Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Estro 7 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Nutra Innovations

Estro 7 label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Estro 7 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Estro 7 is a dietary supplement by Nutra Innovations with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for boosting testosterone, reducing estrogen (aromatase inhibition), athletic and bodybuilding performance.Based on those ingredients, 1,023 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Bioperine, 7-Methoxyflavone. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Estro 7 by Nutra Innovations

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Estro 7 by Nutra Innovations — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Estro 7 by Nutra Innovations

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 23, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 2 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Estro 7 contains 2 active ingredients. The first is 7-methoxyflavone, a plant-derived compound.

The second is Bioperine, an extract of black pepper (piperine) that is often used to increase how well the body absorbs other nutrients. The product also contains several inactive ingredients—brown rice flour, gelatin, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, silicon dioxide, and food dyes—which serve as fillers, binders, and capsule material.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

We hold no graded evidence for this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: estrogen control and hormone balance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Estrogen dominance, Hormonal imbalance, Xenoestrogen exposure, Polycystic ovary syndrome.
  • Our graded evidence for these ingredients doesn't cover that particular purpose.

We hold no effectiveness data for 7-methoxyflavone in our monograph. For Bioperine (black pepper), the evidence isn't established for the conditions it's sometimes marketed for—hay fever, asthma, athletic performance, headache, depression, and diarrhea all carry a rating of insufficient reliable evidence.

This means the research so far hasn't been strong enough to say whether it works for these uses.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient 7-methoxyflavone Black Pepper

How safe is it?

Some data gaps
Safety Information · database check
Some gaps

Safety data exists for these ingredients, but with some important gaps.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Safety data for 7-methoxyflavone are very limited. The available information flags unknown safety concerns and possible effects on hormones, and advises against use until more is known.

Bioperine (black pepper extract) is generally well tolerated in food amounts, and most people tolerate a single medicinal dose without trouble. The most common side effects from oral use are a burning aftertaste, upset stomach, and reduced taste perception.

Allergic reactions are rare but have occurred in sensitive individuals. When it comes to pregnancy, Bioperine is rated likely safe during pregnancy and lactation, but we hold no pregnancy or lactation safety data on file for 7-methoxyflavone.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient 7-methoxyflavone Black Pepper

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Pepper, 7-methoxyflavone.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,024 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take Estro 7, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take testosterone therapy or aromatase inhibitors such as anastrozole and exemestane. Also double-check if you're on propranolol, phenytoin, theophylline, nevirapine, rifampin, cyclosporine, atorvastatin, or pentobarbital—Bioperine may raise blood levels of these drugs and change how they work.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and some safety-information gaps remain.

This product combines an ingredient with very limited safety data (7-methoxyflavone) and a known ability to change how your body handles many medications (Bioperine). If you take testosterone therapy, aromatase inhibitors, or medications for the heart, seizures, breathing, HIV, infections, or rejection, you should clear this supplement with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Even if you don't take those drugs, the hormone-related effects of 7-methoxyflavone mean it's worth discussing with your own healthcare provider before starting.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 22, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Estro 7, straight from the product label.

Brand Nutra Innovations
Barcode (UPC) 850027848136
Net contents 60 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 22, 2023
DSLD ID 287099
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Estro 7 by Nutra Innovations, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
850027848136
IngredientAmount% DV
7-Methoxyflavone25 mg--
Bioperine5 mg--

Other ingredients: Brown Rice Flour, Gelatin, Magnesium Stearate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Silicon Dioxide, FD&C Green #3, FD&C Yellow #6

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Estrogen control

Estrogen control Hormone balance Organ

Estrogen control On-cycle support

Manufactured in the USA for Nutra Innovations

General Statements

Irregularly high estrogen levels can produce excess body fat retention, water weight, and potentially other deleterious effects. Moreover, modern innovations, such as plastics, can release estrogen-like compounds in our bodies, xenoestrogens or phthalates in the case of plastics.

Did you love it? We hope you did & we'd love to hear your feedback. 1. Open your camera app & scan the QR code 2. Give us a follow & DM us what you think! Join the conversation Instagram Twitter Facebook @nutrainnovation www.nutrainnovations.com

Stackable series

Formula

The estrogen our bodies produce is tightly regulated, but it can be altered by intervention. One potential way is with 7-methoxyflavone.

Precautions

Warning: Keep out of reach of children.

Consult your physician prior to using this product if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition.

Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

For adult use only.

Seals/Symbols

FDA Registered Facility Good Manufacturing Practice GMP

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Take 1 serving (1 capsule) up to 2 times daily with food & water.

Brand IP Statement(s)

BioPerine is a trademark of Sabinsa Corp.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Estro 7 by Nutra Innovations label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Estro 7 label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Estro 7 by Nutra Innovations

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

7-Methoxyflavone

Interacts with
12 drugs
25 mg per serving

7-Methoxyflavone is a lab-made or plant-derived flavonoid marketed mainly in testosterone-boosting and bodybuilding supplements based on the idea that...

7-Methoxyflavone monograph & interactions

Bioperine

Interacts with
1,019 drugs
5 mg per serving Form: Black Pepper Extract

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to he...

Bioperine monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Brown Rice Flour, Gelatin, Magnesium Stearate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Silicon Dioxide, FD&C Green #3, FD&C Yellow #6. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Estro 7 by Nutra Innovations Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Estro 7?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,023Drugs
980 Moderate 43 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Bioperine 1,019
7-Methoxyflavone 12

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Estro 7 interact with 1,023 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 2 ingredients in Estro 7 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Bioperine 7-Methoxyflavone

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Estro 7 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Bioperine17 drug types · 1,019 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit platelet aggregation. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of atorvastatin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, 35 mg/kg can increase the maximum serum concentration of atorvastatin three-fold. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research suggests that some constituents of black pepper inhibit CYP2D6. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and pharmacokinetic simulation data suggest that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, as well as the pepper fruit seem to inhibit CYP3A4. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of lithium due to its diuretic effects. The dose of lithium might need to be reduced.
Black pepper is thought to have diuretic properties.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Nevirapine (Viramune)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the plasma concentration of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were observed in this study.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit P-glycoprotein.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption, slow elimination, and increase levels of phenytoin. Taking a single dose of black pepper 1 gram along with phenytoin seems to double the serum concentration of phenytoin. Consuming a soup with black pepper providing piperine 44 mg/200 mL of soup along with phenytoin also seems to increase phenytoin levels when compared with consuming the same soup without black pepper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Propranolol (Inderal)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of propranolol.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Theophylline

Black pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of theophylline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of amoxicillin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, with amoxicillin increases plasma levels of amoxicillin. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine, potentially increasing the effects and side effects of carbamazepine.
One clinical study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that taking a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase carbamazepine absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects. In vitro research also shows that piperine can increase carbamazepine levels by 11% in a time-dependent manner.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that black pepper induces CYP1A2. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bioperine full monograph & interactions

7-Methoxyflavone2 drug types · 12 drugs

Aromatase Inhibitors

In vitro evidence shows that 7-methoxyflavone inhibits aromatase. Theoretically, 7-methoxyflavone might have an additive effects when used with other aromatase inhibitors, potentially increasing the therapeutic effects and adverse effects associated with these drugs. Some aromatase inhibitors include anastrozole (Arimidex), exemestane (Aromasin), and letrozole (Femara).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Testosterone

In vitro evidence shows that 7-methoxyflavone inhbits aromatase. Inhibiting aromatase reduces the conversion of testosterone and other androgens to estrogens. Theoretically, use of 7-methoxyflavone with testosterone might increase the effects and side effects of testosterone therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
7-Methoxyflavone full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Estro 7, from the product label.

Nutra Innovations

See all Nutra Innovations products
Name
Nutra Innovations
Street Address
6290 McDonough Dr Suite E
City
Norcross
State
GA
ZipCode
30093
Web Address
www.NutraInnovations.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Estro 7 by Nutra Innovations: Common Questions

Does Estro 7 by Nutra Innovations interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Estro 7 has a known interaction with 1,023 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Estro 7 contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
Bioperine (black pepper) is rated likely safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, we don't have safety data on file for 7-methoxyflavone in pregnancy or lactation. Since the safety profile of 7-methoxyflavone overall is not well established, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
What are the side effects of black pepper extract?
Black pepper extract is generally well tolerated. The most common side effects from taking it by mouth are a burning aftertaste, upset stomach (dyspepsia), and reduced taste perception. Rare allergic reactions including hives, facial swelling, and cough have been reported in sensitive individuals.
Does this product actually work for hormone balance or anything else?
We don't have effectiveness data to support claims about 7-methoxyflavone. For the black pepper extract, the evidence isn't strong enough to say it works for hay fever, asthma, athletic performance, headache, depression, or diarrhea—the conditions it's sometimes promoted for.
Why does this product interact with so many medications?
Bioperine (black pepper extract) can slow how your body eliminates certain drugs and increase how much of them you absorb, which raises their blood levels and effects. This happens with heart medications, seizure drugs, asthma drugs, antibiotics, and others. That's why it can interact with over 1,000 individual medications across many classes.
What is 7-methoxyflavone and what does it do?
7-methoxyflavone is a plant-derived compound. In the lab, it appears to inhibit an enzyme called aromatase, which normally converts testosterone to estrogen. Theoretically, this could affect hormone balance, but human safety and effectiveness data are very limited, so we don't know if it actually works or whether it's safe to take.
Is this product safe?
The available safety data are very limited, especially for 7-methoxyflavone. The safety notes advise against use due to unknown safety and possible effects on hormones. Additionally, the Bioperine component can change how many medications work in your body. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this is right for you given your individual health and medications.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Estro 7 label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Estro 7’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

7-methoxyflavone

Interacts with 12 drugs

7-Methoxyflavone is a lab-made or plant-derived flavonoid marketed mainly in testosterone-boosting and bodybuilding supplements based on the idea that it blocks the aromatase enzyme. However...

Read the full 7-methoxyflavone monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Black Pepper

Interacts with 1,019 drugs

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to help the body absorb other ingredients (li...

Read the full Black Pepper monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Estro 7's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 30 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

7-methoxyflavone 1 reference
  1. Ta N, Walle T. Aromatase inhibition by bioavailable flavones. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007;107(1-2):127-9.

See these in context on the 7-methoxyflavone monograph →

Black Pepper 29 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  3. Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9. PubMed
  4. Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7. PubMed
  5. Cohle SD, Trestrail JD III, Graham MA, et al. Fatal pepper aspiration. Am J Dis Child 1988;142:633-6. PubMed
  6. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50. PubMed
  7. Velpandian T, Jasuja R, Bhardwaj RK, et al. Piperine in food: interference in the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2001;26:241-7. PubMed
  8. Pattanaik S, Hota D, Prabhakar S, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of a single dose of piperine with steady-state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients. Phytother Res 2009;23:1281-6.
  9. Munakata, M., Kobayashi, K., Niisato-Nezu, J., Tanaka, S., Kakisaka, Y., Ebihara, T., Ebihara, S., Haginoya, K., Tsuchiya, S., and Onuma, A. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil facilitates oral feeding in pediatric patients receiving long-term en
  10. Myers, B. M., Smith, J. L., and Graham, D. Y. Effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82(3):211-214.
  11. Raghavendra, R. H. and Naidu, K. A. Spice active principles as the inhibitors of human platelet aggregation and thromboxane biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2009;81(1):73-78. PubMed
  12. Subehan, Usia, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by alkamides of Piper nigrum. Planta Med 2006;72(6):527-532.
  13. Kasibhatta, R. and Naidu, M. U. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine under fasting conditions: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R.D. 2007;8(6):383-391. PubMed
  14. Usia, T., Iwata, H., Hiratsuka, A., Watabe, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitory activities of Indonesian medicinal plants. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(1-2):67-73. PubMed
  15. Mujumdar, A. M., Dhuley, J. N., Deshmukh, V. K., Raman, P. H., Thorat, S. L., and Naik, S. R. Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 1990;28(5):486-487.
  16. Panda, S. and Kar, A. Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5'D activity in adult male mice. Horm.Metab Res. 2003;35(9):523-526. PubMed
  17. Lawless, H. and Stevens, D. A. Effects of oral chemical irritation on taste. Physiol Behav. 1984;32(6):995-998. PubMed
  18. Hiwale, A. R., Dhuley, J. N., and Naik, S. R. Effect of co-administration of piperine on pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2002;40(3):277-281.
  19. Han, Y., Chin Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of piperine on P-gp function and expression. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2008;230(3):283-289. PubMed
  20. Sharma, P., Varma, M. V., Chawla, H. P., and Panchagnula, R. In situ and in vivo efficacy of peroral absorption enhancers in rats and correlation to in vitro mechanistic studies. Farmaco 2005;60(11-12):874-883. PubMed
  21. Aher, S., Biradar, S., Gopu, C. L., and Paradkar, A. Novel pepper extract for enhanced P-glycoprotein inhibition. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2009;61(9):1179-1186. PubMed
  22. Zutshi, R. K., Singh, R., Zutshi, U., Johri, R. K., and Atal, C. K. Influence of piperine on rifampicin blood levels in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. J Assoc.Physicians India 1985;33(3):223-224.
  23. Marotta, R. B. and Floch, M. H. Diet and nutrition in ulcer disease. Med Clin North Am 1991;75(4):967-979. PubMed
  24. Subehan, Usia, T., Iwata, H., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-24-2006;105(3):449-455. PubMed
  25. Gimenez L, Zacharisen M. Severe pepper allergy in a young child. WMJ. 2011 Jun;110(3):138-9.
  26. Ren T, Yang M, Xiao M, Zhu J, Xie W, Zuo Z. Time-dependent inhibition of carbamazepine metabolism by piperine in anti-epileptic treatment. Life Sci. 2019;218:314-323. PubMed
  27. Thomas AB, Choudhary DC, Raje A, Nagrik SS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interaction of piperine with atorvastatin in rats. J Chromatogr Sci 2021;59(4):371-80. PubMed
  28. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
  29. Lin F, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhong D, Liu J. Predicting Food-Drug Interactions between Piperine and CYP3A4 Substrate Drugs Using PBPK Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(20):10955. PubMed

See these in context on the Black Pepper monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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