Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 6 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

3D Pump Unleashed Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Unbound

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

3D Pump Unleashed is a dietary supplement by Unbound with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 414 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Amla Fruit Extract, Sodium, L-Citrulline. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of 3D Pump Unleashed by Unbound

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “3D PUMP Breakthrough” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (6,000 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

3D Pump Unleashed contains 8 ingredients, including sodium, silicon dioxide, L-citrulline, tapioca dextrin, glycerol, Himalayan Pink Sea Salt, Amla Fruit Extract, and AstraGin. The active components work together to support muscle pump and blood flow during workouts.

Gelatin and water serve as inactive ingredients (capsule material and filler). The product is designed as a pre-workout or intra-workout supplement to enhance nutrient delivery and performance.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: nitric oxide activation for muscle pump and nutrient delivery.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Erectile dysfunction (ED), Muscle strength, Exercise-induced vasodilation, Blood flow optimization.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Glycerol is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: L-citrulline is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: L-citrulline is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Erectile dysfunction (ED), Muscle strength.

The ingredients in this product show mixed evidence for their intended purposes. L-citrulline is possibly effective for athletic performance.

Silicon dioxide (from Tapioca Dextrin and Silicon Dioxide ingredient sources) is possibly effective for osteoporosis. Glycerol is likely effective for constipation and possibly effective for athletic performance, though it's included here in a smaller role.

For most cardiovascular and metabolic claims tied to these ingredients—heart failure, diabetes, prediabetes—the evidence we hold is insufficient to rate their effectiveness. Sodium itself has limited effectiveness ratings; it's likely effective for cystic fibrosis but only possibly effective for preventing amphotericin B kidney damage.

The overall effectiveness of the blend for 'pump' and workout performance relies on L-citrulline and glycerol, where the data supports possible benefit for athletic performance.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Silicon L-citrulline Tapioca Glycerol Indian Gooseberry

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

The main safety concern is sodium intake. Sodium is essential in small amounts but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain.

Normal dietary sodium is fine, but this product should not be combined with sodium supplements or very high dietary sodium intake without medical advice. L-citrulline is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, though gastrointestinal discomfort and heartburn have been reported; long-term safety is not fully studied.

L-citrulline should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data. Silicon dioxide from food and most supplements is generally well tolerated, but high-dose or long-term safety is not well studied; it should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Tapioca dextrin and glycerol are generally well tolerated, though glycerol in large oral doses can cause stomach upset. Amla Fruit Extract is generally well tolerated as a food but is less studied in supplement form; it should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

A small number of trial participants reported gastrointestinal discomfort, fatigue, or musculoskeletal pain with Amla Fruit Extract.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Silicon L-citrulline Tapioca Glycerol Indian Gooseberry

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Indian Gooseberry, L-citrulline, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 414 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check your exact medications if you take antihypertensive drugs (Moderate risk from sodium and L-citrulline), lithium (Moderate risk from sodium), blood thinners or anticoagulants including aspirin and clopidogrel (Moderate risk from Amla Fruit Extract), diabetes medications (Moderate risk from Amla Fruit Extract), phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors like sildenafil (Moderate risk from L-citrulline), corticosteroids, didanosine, or sodium-containing medications. Use the medication checker on this page to verify your specific drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is designed for athletes and active individuals seeking pump support and blood flow. If you take blood pressure medications, lithium, diabetes medications, blood thinners (including aspirin or clopidogrel), or erectile dysfunction medications, talk with your pharmacist before starting—several ingredients interact with these drug classes.

Avoid if you have kidney disease, uncontrolled high blood pressure, or are pregnant or breastfeeding. Check your medications with our tool before you buy.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 21, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about 3D Pump Unleashed, straight from the product label.

Brand Unbound
Barcode (UPC) 649908601763
Net contents 200 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 21, 2025
DSLD ID 329459
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for 3D Pump Unleashed by Unbound, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
5 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
10 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
20
UPC/BARCODE
649908601763
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates1.5 Gram(s)1%
Sodium96 mg4%
Silicon Dioxide0 NP--
L-Citrulline0 NP--
Tapioca Dextrin0 NP--
Glycerol0 NP--
Himalayan Pink Sea Salt250 mg--
Amla Fruit Extract0 NP--
AstraGin50 mg--
3D PUMP Breakthrough6000 mg--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

3DPUMP UNLEASHED is a potent nitric-oxide activator providing maximum muscle pump and nutrient delivery to the most demanding athletes. 3DPUMP UNLEASHED contains patented ingredients backed by research and is scientifically formulated to support improved blood flow, vascularity, muscle fullness and hydration. Stimulant-Free for easy stacking & caffeine cycling. Transparent label & independent lab tested.

Muscle Pump Catalyst

No added color, flavor, sweetener, or preservatives. Manufactured without Lactose or Gluten.

Made in the USA with ingredients sourced worldwide

Formula

FUELED BY: 3DPUMP BREAKTHROUGH AstraGin

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: To UNLEASH skin-splitting pumps, take 30-45 minutes prior to training with at least 12 oz of water. 175 lbs & over: take 1 serving (10 capsules). Under 175 lbs: take ½ serving (5 capsules) and increase up to 10 capsules if a greater pump is desired. Can be stacked with UNLOAD or UNBENT.

Precautions

Warning: Keep out of reach of children. Not for use by individuals under the age of 18 years.

Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Consult a physician before use if you have a medical condition or are taking any medication.

Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

Processed in a facility and/or manufacturing line that also produces milk, tree nuts, nuts and soy.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

Be Unequaled. UNBOUND is for those who set standards, rather than follow them. It is a call to reject limitations in the pursuit of what's ours. UNBOUND is a demand to ourselves not to be bound by the restraints of others; to be UNEQUALED in a world of mediocrity. Together, we are UNBOUND. Together, we are the UNEQUALED.

Brand IP Statement(s)

AstraGin is a registered trademark of NuLiv Science. 3DPUMP-Breakthrough is a patented ingredient (US Patent Numbers: 10,925,911 & 10,993,978) appears herein under license from Zenith Innovations-all rights reserved.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

See for yourself

3D Pump Unleashed by Unbound label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in 3D Pump Unleashed by Unbound

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size5 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container20 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
96 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Himalayan Pink Sea Salt

250 mg per serving

AstraGin

50 mg per serving Form: Astragalus membranaceus, Panax notoginseng

3D PUMP Breakthrough

6000 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

3D Pump Unleashed by Unbound Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against 3D Pump Unleashed?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
414Drugs
414 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in 3D Pump Unleashed with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Amla Fruit Extract4 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg as a single dose or twice daily for 10 days reduces platelet aggregation by about 24% to 36%, increases bleeding time by about 3.8-5.9 seconds, and increases clotting time by about 9.8-12.7 seconds when compared to baseline. However, taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg along with clopidogrel 75 mg or ecosprin 75 mg, as a single dose or for 10 days, does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation or increase bleeding time or clotting time when compared with clopidogrel 75 mg or ecosprin 75 mg alone. Until more is known, use caution when taking Indian gooseberry in combination with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Taking Indian gooseberry with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry fruit or fruit extract alone or in conjunction with antidiabetes medications can lower blood glucose levels. Dose adjustments to diabetes medications might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with aspirin; however, research is conflicting.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg as a single dose or twice daily for 10 days reduces platelet aggregation by about 24% to 36%, increases bleeding time by about 3.8-5.9 seconds, and increases clotting time by about 9.8-12.7 seconds when compared to baseline. However, taking a single dose of Indian gooseberry 500 mg along with ecosprin 75 mg, or taking a combination of Indian gooseberry 500 mg twice daily plus ecosprin 75 mg once daily for 10 days, does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation or increase bleeding time or clotting time when compared with ecosprin 75 mg alone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with clopidogrel; however, research is conflicting.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg as a single dose or twice daily for 10 days reduces platelet aggregation by about 24% to 36%, increases bleeding time by about 3.8-5.9 seconds, and increases clotting time by about 9.8-12.7 seconds when compared to baseline. However, taking a single dose of Indian gooseberry 500 mg along with clopidogrel 75 mg, or taking a combination of Indian gooseberry 500 mg twice daily plus clopidogrel 75 mg once daily for 10 days, does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation or increase bleeding time or clotting time when compared with clopidogrel 75 mg alone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

L-Citrulline2 drug types · 178 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-citrulline with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the chance of hypotension.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. However, a meta-analysis of 5 small clinical studies suggests that taking L-citrulline 3-6 grams daily for 1-8 weeks does not lower blood pressure when compared with control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors

Theoretically, concurrent use of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and L-citrulline might result in additive vasodilation.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. Theoretically, taking L-arginine with PDE-5 inhibitors might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for 3D Pump Unleashed, from the product label.

Unbound

Name
NutraBio Labs, Inc.
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

3D Pump Unleashed by Unbound: Common Questions

Does 3D Pump Unleashed by Unbound interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, 3D Pump Unleashed has a known interaction with 414 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
3D Pump Unleashed contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this have a lot of sodium in it?
Yes—the product contains sodium as an active ingredient. If you're on blood pressure medication, take lithium, or have been told to limit sodium by your doctor, this isn't the right choice for you without medical clearance. Even if you're not on medication, normal dietary sodium is fine, but avoid adding sodium supplements without checking with your doctor first.
Can I take this if I'm on blood pressure medication?
Sodium in this product may reduce how well your blood pressure medication works, and L-citrulline may lower blood pressure further in an unpredictable way. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before using it—don't start on your own.
Will this help me build muscle or get a better pump at the gym?
L-citrulline is possibly effective for athletic performance, and glycerol is also possibly effective for athletic performance, so there's some evidence backing those two ingredients. The other components haven't been studied much for 'pump' specifically, so results vary by person.
Is it safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
There isn't enough safety data for most of these ingredients during pregnancy or breastfeeding—L-citrulline, Silicon Dioxide, and Amla Fruit Extract should all be avoided. Tapioca and glycerol haven't had their pregnancy or breastfeeding safety rated in our data. Talk with your doctor before using this product if you're pregnant or nursing.
What does L-citrulline do?
L-citrulline is converted in your body to L-arginine, which helps relax blood vessels and increase blood flow. That's why it's in a 'pump' product—better blood flow may improve nutrient delivery to muscles during exercise. The evidence shows it's possibly effective for athletic performance.
Can I take this with diabetes medication?
Amla Fruit Extract may lower blood sugar and increase the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) if combined with diabetes medications. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before adding this product—your diabetes medication dose might need adjustment.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

3D Pump Unleashed label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind 3D Pump Unleashed’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Silicon

Silicon is a trace mineral found in the body and in foods like oats, barley, and certain fruits and vegetables, and it is popular in supplements for hair, skin, nail, and bone health. Some s...

Read the full Silicon monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

L-citrulline

Interacts with 178 drugs

L-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. It is popular for exercise performance an...

Read the full L-citrulline monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Tapioca

Tapioca is a starch made from the root of the cassava plant and is mainly used as a food ingredient and gluten-free thickener, not as a medicinal supplement. It is generally safe to eat in n...

Read the full Tapioca monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Glycerol

Glycerol (glycerin) is a sweet, syrupy compound made naturally in the body and widely used in foods, skin products, and medicines. It is well established as a laxative and a skin and eye moi...

Read the full Glycerol monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Indian Gooseberry

Interacts with 208 drugs

Indian gooseberry (amla) is a vitamin C-rich fruit used in Ayurvedic medicine for many purposes, from antioxidant support to cholesterol and digestion. Early research is promising for some u...

Read the full Indian Gooseberry monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

3D Pump Unleashed's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 83 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
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Silicon 19 references
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L-citrulline 8 references
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Tapioca 4 references
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Glycerol 8 references
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Indian Gooseberry 6 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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