Coughout Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Hawaii Pharm
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Coughout against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Coughout is a dietary supplement by Hawaii Pharm with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for cough and respiratory congestion, sore throat, digestive upset.Based on those ingredients, 1,202 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Licorice Root Extract, Dry, Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry, Mullein Flower Extract, Dry. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Coughout by Hawaii Pharm
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Coughout by Hawaii Pharm — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Coughout by Hawaii Pharm
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Coughout contains 4 active ingredients in a liquid form. The product includes a proprietary extract blend (whose individual components are listed separately), plus three dried extracts: thyme leaf, licorice root, and lobelia herb, along with mullein flower extract.
The inactive ingredients are alcohol, water, and glycerin.
Does it work?
Not established
The evidence we hold for most of these ingredients is sparse. Thyme leaf extract, licorice root, and mullein flower extract all show insufficient reliable evidence for bronchitis and common cold — meaning there isn't enough solid research to rate them.
Licorice root is rated possibly effective for canker sores and atopic dermatitis (a type of eczema). Lobelia herb extract is rated possibly ineffective for smoking cessation.
Overall, the effectiveness data for cough relief specifically isn't established in our records.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Thyme leaf extract is generally well tolerated when used medicinally, though the concentrated essential oil can be toxic if swallowed — stick to medicinal amounts only if approved by your doctor. Most common side effects orally are allergic reactions, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting; topically, contact dermatitis and skin irritation can occur.
Licorice root is generally well tolerated in small food amounts, but high doses or long-term use of glycyrrhizin (its active compound) can cause serious problems — the safety data advises against it in pregnancy and there isn't enough information to use it while breastfeeding. Common side effects are headache, nausea, and vomiting.
Lobelia can be toxic at higher doses and is rated likely unsafe in pregnancy and lactation; even low doses (as little as 50 mg) can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, dizziness, tremors, and throat irritation. Mullein flower is generally well tolerated for short-term use, but human safety data are limited; it's best avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient data.
Rare cases of contact dermatitis from mullein have been reported.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Check before using Coughout if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel), digoxin or other heart medications, estrogens (birth control or hormone therapy), anticholinergic or cholinergic nerve medications, lithium, loop diuretics (water pills), cancer drugs like cisplatin or paclitaxel, midazolam, or any drugs your liver metabolizes heavily — this is a conversation for your own doctor or pharmacist.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Coughout is a liquid cough remedy with four herbal extracts, but the evidence for how well any of them work isn't solid in our data. If you take any prescription medications — especially blood thinners, heart drugs, lithium, or drugs that interact with your liver's metabolism — you'll want to clear this with your doctor or pharmacist first because the interactions are real.
The product is generally well tolerated for short-term use, though thyme and mullein have limited safety data, and licorice shouldn't be used in pregnancy. Talk it over with your own doctor or pharmacist before starting.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 14, 2023.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Coughout, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Hawaii Pharm |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 840253668295 |
| Net contents | 4 Fluid Ounce(s); 120 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Dec 14, 2023 |
| DSLD ID | 301498 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Coughout by Hawaii Pharm, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Proprietary Extract Blend | 983 mg | -- |
| Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry | 0 NP | -- |
| Licorice Root Extract, Dry | 0 NP | -- |
| Lobelia Herb Extract, Dry | 0 NP | -- |
| Mullein Flower Extract, Dry | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Alcohol, Water, Glycerin
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Hawaii Pharm Herbal Extract Highest quality since 2008
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: Shake well before using. For adults add about 20-30 drops (0.7-1 mL, one full squeeze of the dropper bulb) to some juice or water, up to 4 times a day.
Precautions
Warning: We recommend to seek expert medical advice before taking.
Do not use if you are allergic to any ingredients.
Consult your physician before giving to children under 18, during pregnancy, if nursing or taking medications.
Consult your physician before giving to children under 18, during pregnancy, if nursing or taking medications.
May affect the ability to drive and operate machinery. May have contraindications, can cause side effects and adverse reactions. Do not use if seal is broken or missing.
Keep out of the reach of children!
Storage
Store in a cool dry place.
Seals/Symbols
cGMP Made in compliance with cGMP 21 CFR 111 in an FDA registered and inspected facility.
Organic Alcohol Based USA Made in United States of America
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This product has not been evaluated by the FDA and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
General Statements
Scan this QR-code to get 15% discount on your next purchase. Limited time deal.
Formulation
Only natural ingredients Purity is laboratory tested and verified
All the raw materials are gluten-free by their nature No artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives
Not tested on animals
Organic Alcohol Based
Made in USA, Hawaii
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Supplement
Formula
Organic Alcohol Based
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Coughout by Hawaii Pharm label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Coughout by Hawaii Pharm
These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size0.7 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container120 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Proprietary Extract Blend
Other (inactive) ingredients: Alcohol, Water, Glycerin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Coughout by Hawaii Pharm Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Coughout by Hawaii Pharm has documented interactions through its thyme leaf extract, licorice root extract, and lobelia herb extract.
The most serious finding involves licorice root and warfarin (Coumadin), a blood thinner — licorice may reduce warfarin's effectiveness by speeding up how your body clears it, which could raise your clotting risk.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Thyme leaf extract has moderate interactions with estrogens (including birth control and hormone replacement therapy), blood thinners, and two categories of nerve drugs: anticholinergic drugs (used for muscle spasms and overactive bladder) and cholinergic drugs (used for myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's disease). The thyme effects are theoretical in humans, based on lab studies.
Licorice root interacts with digoxin (a heart medication), several drug-metabolizing pathways that affect many common medications, loop diuretics (water pills like furosemide), two cancer drugs (cisplatin and paclitaxel), and midazolam (a sedative). Lobelia has a moderate interaction with lithium (a mood stabilizer) — its potential diuretic effects may raise lithium levels.
Mullein flower extract has a minor interaction with blood thinners.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,203 individual medications. Before starting Coughout, check your exact medications with the search tool on this page or talk with your doctor or pharmacist.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Coughout?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Coughout interact with 1,202 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 4 ingredients in Coughout interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Licorice Root Extract, Dry Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry Mullein Flower Extract, Dry Lobelia Herb Extract, Dry
Ado-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Abciximab interactionMullein Flower Extract, DryAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Lab tests on extracts from different parts of common and dense-flowered mullein plants show that they do have some blood-thinning effects, as they increase the time it takes for blood to clot.
Read the full Mullein Flower Extract, Dry + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Coughout — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Abrocitinib interactionThyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Abrocitinib interactionMullein Flower Extract, DryAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Lab tests on extracts from different parts of common and dense-flowered mullein plants show that they do have some blood-thinning effects, as they increase the time it takes for blood to clot.
Read the full Mullein Flower Extract, Dry + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acalabrutinib interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acenocoumarol interactionMullein Flower Extract, DryAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Lab tests on extracts from different parts of common and dense-flowered mullein plants show that they do have some blood-thinning effects, as they increase the time it takes for blood to clot.
Read the full Mullein Flower Extract, Dry + Acenocoumarol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acepromazine interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Coughout — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionLicorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionMullein Flower Extract, DryAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Lab tests on extracts from different parts of common and dense-flowered mullein plants show that they do have some blood-thinning effects, as they increase the time it takes for blood to clot.
Read the full Mullein Flower Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Coughout — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionLicorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionMullein Flower Extract, DryAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Lab tests on extracts from different parts of common and dense-flowered mullein plants show that they do have some blood-thinning effects, as they increase the time it takes for blood to clot.
Read the full Mullein Flower Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionThyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with Coughout — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryDiuretic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionThyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionLicorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionLicorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionThyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionThyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionLicorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Cold Plus Cough, Tylenol Cold Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionThyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic GG
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionThyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylephrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS, Histex SR, Protid
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionLicorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic, Rhinogesic JR
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionThyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlumadrine, Conex, Sinadrin Max Strength, Sinulin
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Coughout — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Licorice Root Extract, DryCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice Root Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionThyme Leaf Extract, DryAnticholinergic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Read the full Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Coughout with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Licorice Root Extract, Dry
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
In human research, licorice increases blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of cisplatin.
In animal research, licorice diminished the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin.
Corticosteroids
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice and corticosteroids might increase the side effects of corticosteroids.
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of licorice and oral corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, can potentiate the duration of activity and increase blood levels of corticosteroids. Additionally, in one case report, a patient with neurogenic orthostatic hypertension stabilized on fludrocortisone 0.1 mg twice daily developed pseudohyperaldosteronism after recent consumption of large amounts of black licorice.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that licorice extract and glabridin, a licorice constituent, inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes. Licorice extract from the species G. uralensis seems to inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes to a greater degree than G. glabra extract in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6; however, these interactions have not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro, licorice extracts from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibit CYP2C19 isoenzymes in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro, licorice extract from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibits CYP2C8 isoenzymes. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
There is conflicting evidence about the effect of licorice on CYP2C9 enzyme activity. In vitro research shows that extracts from the licorice species G. glabra and G. uralensis moderately inhibit CYP2C9 isoenzymes. However, evidence from an animal model shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis can induce hepatic CYP2C9 activity. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP2C9 substrates.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin, taken in a dosage of 150 mg orally twice daily for 14 days, modestly decreases the area under the concentration-time curve of midazolam by about 20%. Midazolam is a substrate of CYP3A4, suggesting that glycyrrhizin modestly induces CYP3A4 activity. Animal research also shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis induces CYP3A4 activity. However, licorice extract from G. glabra species appear to inhibit CYP3A4-induced metabolism of testosterone in vitro. It is thought that the G. glabra inhibits CYP3A4 due to its constituent glabridin, which is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor in vitro and not present in other licorice species. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP3A4 substrates.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with digoxin might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity.
Overuse or misuse of licorice with cardiac glycoside therapy might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity due to potassium loss.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Overuse of licorice might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. In one case report, a 72-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, stroke, and hepatic dysfunction was hospitalized with severe hypokalemia and uncontrolled hypertension due to pseudohyperaldosteronism. This was thought to be provoked by concomitant daily consumption of a product containing 225 mg of glycyrrhizin, a constituent of licorice, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for 1 month.
Estrogens
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen therapy.
Theoretically, licorice might interfere with estrogen therapy due to estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects.
Loop Diuretics
Theoretically, loop diuretics might increase the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice.
Theoretically, loop diuretics might enhance the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice by inhibiting the enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone; however, bumetanide (Bumex) does not appear to have this effect.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease levels of midazolam.
In humans, the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin appears to moderately induce the metabolism of midazolam. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by licorice. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking midazolam.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice can increase P-glycoprotein activity.
Paclitaxel (Abraxane, Onxol)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of paclitaxel.
Multiple doses of licorice taken concomitantly with paclitaxel might reduce the effectiveness of paclitaxel. Animal research shows that licorice 3 grams/kg given orally for 14 days before intravenous administration of paclitaxel decreases the exposure to paclitaxel and increases its clearance. Theoretically, this occurs because licorice induces cytochrome P450 3A4 enzymes, which metabolize paclitaxel. Notably, a single dose of licorice did not affect exposure or clearance of paclitaxel.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
Licorice seems to increase metabolism and decrease levels of warfarin in animal models. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) metabolism by licorice. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid taking licorice.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of methotrexate.
Animal research suggests that intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin, a licorice constituent, and high-dose methotrexate may delay methotrexate excretion and increase systemic exposure, leading to transient elevations in liver enzymes and total bilirubin. This interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Thyme Leaf Extract, Dry
Anticholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that thyme leaf extract has antiplatelet effects. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Cholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, concurrent use of cholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might cause additive cholinergic effects.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, thyme might competitively inhibit the effects of estrogen replacement therapy.
In vitro research shows that thyme has estrogen receptor-binding activity and phytoestrogen content. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.
Mullein Flower Extract, Dry
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Lab tests on extracts from different parts of common and dense-flowered mullein plants show that they do have some blood-thinning effects, as they increase the time it takes for blood to clot. This is likely due to at least one of the known constituents of muellein, triterpenoid saponins. However, the effects appear to be mild and results have been inconsistent. Extracts from different plant parts have been show to have varying anticoagulant strengths, with water-based ones being more potent than alcohol-based extracts.
Lobelia Herb Extract, Dry
Lithium
Lobelia is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, lobelia might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Coughout, from the product label.
Hawaii Pharm
See all Hawaii Pharm products- Name
- Hawaii Pharm LLC
- Street Address
- 510 Sumner St. Ste. 613
- City
- Honolulu
- State
- HI
- ZipCode
- 96817
- Phone Number
- 888-854-2924
- Web Address
- www.hawaiipharm.com
Coughout by Hawaii Pharm: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Coughout is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Coughout’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Thyme
Interacts with 379 drugsThyme is a common kitchen herb that has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and digestive complaints. It is generally safe in the amounts found in food, and some cough products that com...
Read the full Thyme monograph → Herb & supplement monographLicorice
Interacts with 1,040 drugsLicorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regular licorice contains glycyrrhizin, whic...
Read the full Licorice monograph → Herb & supplement monographLobelia
Interacts with 1 drugLobelia is a traditional herb once used for breathing problems and to help people quit smoking, but reliable evidence supporting these uses is lacking. It can be toxic in higher amounts, cau...
Read the full Lobelia monograph → Herb & supplement monographMullein
Interacts with 122 drugsMullein is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea or syrup to soothe coughs, sore throats, and respiratory irritation. High-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefits a...
Read the full Mullein monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Coughout's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 118 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Thyme 18 references
- Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217:369-78. PubMed
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Okazaki K, Kawazoe K, Takaishi Y. Human platelet aggregation inhibitors from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Phytother Res 2002;16:398-9. .
- Spiewak R, Skorska C, Dutkiewicz J. Occupational airborne contact dermatitis caused by thyme dust. Contact Dermatitis 2001;44:235-9. . PubMed
- Ernst E, Marz R, Sieder C. A controlled multi-centre study of herbal versus synthetic secretolytic drugs for acute bronchitis. Phytomedicine 1997;4:287-93. PubMed
- Yamamoto J, Yamada K, Naemura A, et al. Testing various herbs for antithrombotic effect. Nutrition 2005;21(5):580-7. PubMed
- Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432. PubMed
- Mackiewicz, B., Skorska, C., Dutkiewicz, J., Michnar, M., Milanowski, J., Prazmo, Z., Krysinska-Traczyk, E., and Cisak, E. Allergic alveolitis due to herb dust exposure. Ann Agric Environ Med 1999;6(2):167-170.
- Martinez-Gonzalez, M. C., Goday Bujan, J. J., Martinez, Gomez W., and Fonseca, Capdevila E. Concomitant allergic contact dermatitis due to Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Thymus vulgaris (thyme). Contact Dermatitis 2007;56(1):49-50.
- Jukic, M., Politeo, O., Maksimovic, M., Milos, M., and Milos, M. In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of thymol, carvacrol and their derivatives thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone. Phytother.Res 2007;21(3):259-261.
- Marzian, O. [Treatment of acute bronchitis in children and adolescents. Non-interventional postmarketing surveillance study confirms the benefit and safety of a syrup made of extracts from thyme and ivy leaves]. MMW.Fortschr.Med 6-28-2007;149(27-28 Suppl
- Cuzzolin, L. and Benoni, G. Attitudes and knowledge toward natural products safety in the pharmacy setting: an Italian study. Phytother.Res 2009;23(7):1018-1023. PubMed
- Berova, N., Stransky, L., and Krasteva, M. Studies on contact dermatitis in stomatological staff. Dermatol.Monatsschr. 1990;176(1):15-18.
- Smeenk, G., Kerckhoffs, H. P., and Schreurs, P. H. Contact allergy to a reaction product in Hirudoid cream: an example of compound allergy. Br.J Dermatol. 1987;116(2):223-231.
- Le Roy, R., Grosshans, E., and Foussereau, J. [Investigation of contact allergies in 100 cases of ulcus cruris (author's transl)]. Derm.Beruf.Umwelt. 1981;29(6):168-170.
- Lorenzi, S., Placucci, F., Vincenzi, C., Bardazzi, F., and Tosti, A. Allergic contact dermatitis due to thymol. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(6):439-440. PubMed
- Bahadoran P, Rokni FK, Fahami F. Investigating the therapeutic effect of vaginal cream containing garlic and thyme compared to clotrimazole cream for the treatment of mycotic vaginitis. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2010;15(Suppl 1):343-9.
- Erol S, Aydin B, Dilli D, Okumus N, Zenciroglu A, Gündüz M. An interesting newborn case of fructose 1-6 diphosphatase deficiency triggered after thyme juice ingestion. Clin Lab. 2014;60(1):151-3. PubMed
Licorice 92 references
- Farese RV Jr, Biglieri EG, Shackleton CH, et al. Licorice-induced hypermineralocorticoidism. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1223-7. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir HA, Ragnarsson J, Franzson L, Sigurdsson G. Is blood pressure commonly raised by moderate consumption of liquorice? J Hum Hypertens 1995;9:345-8.
- Armanini D, Lewicka S, Pratesi C, et al. Further studies on the mechanism of the mineralocorticoid action of licorice in humans. J Endocrinol Invest 1996;19:624-9. PubMed
- Zhang YD, Lorenzo B, Reidenberg MM. Inhibition of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase obtained from guinea pig kidney by furosemide, naringenin and some other compounds. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994;49:81-5.
- Strandberg TE, Jarvenpaa AL, Vanhanen H, McKeigue PM. Birth outcome in relation to licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:1085-8. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir HA, Franzson L, Manhem K, et al. Liquorice-induced rise in blood pressure: a linear dose-response relationship. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15:549-52. PubMed
- Amato P, Christophe S, Mellon PL. Estrogenic activity of herbs commonly used as remedies for menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2002;9:145-50. PubMed
- Kent UM, Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Hollenberg PF. The licorice root derived isoflavan glabridin inhibits the activities of human cytochrome P450S 3A4, 2B6, and 2C9. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:709-15.. PubMed
- Yoshida S, Takayama Y. Licorice-induced hypokalemia as a treatable cause of dropped head syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2003;105:286-7.. PubMed
- Strandberg TE, Andersson S, Jarvenpaa AL, et al. Preterm birth and licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:803-5.. PubMed
- Hussain RM. The sweet cake that reaches parts other cakes can't! Postgrad Med J 2003;79:115-6.. PubMed
- Morris DJ, Davis E, Latif SA. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:849-50. PubMed
- Quinkler M, Stewart PM. Hypertension and the cortisol-cortisone shuttle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2384-92. PubMed
- Westman EC, Guthrie GP. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:850. PubMed
- Mu Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, et al. Traditional Chinese medicines Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) activate pregnane X receptor and increase warfarin clearance in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:1369-77. PubMed
- Yasue H, Itoh T, Mizuno Y, Harada E. Severe hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis, muscle paralysis, and respiratory impairment in a hypertensive patient taking herbal medicines containing licorice. Intern Med 2007;46:575-8. PubMed
- Brayley J, Jones J. Life-threatening hypokalemia associated with excessive licorice ingestion (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:617-8. PubMed
- de Klerk GJ, Nieuwenhuis G, Beutler JJ. Hypokalaemia and hypertension associated with use of liquorice flavoured chewing gum. BMJ 1997;314:731-2.
- Dellow EL, Unwin RJ, Honour JW. Pontefract cakes can be bad for you: refractory hypertension and liquorice excess. Nephol Dial Transplant 1999;14:218-20. PubMed
- Elinav E, Chajek-Shaul T. Licorice consumption causing severe hypokalemic paralysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:767-8. PubMed
- Eriksson JW, Carlberg B, Hillom V. Life-threatening ventricular tachycardia due to liquorice-induced hypokalemia. J Intern Med 1999;245:307-10.
- Janse A, van Iersel M, Hoefnagels WH, Olde Rikker MG. The old lady who liked liquorice: hypertension due to chronic intoxication in a memory-impaired patient. Neth J Med 2005;63:149-50.
- Lin SH, Yang SS, Chau T, Halperin ML. An unusual cause of hypokalemic paralysis: chronic licorice ingestion. Am J Med Sci 2003;325:153-6. PubMed
- van den Bosch AE, van der Klooster JM, Zuidgeest DM, et al. Severe hypokalemic paralysis and rhabdomyolysis due to ingestion of liquorice. Neth J Med 2005;63:146-8.
- van Uum SH. Liquorice and hypertension. Neth J Med 2005;63:119-20.
- Russo S, Mastropasqua M, Mosetti MA, et al. Low doses of liquorice can induce hypertension encephalopathy. Am J Nephrol 2000;20:145-8. PubMed
- Stormer FC, Reistad R, Alexander J. Glycyrrhizic acid in liquorice - evaluation of health hazard. Food Chem Toxicol 1993;31:303-12. PubMed
- Sontia B, Mooney J, Gaudet L, Touyz RM. Pseudohyperaldosteronism, liquorice, and hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008;10:153-7. PubMed
- Francini-Pesenti F, Puato M, Piccoli A, Brocadello F. Liquorice-induced hypokalaemia and water retention in the absence of hypertension. Phytother Res 2008;22:563-5. PubMed
- Lapi F, Gallo E, Bernasconi S, et al. Myopathies associated with red yeast rice and liquorice: spontaneous reports from the Italian Surveillance System of Natural Health Products. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;66:572-4. PubMed
- Chen MF, Shimada F, Kato H, Yano S, Kanaoka M. Effect of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following low dosage of prednisolone hemisuccinate. Endocrinol Jpn 1990;37:331-41. PubMed
- Teelucksingh S, Mackie AD, Burt D, McIntyre MA, Brett L, Edwards CR. Potentiation of hydrocortisone activity in skin by glycyrrhetinic acid. Lancet 1990;335(8697):1060-3. PubMed
- Heidemann HT, Kreuzfelder E. Hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria due to licorice ingestion and diuretic treatment. Klin Wochenschr 1983;61:303-5. PubMed
- Hukkanen J, Ukkola O, Savolainen MJ. Effects of low-dose liquorice alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide on the plasma potassium in healthy volunteers. Blood Press 2009;18:192-5. PubMed
- Bisogni V, Rossi GP, Calò LA. Apparent mineralcorticoid excess syndrome, an often forgotten or unrecognized cause of hypokalemia and hypertension: case report and appraisal of the pathophysiology. Blood Press. 2014 Jun;23(3):189-92. PubMed
- Dehours E, Vallé B, Rougé-Bugat ME, Florent B, Bounes V, Franchitto N. Suspected hypokalaemia following liquorice ingestion on board ship. J Telemed Telecare. 2013 Jun;19(4):227-8. PubMed
- Kormann R, Languille E, Amiot HM, Hertig A. Dying for a cup of tea. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Oct 19;2012. PubMed
- Panduranga P, Al-Rawahi N. Licorice-induced severe hypokalemia with recurrent torsade de pointes. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2013 Nov;18(6):593-6. PubMed
- Räikkönen K, Seckl JR, Heinonen K, Pyhälä R, Feldt K, Jones A, Pesonen AK, Phillips DI, Lahti J, Järvenpää AL, Eriksson JG, Matthews KA, Strandberg TE, Kajantie E. Maternal prenatal licorice consumption alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis fu
- Robles BJ, Sandoval AR, Dardon JD, Blas CA. Lethal liquorice lollies (liquorice abuse causing pseudohyperaldosteronism). BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Sep 19;2013. PubMed
- Chamberlain, J. J. and Abolnik, I. Z. Pulmonary edema following a licorice binge. West J Med 1997;167(3):184-185.
- Barrella, M., Lauria, G., Quatrale, R., and Paolino, E. Hypokaliemic rhabdomyolysis associated with liquorice ingestion: report of an atypical case. Ital.J Neurol.Sci 1997;18(4):217-220. PubMed
- Fugh-Berman, A. Herb-drug interactions. Lancet 2000;355(9198):134-138. PubMed
- Hasegawa, J., Suyama, Y., Kinugawa, T., Morisawa, T., and Kishimoto, Y. Echocardiographic findings of the heart resembling dilated cardiomyopathy during hypokalemic myopathy due to licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther 1998;12(6):59 PubMed
- van Rossum, T. G., Vulto, A. G., Hop, W. C., Brouwer, J. T., Niesters, H. G., and Schalm, S. W. Intravenous glycyrrhizin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 199 PubMed
- Lozano, P., Flores, D., Martinez, S., Artigues, I., Rimbau, E. M., and Gomez, F. Upper limb ischemia induced by chronic licorice ingestion. J Cardiovasc.Surg (Torino) 2000;41(4):631-632.
- Brouwers, A. J. and van der, Meulen J. ['Licorice hypertension' also caused by licorice tea]. Ned.Tijdschr Geneeskd. 4-14-2001;145(15):744-747.
- van Rossum, T. G., Vulto, A. G., Hop, W. C., and Schalm, S. W. Glycyrrhizin-induced reduction of ALT in European patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96(8):2432-2437. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir, H. A., Manhem, K., Axelson, M., and Wallerstedt, S. Subjects with essential hypertension are more sensitive to the inhibition of 11 beta-HSD by liquorice. J Hum Hypertens 2003;17(2):125-131.
- Shintani, S., Murase, H., Tsukagoshi, H., and Shiigai, T. Glycyrrhizin (licorice)-induced hypokalemic myopathy. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Eur Neurol 1992;32(1):44-51. PubMed
- Chen, M. F., Shimada, F., Kato, H., Yano, S., and Kanaoka, M. Effect of oral administration of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone. Endocrinol Jpn 1991;38(2):167-174. PubMed
- Lee, C. K., Park, K. K., Lim, S. S., Park, J. H., and Chung, W. Y. Effects of the licorice extract against tumor growth and cisplatin-induced toxicity in a mouse xenograft model of colon cancer. Biol Pharm Bull 2007;30(11):2191-2195. PubMed
- Isaia, G. C., Pellissetto, C., Ravazzoli, M., and Tamone, C. Acute adrenal crisis and hypercalcemia in a patient assuming high liquorice doses. Minerva Med 2008;99(1):91-94.
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