 7.9 following ingestion of German chamomile tea 4-5 cups daily and use of a topical chamomile-based lotion applied 4-5 times daily.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro and animal research shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 in patients taking German chamomile.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Matricaria recutita full monograph & interactions

Angelica archangelica1 drug type · 335 drugs

Photosensitizing Drugs

Angelica archangelica, whether ingested or applied to the skin, has the potential to induce photosensitivity reactions. It is advised that patients using Angelica archangelica in any form should avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight. When combined with photosensitizing drugs like doxycycline, there is an elevated risk of photosensitivity reactions. Patients should be cautioned to take appropriate sun protection measures and monitor for any signs of skin irritation or photosensitivity when using these substances concomitantly. (Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10630112/)

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Angelica archangelica full monograph & interactions

orange7 drug types · 246 drugs

Celiprolol (Celicard)

Consuming sweet orange with celiprolol can decrease oral absorption of celiprolol.
A pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that celiprolol levels, after a single dose of 100 mg, are decreased by up to 90% in people who drink sweet orange juice 200 mL three times daily. It's not known if lower consumption of sweet orange juice will have the same effect. Theoretically, this occurs due to short-term inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Ivermectin (Stromectol, Others)

Consuming sweet orange juice with ivermectin can decrease the oral absorption of ivermectin.
A pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking ivermectin orally with sweet orange juice 750 mL over 4 hours reduces the bioavailability of ivermectin. This effect does not seem to be related to effects on P-glycoprotein. The effect on ivermectin is more pronounced in males compared to females.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Consuming sweet orange juice can decrease oral absorption of OATP substrates. Separate administration by at least 4 hours.
Clinical research shows that consuming sweet orange juice inhibits OATP, which reduces bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP. For example, sweet orange juice decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine, a substrate of OATP, by about 72% and of celiprolol, another OATP substrate, by up to 90%. Since sweet orange juice seems to affect OATP for a short time, recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange juice by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Pravastatin (Pravachol)

Consuming sweet orange juice with pravastatin can increase the absorption of pravastatin.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that consuming sweet orange juice 800 mL over 3 hours, including before, during, and after taking pravastatin 10 mg, increases pravastatin levels by about 149%, without affecting pravastatin elimination. Theoretically this effect might be due to modulation of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) by sweet orange juice. Sweet orange juice does not seem to affect simvastatin levels, but it is not known if sweet orange affects any of the other statins.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Fexofenadine (Allegra)

Consuming sweet orange juice with fexofenadine can decrease oral absorption of fexofenadine.
Clinical research shows that coadministration of sweet orange juice 1200 mL decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine by about 72%. In an animal model, sweet orange juice decreased bioavailability of fexofenadine by 31%. Fexofenadine manufacturer data indicates that concomitant administration of sweet orange juice and fexofenadine results in larger wheal and flare sizes in research models. This suggests that sweet orange reduces the clinical response to fexofenadine. Theoretically, this occurs due to short-term inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Sweet orange juice seems to modulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which might affect the blood levels of P-gp substrates.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that orange juice extract inhibits drug efflux by P-gp, increasing absorption and levels of P-gp substrates. In contrast, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking large amounts of sweet orange juice decreases absorption and levels of the P-gp substrate celiprolol. This suggests that orange juice actually induces drug efflux by P-gp or affects drug levels by another mechanism such as inhibiting the gut drug transporter called organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Until more is known, sweet orange juice should be used cautiously in people taking P-gp substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Calcium-fortified sweet orange juice might reduce quinolone absorption.
Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut. Theoretically, the calcium in certain fortified orange juices can also bind to quinolone antibiotics and reduce their absorption and levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
orange full monograph & interactions

Chicorium intybus1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, chicory might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vitro research shows that chicory extracts have antidiabetic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Chicorium intybus full monograph & interactions

Achillea millefolium var. rubra1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Theoretically, taking yarrow with lithium might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Animal research shows that yarrow has diuretic activity. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, yarrow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Achillea millefolium var. rubra full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Kinder Garden, from the product label.

Flower Essence Services

See all Flower Essence Services products
Phone Number
800-548-0075
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Kinder Garden by Flower Essence Services: Common Questions

Does Kinder Garden by Flower Essence Services interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Kinder Garden has a known interaction with 1,252 medications, including 48 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Kinder Garden contains 10 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take Kinder Garden if I'm pregnant?
The safety data advise against it in medicinal amounts. German chamomile, yarrow, angelica, and chicory have all been traditionally avoided in pregnancy or lack reliable safety studies. Talk to your doctor before using it while pregnant.
Is it safe to use while breastfeeding?
There isn't enough data to know either way for most of these ingredients. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before nursing — they can give you personalized advice based on your situation.
Can German chamomile in this product cause allergic reactions?
Yes. People sensitive to ragweed and related plants can have allergic reactions, including severe ones. German chamomile has also been reported to cause severe hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis in some users, though these are rare.
What ingredients in Kinder Garden actually work for what?
The evidence we hold shows insufficient reliable data for all the main ingredients — German chamomile, yarrow, angelica, and chicory. There isn't enough solid research to say whether they're effective for any specific condition.
Will this product make my skin sensitive to the sun?
Angelica archangelica in this product can cause photosensitivity — your skin becomes extra reactive to sunlight. If you're using Kinder Garden, avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially if you're also taking photosensitizing medications like doxycycline.
What's in this liquid besides the flower essences?
The inactive ingredients are water and brandy, which carry the plant essences and oils.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Kinder Garden label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Kinder Garden’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

German Chamomile

Interacts with 960 drugs

German chamomile is a widely used herbal remedy taken mainly as a tea for calming, sleep, and digestive complaints. Early research suggests possible benefits for mild anxiety and some skin o...

Read the full German Chamomile monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Yarrow

Interacts with 1 drug

Yarrow is a traditional herb long used for wounds, digestive complaints, and colds, but high-quality human studies are very limited, so its benefits are not well proven. It is generally used...

Read the full Yarrow monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Angelica Archangelica

Interacts with 335 drugs

Angelica archangelica is a tall aromatic herb used traditionally for digestive complaints, poor appetite, and to flavor foods and liqueurs. Solid human evidence for its health benefits is li...

Read the full Angelica Archangelica monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Chicory

Interacts with 86 drugs

Chicory is best known as a caffeine-free coffee substitute and as a source of inulin, a soluble prebiotic fiber that may support digestion and regularity. Strong human evidence for most othe...

Read the full Chicory monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Avens

Avens is a traditional European herb whose root and leaves are rich in tannins and have long been used as a tea for diarrhea and digestive upset. Solid human research is lacking, so its bene...

Read the full Avens monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sweet Orange

Interacts with 246 drugs

Sweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide. Its peel and essential oil are used in aromatherapy and...

Read the full Sweet Orange monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Kinder Garden's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 57 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

German Chamomile 15 references
  1. Subiza J, Subiza JL, Hinojosa M, et al. Anaphylactic reaction after the ingestion of chamomile tea; a study of cross-reactivity with other composite pollens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;84:353-8. PubMed
  2. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
  3. Viola H, Wasowski C, Levi de Stein M, et al. Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolytic effects. Planta Med 1995;61:213-6.
  4. van Ketel WG. Allergy to Matricaria chamomilla. Contact Dermatitis 1982;8:143. PubMed
  5. van Ketel WG. Allergy to Matricaria chamomilla. Contact Dermatitis 1987;16:50-1. PubMed
  6. Hormann HP, Korting HC. Evidence for the efficacy and safety of topical herbal drugs in dermatology: part I: anti-inflammatory agents. Phytomedicine 1994;1:161-71. PubMed
  7. Avallone R, Zanoli P, Puia G, et al. Pharmacological profile of apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Matricaria chamomilla. Biochem Pharmacol 2000;59:1387-94. PubMed
  8. Kassi E, Papoutsi Z, Fokialakis N, et al. Greek plant extracts exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like properties. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:6956-61. PubMed
  9. Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9. PubMed
  10. Segal R, Pilote L. Warfarin interaction with Matricaria chamomilla. CMAJ 2006;174:1281-2. PubMed
  11. Loggia RD, Traversa U, Scarcia V, et al. Depressive effects of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch, tubular flowers, on central nervous system in mice. Pharmacol Res Commun 1982;14(2):153-162. PubMed
  12. Ganzera M, Schneider P, Stuppner H. Inhibitory effects of the essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and its major constituents on human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Life Sci 2006;78(8):856-861. PubMed
  13. Benito P, Rodríguez-Perez R, García F, Juste S, Moneo I, Caballero ML. Occupational allergic rhinoconjunctivitis induced by Matricaria chamomilla with tolerance of chamomile tea. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2014;24(5):369-70. No abstract available.
  14. Braga FT, Santos AC, Bueno PC, et al. Use of Chamomilla recutita in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial. Cancer Nurs 2015;38(4):32 PubMed
  15. Sarris J, Ravindran A, Yatham LN, et al. Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety T

See these in context on the German Chamomile monograph →

Yarrow 8 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Uter, W., Nohle, M., Randerath, B., and Schwanitz, H. J. Occupational contact urticaria and late-phase bronchial asthma caused by compositae pollen in a florist. Am J Contact Dermat. 2001;12(3):182-184. DOI
  3. Schempp, C. M., Schopf, E., and Simon, J. C. [Plant-induced toxic and allergic dermatitis (phytodermatitis)]. Hautarzt 2002;53(2):93-97.
  4. Jovanovic, M., Poljacki, M., Duran, V., Vujanovic, L., Sente, R., and Stojanovic, S. Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. Med Pregl. 2004;57(5-6):209-218. PubMed
  5. Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Safety assessment of Achillea millefolium as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2016;35(3 suppl):5S-15S.
  6. Zakeri S, Esmaeilzadeh S, Gorji N, Memariani Z, Moeini R, Bijani A. The effect of Achillea millefolium L. on vulvovaginal candidiasis compared with clotrimazole: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;52:102483. PubMed
  7. de Souza P, Crestani S, da Silva Rde C, et al. Involvement of bradykinin and prostaglandins in the diuretic effects of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Aug 26;149(1):157-61. PubMed
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See these in context on the Yarrow monograph →

Sweet Orange 17 references
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  11. Koitabashi Y, Kumai T, Matsumoto N, et al. Orange juice increased the bioavailability of pravastatin, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor, in rats and healthy human subjects. Life Sci 2006;78:2852-9. PubMed
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See these in context on the Sweet Orange monograph →

Angelica Archangelica 3 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
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See these in context on the Angelica Archangelica monograph →

Chicory 13 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Stone-Dorshow T, Levitt MD. Gaseous response to ingestion of a poorly absorbed fructo-oligosaccharide sweetener. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;46:61-5. PubMed
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See these in context on the Chicory monograph →

Avens 1 reference
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.

See these in context on the Avens monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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