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Dietary supplement

MaculaPF Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Jarrow Formulas

MaculaPF label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking MaculaPF against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

MaculaPF is a dietary supplement by Jarrow Formulas with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for eye and macular health, age-related macular degeneration (amd), protection from blue light.Based on those ingredients, 761 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Astaxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Choline. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against MaculaPF by Jarrow Formulas

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with MaculaPF by Jarrow Formulas — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of MaculaPF by Jarrow Formulas

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “Zeaxanthin” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (13 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

MaculaPF contains 5 active ingredients — three forms of the yellow-orange plant pigments zeaxanthin and lutein (RR-zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin, and lutein), plus astaxanthin (a carotenoid with antioxidant properties) and choline (a nutrient involved in brain function). The product is formulated as a softgel capsule with inactive ingredients including sunflower lecithin, bovine gelatin, glycerin, and oils to aid absorption.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Support eye macula health and blue light protection.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Asthenopia (eye strain), Cataracts, Central serous retinopathy, Choroideremia, Diabetic retinopathy — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Lutein is rated "Possibly Effective" for Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Lutein is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cataracts.
  • Also on file: Zeaxanthin is rated "Possibly Effective" for Age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

The evidence for this product's ingredients is mixed. Both lutein and the zeaxanthin forms are rated possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the eye condition this supplement appears designed to address.

Lutein is also possibly effective for cataracts. Astaxanthin and choline, however, show insufficient reliable evidence for the conditions listed in the data we hold — meaning the evidence isn't yet established enough to rate them.

The effectiveness of this combination specifically isn't in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Zeaxanthin Astaxanthin Choline Lutein

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Lutein and the zeaxanthin forms are generally well tolerated at typical supplement doses. Astaxanthin is also generally well tolerated, though long-term safety data are limited; at higher doses it may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, or red-colored stools.

Choline at normal amounts is safe, but very high doses (9 grams or more daily) can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and a fishy body odor. Regarding pregnancy and breastfeeding: choline is rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation.

The zeaxanthin forms are likely safe but pregnancy and breastfeeding safety of concentrated supplements hasn't been well studied, so caution is advised — talk with your doctor. Astaxanthin safety data in pregnancy and breastfeeding are insufficient, so it's best to avoid it during these times.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Zeaxanthin Astaxanthin Choline Lutein

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Choline, Astaxanthin, Zeaxanthin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 762 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before taking if you use antidiabetes medications — zeaxanthin may theoretically raise the risk of low blood sugar. Any medication metabolized by the liver enzyme CYP3A4 (a large category) may have decreased levels with astaxanthin, and the same applies to CYP2B6 substrates.

If you take atropine or related anticholinergic drugs, choline may weaken their effects. Use the medication search tool to check your exact prescriptions.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

MaculaPF is aimed at supporting eye health in aging, with lutein and zeaxanthin showing promise for AMD. If you take diabetes medications or any drug metabolized by your liver's CYP3A4 system, check your specific medications with the tool on this page before starting.

Talk with your pharmacist if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking atropine or other anticholinergic medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about MaculaPF, straight from the product label.

Brand Jarrow Formulas
Barcode (UPC) 790011290773
Net contents 60 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 23, 2025
DSLD ID 321955
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), No Allergies, Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for MaculaPF by Jarrow Formulas, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
790011290773
IngredientAmount% DV
Zeaxanthin13 mg--
Astaxanthin4 mg--
Choline10 mg2%
RR-Zeaxanthin4 mg--
Lutein20 mg--
Meso-Zeaxanthin9 mg--

Other ingredients: Sunflower Lecithin, Bovine Gelatin, Water, Glycerin, Caramel, Avocado Oil, Sunflower Oil

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Adults take 1 softgel once a day, preferably with a fat-containing meal, or as directed by your qualified healthcare professional.

Formulation

Jarrow Formulas MaculaPF (Protective Factors) is a synergistic combination of three key antioxidant carotenoids to support the eyes' maculae in blue light from all types of screens, LED lighting, and sunlight. The macula is responsible for focus and color.

Blue light protection Supports eye health

Non-GMO Gluten free

No wheat, gluten, soybeans, dairy, egg, fish/shellfish, peanuts/treenuts or sesame.

Precautions

Warning: Consult a healthcare professional before using this product if you are pregnant, nursing, under the age of 18, are taking medication or have a medical condition; if adverse reactions occur, discontinue use.

Warning: Consult a healthcare professional before using this product if you are pregnant, nursing, under the age of 18, are taking medication or have a medical condition; if adverse reactions occur, discontinue use. Keep out of the reach of children

Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Lutemax 2020 is a registered trademark of OmniActive Health Technologies, LTD. OmniXan-RS is a registered trademark of OmniActive Health Technologies, LTD. AstaPure is a registered trademark of Algatechnologies Ltd. Copyright 2023 Jarrow Formulas

Formula

Carotenoid complex Lutein Meso-Zeaxanthin Astaxanthin

Lutemax 2020 Lutein & Zeaxanthin OmniXan-rs Rs-Zeaxanthin AstaPure

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

Eye health

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

MaculaPF by Jarrow Formulas label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

MaculaPF label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in MaculaPF by Jarrow Formulas

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Zeaxanthin

Interacts with
86 drugs
13 mg per serving Form: Marigold

Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment that, along with lutein, concentrates in the macula of the eye and may help support long-term eye health. The stron...

Zeaxanthin monograph & interactions

Astaxanthin

Interacts with
671 drugs
4 mg per serving Form: Haematococcus pluvialis

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise...

Astaxanthin monograph & interactions

Choline

Interacts with
16 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Sunflower Lecithin

Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like egg...

Choline monograph & interactions

Lutein

No known
interactions
20 mg per serving Form: Marigold

Lutein is a plant-based antioxidant pigment that concentrates in the eye, and the best evidence suggests it (often combined with zeaxanthin) may help...

Lutein monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Sunflower Lecithin, Bovine Gelatin, Water, Glycerin, Caramel, Avocado Oil, Sunflower Oil. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

MaculaPF by Jarrow Formulas Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against MaculaPF?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
761Drugs
751 Moderate 10 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Astaxanthin 671
Zeaxanthin 86
Choline 16

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in MaculaPF interact with 761 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in MaculaPF interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Astaxanthin Zeaxanthin Choline

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in MaculaPF with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Astaxanthin2 drug types · 671 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces cytochrome CYP2B6 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces CYP3A4 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Astaxanthin full monograph & interactions

Zeaxanthin1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking zeaxanthin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In an animal diabetic model, zeaxanthin has hypoglycemic effects. However, population research has found that increasing intake of dietary zeaxanthin plus lutein does not decrease the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Zeaxanthin full monograph & interactions

Choline1 drug type · 16 drugs

Atropine

Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Animal research shows that administering choline one hour before administering atropine can attenuate atropine-induced decreases in brain levels of acetylcholine. Theoretically, concomitant use of choline and atropine may decrease the effects of atropine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Choline full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for MaculaPF, from the product label.

Jarrow Formulas

See all Jarrow Formulas products
Name
Jarrow Formulas, Inc.
City
Sherman Oaks
State
CA
ZipCode
91403
Phone Number
1-866-459-4154
Web Address
www.Jarrow.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

MaculaPF by Jarrow Formulas: Common Questions

Does MaculaPF by Jarrow Formulas interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, MaculaPF has a known interaction with 761 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
MaculaPF contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant or nursing?
Choline is likely safe during pregnancy and lactation. The zeaxanthin forms are likely safe but supplement safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding hasn't been well studied — use caution and talk with your doctor. Astaxanthin safety data are insufficient in pregnancy and breastfeeding, so it's best to avoid it during these times.
What is this product supposed to do?
It's formulated to support eye health, primarily through lutein and zeaxanthin, which are rated possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Lutein is also possibly effective for cataracts. The evidence for astaxanthin and choline in this context is not yet established in our data.
Can I take this if I have diabetes and take blood sugar medication?
The zeaxanthin in this product may theoretically increase the risk of low blood sugar if taken with diabetes medications, though dietary studies haven't confirmed this happens in real life. Talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, and monitor your blood sugar if you do.
What side effects might I experience?
Lutein and zeaxanthin are generally well tolerated. Astaxanthin may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, or red-colored stools, especially at higher doses. Choline at normal amounts is safe, but very high doses can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fishy body odor.
Does this product have any fillers?
Yes — the inactive ingredients include sunflower lecithin, bovine gelatin, glycerin, oils, caramel, and water to make the softgel capsule and help absorption.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

MaculaPF label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind MaculaPF’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Zeaxanthin

Interacts with 86 drugs

Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment that, along with lutein, concentrates in the macula of the eye and may help support long-term eye health. The strongest evidence relates to slowing progres...

Read the full Zeaxanthin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Astaxanthin

Interacts with 671 drugs

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...

Read the full Astaxanthin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Choline

Interacts with 16 drugs

Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like eggs, meat, and fish. Supplements may help...

Read the full Choline monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lutein

Lutein is a plant-based antioxidant pigment that concentrates in the eye, and the best evidence suggests it (often combined with zeaxanthin) may help slow progression of age-related macular...

Read the full Lutein monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

MaculaPF's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 23 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Zeaxanthin 4 references
  1. Montonen J, Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Reunanen A. Dietary antioxidant intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:362-6. PubMed
  2. Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, et al. The effects of lutein on cardiometabolic health across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103(2):481-94. PubMed
  3. Kou L, Du M, Zhang C, Dai Z, Li X, Zhang B. The Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, and Anti-Diabetic Nephritic Activities of Zeaxanthin in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017;182(3):944-955. PubMed
  4. Xu X, Zhao X, Berde Y, Low YL, Kuchan MJ. Milk and Plasma Lutein and Zeaxanthin Concentrations in Chinese Breast-Feeding Mother-Infant Dyads With Healthy Maternal Fruit and Vegetable Intake. J Am Coll Nutr 2019;38(2):179-184. PubMed

See these in context on the Zeaxanthin monograph →

Astaxanthin 3 references
  1. Kupcinskas L, Lafolie P, Lignell A, et al. Efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled
  2. Kistler, A., Liechti, H., Pichard, L., Wolz, E., Oesterhelt, G., Hayes, A., and Maurel, P. Metabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. Arch.Toxicol. 2002;75(11-12):665-675. PubMed
  3. Choi HD, Youn YK, Shin WG. Positive effects of astaxanthin on lipid profiles and oxidative stress in overweight subjects. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2011;66:363-369. PubMed

See these in context on the Astaxanthin monograph →

Choline 14 references
  1. Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
  2. Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary choline and betaine and the risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1224-31. PubMed
  3. Schmidt, C., Abicht, A., Krampfl, K., Voss, W., Stucka, R., Mildner, G., Petrova, S., Schara, U., Mortier, W., Bufler, J., Huebner, A., and Lochmuller, H. Congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a novel missense mutation in the gene encoding choline acetyl
  4. Tamminga, C., Smith, R. C., Chang, S., Haraszti, J. S., and Davis, J. M. Depression associated with oral choline. Lancet 10-23-1976;2(7991):905. PubMed
  5. Wood, J. L. and Allison, R. G. Effects of consumption of choline and lecithin on neurological and cardiovascular systems. Fed.Proc. 1982;41(14):3015-3021.
  6. Growdon, J. H. and Gelenberg, A. J. Choline and lecithin administration to patients with tardive dyskinesia. Trans.Am.Neurol.Assoc. 1978;103:95-99.
  7. Smith, C. M., Swash, M., Exton-Smith, A. N., Phillips, M. J., Overstall, P. W., Piper, M. E., and Bailey, M. R. Choline therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 8-5-1978;2(8084):318. PubMed
  8. Morrison, L. M. and W. F. Gonzales. Choline in coronary atherosclerosis. Amer.Heart J. 1950;39:729.
  9. Christie, J. G. Blackburn 1. M. Glen A. I. M. Zeisel S. Shering A. & Yates C. M. Effects of choline and lecithin on CSF choline levels and on cognitive functioning in patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Nutrition and the brain 1979;5
  10. Sidhu N, Davies S, Nadarajah A, et al. Oral choline supplementation for postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 2013;111(2):249-55. PubMed
  11. Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders has high feasibility and tolerability. Nutr Res. 2013;33(11):897-904. PubMed
  12. Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(5): 1113-25.
  13. Ross RG, Hunter SK, McCarthy L, et al. Perinatal choline effects on neonatal pathophysiology related to later schizophrenia risk. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(3):290-8. PubMed
  14. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Choline. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B-6, Vitamin B-12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press; 1998:390-422.

See these in context on the Choline monograph →

Lutein 2 references
  1. Brown L, Rimm EB, Seddon JM, et al. A prospective study of carotenoid intake and risk of cataract extraction in US men. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:517-24. PubMed
  2. Chasan-Taber L, Willett WC, Seddon JM, et al. A prospective study of carotenoid and vitamin A intakes and risk of cataract extraction in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:509-16. PubMed

See these in context on the Lutein monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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