Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

RBI Vision Performance Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Vitamin Science Inc.

RBI Vision Performance label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking RBI Vision Performance against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

RBI Vision Performance is a dietary supplement by Vitamin Science Inc. with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for eye health, age-related macular degeneration, cataract prevention.Based on those ingredients, 1,120 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Astaxanthin, Saffron, European Black Currant. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against RBI Vision Performance by Vitamin Science Inc.

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with RBI Vision Performance by Vitamin Science Inc. — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of RBI Vision Performance by Vitamin Science Inc.

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 10, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

RBI Vision Performance contains 5 active ingredients: lutein and zeaxanthin are two carotenoids (plant pigments) your eyes use to filter out harmful light and protect the retina; astaxanthin is another carotenoid with antioxidant properties; European black currant provides gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a type of fatty acid; and saffron is a spice extract traditionally used in herbal medicine. The capsule also contains several inactive ingredients including rice flour, vegetarian cellulose, and mixed tocopherols (a form of vitamin E).

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Retinal health and vision performance support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Asthenopia (eye strain), Cataracts, Diabetic retinopathy, Dry eye, retinal function — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Lutein is rated "Possibly Effective" for Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Lutein is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cataracts.
  • Also on file: Zeaxanthin is rated "Possibly Effective" for Age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Lutein and zeaxanthin are both possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts, though the evidence is not conclusive. For other eye and brain conditions listed—retinitis pigmentosa, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and age-related cognitive decline—the evidence is either insufficient to rate or suggests they may not work.

Saffron is possibly effective for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and Alzheimer disease, but for astaxanthin and European black currant, the evidence on file is insufficient to establish effectiveness for most conditions tested.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Lutein Zeaxanthin Astaxanthin Black Currant Saffron

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Lutein is generally well tolerated at typical supplement doses; however, supplement safety data in pregnancy and breastfeeding are limited, so the facts note caution is warranted. Zeaxanthin and European black currant are similarly generally well tolerated at standard amounts, though concentrated supplement safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well studied.

Astaxanthin is generally well tolerated in studies but has limited long-term safety data and should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Saffron extract is usually well tolerated but can cause gastrointestinal upset, nausea, vomiting, sedation, and in rare cases anaphylaxis; it should be avoided during pregnancy because it may stimulate the uterus, and breastfeeding safety is not well established.

Astaxanthin may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, or red-colored stool.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Lutein Zeaxanthin Astaxanthin Black Currant Saffron

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Saffron, Astaxanthin, Black Currant, Zeaxanthin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,121 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking RBI Vision Performance, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take: drugs broken down by liver enzymes CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 (astaxanthin may lower their levels); blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (black currant may increase bleeding risk); antidiabetes medications (zeaxanthin and saffron may increase hypoglycemia risk); sleep aids, sedatives, or anxiety medications (saffron may add sedating effects); antipsychotics called phenothiazines (black currant may lower seizure threshold); blood pressure medications (saffron may lower pressure further); or caffeine supplements or heavy caffeine use (saffron may slow caffeine breakdown). These are Moderate-severity theoretical risks—none have been confirmed in humans yet, but they're worth discussing with your healthcare provider.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may interest you if you're looking to support eye health as you age, particularly for macular degeneration or cataracts—lutein and zeaxanthin have some evidence for these uses. If you take blood thinners, antidiabetes drugs, antipsychotics, sedatives, blood pressure medications, or high amounts of caffeine, or if you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.

Use the interaction checker on this page to confirm your specific medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 22, 2015.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about RBI Vision Performance, straight from the product label.

Brand Vitamin Science Inc.
Barcode (UPC) 899205000317
Net contents 30 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 22, 2015
DSLD ID 46049
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for RBI Vision Performance by Vitamin Science Inc., sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
899205000317
IngredientAmount% DV
Lutein20 mg--
Zeaxanthin4 mg--
Astaxanthin1 mg--
European Black Currant45 mg--
Saffron2 mg--

Other ingredients: Rice Flour, Marigold flower extract, Vegetarian Cellulose, natural Astaxanthin extract, European Black Currant extract, Stearate, Starch, Cellulosic Gum, Mixed Tocopherols, Maltodextrin, Saffron extract

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

R.B.I. Vision Performance(R) provides a Retinal Baselayer Infusion of natural nutrients that have been clinically proven to quicken retinal transmission speed, improve photoreceptor recovery, build healthy retinal pigment, and promote: High-Speed focus across light and shade ~ Accelerated visual recognition and reaction time ~ Enhanced contrast sensitivity and depth perception ~ Faster recovery from glare ~ Reduced visual fatigue

Lutemax 2020(R) is a registered trademark of Omniactive Health Technlogies Satiereal(R) is a registered trademark of INOREAL. International patents pending.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

DIRECTIONS: TAKE ON CAPSULE DAILY

Precautions

Do not use if outer seal is broken.

Storage

Keep at room temperature.

General Statements

MADE IN USA

30 days to better vision

SHARPEN FOCUS HEIGHTEN CONTRAST SEE IT SOONER

30-day supply

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

MANUFACTURED TO CGMP STANDARDS

THE GOLD STANDARD BSCG BANNED SUBSTANCES CONTROL GROUP WWW.BSCG.ORG CERTIFIED DRUG FREE(R)

Satiereal(R)

Lutemax(R) 2020 LUTEIN & ZEAXATHIN

Formulation

Safe, Science-Backed and Guaranteed Banned Substance-Free

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

RBI Vision Performance by Vitamin Science Inc. label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

RBI Vision Performance label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in RBI Vision Performance by Vitamin Science Inc.

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Lutein

No known
interactions
20 mg per serving

Lutein is a plant-based antioxidant pigment that concentrates in the eye, and the best evidence suggests it (often combined with zeaxanthin) may help...

Lutein monograph & interactions

Zeaxanthin

Interacts with
86 drugs
4 mg per serving

Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment that, along with lutein, concentrates in the macula of the eye and may help support long-term eye health. The stron...

Zeaxanthin monograph & interactions

Astaxanthin

Interacts with
671 drugs
1 mg per serving

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise...

Astaxanthin monograph & interactions

European Black Currant

Interacts with
140 drugs
45 mg per serving Form: Cyanidin-3-Glucosides

Black currant is a nutritious berry that is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, and its seed oil contains the omega-6 fatty acid GLA. While it is enjo...

European Black Currant monograph & interactions

Saffron

Interacts with
521 drugs
2 mg per serving

Saffron is a costly spice that has shown promise in early studies for mild-to-moderate depression and some mood and PMS symptoms, but most research us...

Saffron monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Rice Flour, Marigold flower extract, Vegetarian Cellulose, Natural Astaxanthin extract, European Black Currant extract, Stearate, Starch, Cellulosic Gum, Mixed Tocopherols, Maltodextrin, Saffron extract. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

RBI Vision Performance by Vitamin Science Inc. Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against RBI Vision Performance?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,120Drugs
1,120 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Astaxanthin 671
Saffron 521
European Black Currant 140
Zeaxanthin 86

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in RBI Vision Performance interact with 1,120 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 5 ingredients in RBI Vision Performance interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Astaxanthin Saffron European Black Currant Zeaxanthin

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in RBI Vision Performance with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Astaxanthin2 drug types · 671 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces cytochrome CYP2B6 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces CYP3A4 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Astaxanthin full monograph & interactions

Saffron4 drug types · 521 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some clinical research shows that taking saffron extract reduces fasting levels of glucose when used in addition to hypoglycemic agents. However, saffron powder itself has not been shown to reduce fasting glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Animal and human research suggests that saffron extract can decrease blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Caffeine

Theoretically, saffron might inhibit the metabolism of caffeine.
A small clinical study suggests that taking saffron powder 300 mg in 150 mL water daily for 5 days and then taking caffeine 200 mg seems to reduce caffeine metabolite levels in the saliva and urine in males, but not females. Theoretically, this may be due to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 by saffron.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use of saffron and CNS depressants might have additive sedative effects.
Clinical research shows that taking saffron extract 60 mg orally daily for 26 weeks can cause drowsiness and sedation. Animal research suggests that adding saffron to hexobarbital further increases sleeping and slows motor activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Saffron full monograph & interactions

European Black Currant2 drug types · 140 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, black currant seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding if used in combination with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a constituent of black currant seed oil, appears to have antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenothiazines

Theoretically, black currant seed oil might increase the risk of seizure in patients receiving phenothiazines.
Black currant seed oil contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). There is some concern that taking supplements containing GLA might cause seizures, or lower the seizure threshold, when taken with phenothiazines, although there is no evidence that black currant seed oil causes seizures. In one report, three patients with schizophrenia who had received phenothiazines developed EEG changes suggestive of temporal lobe epilepsy after starting treatment with GLA, although none experienced an actual seizure. In another report, two patients with schizophrenia who were stabilized on phenothiazines developed seizures when evening primrose 4 grams daily, which contains GLA, was added. One of these patients had a prior history of seizures.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
European Black Currant full monograph & interactions

Zeaxanthin1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking zeaxanthin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In an animal diabetic model, zeaxanthin has hypoglycemic effects. However, population research has found that increasing intake of dietary zeaxanthin plus lutein does not decrease the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Zeaxanthin full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for RBI Vision Performance, from the product label.

Vitamin Science Inc.

See all Vitamin Science Inc. products
Name
Vitamin Science, Inc.
City
Huntington
State
NY
ZipCode
11743
Phone Number
1-800-427-7660
Web Address
www.RBIvitamins.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

RBI Vision Performance by Vitamin Science Inc.: Common Questions

Does RBI Vision Performance by Vitamin Science Inc. interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, RBI Vision Performance has a known interaction with 1,120 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
RBI Vision Performance contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Lutein and zeaxanthin are likely safe in pregnancy and lactation based on available data. Astaxanthin should be avoided in both pregnancy and breastfeeding—there isn't enough safety information. Saffron should be avoided in pregnancy because it may stimulate the uterus, and breastfeeding safety hasn't been established. European black currant lacks sufficient safety data for both. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice, since each ingredient has a different safety profile.
What are the side effects I should watch for?
Most people tolerate these ingredients well at standard doses. Astaxanthin may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, or red-colored stool. Saffron can cause nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal upset, or sedation at therapeutic doses. Black currant may cause mild diarrhea in some users. Allergic reactions to saffron, though rare, can be serious and happen quickly. Stop and contact your doctor if you experience unexpected symptoms.
Does this actually work for vision?
Lutein and zeaxanthin have possibly effective evidence for age-related macular degeneration and cataracts, but the research isn't definitive. For other eye conditions and cognitive decline, the evidence is either insufficient or suggests these ingredients may not help. Saffron shows possibly effective evidence for chemotherapy-related nerve damage and Alzheimer disease, but astaxanthin and black currant lack enough evidence on file to establish effectiveness for the conditions tested.
What is saffron doing in an eye supplement?
Saffron is included because it has possibly effective evidence for Alzheimer disease and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy according to our data. While it's a spice, it's been studied as a medicinal extract. The amount and form matter—supplement doses are much higher and more concentrated than what you'd add to food.
How much lutein is in each capsule?
The product facts provided don't include the exact dose per capsule for any ingredient. Check the label on your bottle for the amount of lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, black currant, and saffron in each dose.
Can I take this with my blood pressure medication?
Saffron in this product may theoretically add to the blood-pressure-lowering effects of your medication, which could drop your pressure too low. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before combining them—they may want to monitor your blood pressure or adjust your dose.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

RBI Vision Performance label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind RBI Vision Performance’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Lutein

Lutein is a plant-based antioxidant pigment that concentrates in the eye, and the best evidence suggests it (often combined with zeaxanthin) may help slow progression of age-related macular...

Read the full Lutein monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Zeaxanthin

Interacts with 86 drugs

Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment that, along with lutein, concentrates in the macula of the eye and may help support long-term eye health. The strongest evidence relates to slowing progres...

Read the full Zeaxanthin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Astaxanthin

Interacts with 671 drugs

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...

Read the full Astaxanthin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Black Currant

Interacts with 140 drugs

Black currant is a nutritious berry that is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, and its seed oil contains the omega-6 fatty acid GLA. While it is enjoyed safely as a food and is popular as a...

Read the full Black Currant monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Saffron

Interacts with 521 drugs

Saffron is a costly spice that has shown promise in early studies for mild-to-moderate depression and some mood and PMS symptoms, but most research uses small trials, so results are not defi...

Read the full Saffron monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

RBI Vision Performance's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 37 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Lutein 2 references
  1. Brown L, Rimm EB, Seddon JM, et al. A prospective study of carotenoid intake and risk of cataract extraction in US men. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:517-24. PubMed
  2. Chasan-Taber L, Willett WC, Seddon JM, et al. A prospective study of carotenoid and vitamin A intakes and risk of cataract extraction in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:509-16. PubMed

See these in context on the Lutein monograph →

Zeaxanthin 4 references
  1. Montonen J, Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Reunanen A. Dietary antioxidant intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:362-6. PubMed
  2. Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, et al. The effects of lutein on cardiometabolic health across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103(2):481-94. PubMed
  3. Kou L, Du M, Zhang C, Dai Z, Li X, Zhang B. The Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, and Anti-Diabetic Nephritic Activities of Zeaxanthin in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017;182(3):944-955. PubMed
  4. Xu X, Zhao X, Berde Y, Low YL, Kuchan MJ. Milk and Plasma Lutein and Zeaxanthin Concentrations in Chinese Breast-Feeding Mother-Infant Dyads With Healthy Maternal Fruit and Vegetable Intake. J Am Coll Nutr 2019;38(2):179-184. PubMed

See these in context on the Zeaxanthin monograph →

Astaxanthin 3 references
  1. Kupcinskas L, Lafolie P, Lignell A, et al. Efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled
  2. Kistler, A., Liechti, H., Pichard, L., Wolz, E., Oesterhelt, G., Hayes, A., and Maurel, P. Metabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. Arch.Toxicol. 2002;75(11-12):665-675. PubMed
  3. Choi HD, Youn YK, Shin WG. Positive effects of astaxanthin on lipid profiles and oxidative stress in overweight subjects. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2011;66:363-369. PubMed

See these in context on the Astaxanthin monograph →

Black Currant 6 references
  1. Guivernau M, Meza N, Barja P, Roman O. Clinical and experimental study on the long-term effect of dietary gamma-linolenic acid on plasma lipids, platelet aggregation, thromboxane formation, and prostacyclin production. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty A PubMed
  2. Fa-lin Z, Zhen-yu W, Yan H, et al. Efficacy of blackcurrant oil soft capsule, a Chinese herbal drug, in hyperlipidemia treatment. Phytother Res 2010;24 Suppl 2:S209-13. PubMed
  3. Holman CP and Bell AF. A trial of evening primrose oil in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia. J Orhtomolecular Psych 1983;12:302-304.
  4. Vaddadi KS. The use of gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid to differentiate between temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Med 1981;6(4):375-379. PubMed
  5. Norred, C. L. and Brinker, F. Potential coagulation effects of preoperative complementary and alternative medicines. Alt Ther 2001;7(6):58-67.
  6. Puri BK. The safety of evening primrose oil in epilepsy. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essential Fatty Acids 2007;77:101-3. PubMed

See these in context on the Black Currant monograph →

Saffron 22 references
  1. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  4. Feo F, Martinez J, Martinez A, et al. Occupational allergy in saffron workers. Allergy 1997;52:633-41. PubMed
  5. Wuthrich B, Schmid-Grendelmeyer P, Lundberg M. Anaphylaxis to saffron. Allergy 1997;52:476-7. PubMed
  6. Akhondzadeh S, Tahmacebi-Pour N, Noorbala AA, et al. Crocus sativus L. in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2005;19:148-51.
  7. Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad S. A prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) on semen parameters and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasth
  8. Fatehi, M., Rashidabady, T., and Fatehi-Hassanabad, Z. Effects of Crocus sativus petals' extract on rat blood pressure and on responses induced by electrical field stimulation in the rat isolated vas deferens and guinea-pig ileum. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; PubMed
  9. Modaghegh, M. H., Shahabian, M., Esmaeili, H. A., Rajbai, O., and Hosseinzadeh, H. Safety evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus) tablets in healthy volunteers. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(12):1032-1037. PubMed
  10. Imenshahidi, M., Hosseinzadeh, H., and Javadpour, Y. Hypotensive effect of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and its constituents, safranal and crocin, in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Phytother.Res 12-9-2009;
  11. Zhang, Y., Shoyama, Y., Sugiura, M., and Saito, H. Effects of Crocus sativus L. on the ethanol-induced impairment of passive avoidance performances in mice. Biol.Pharm Bull. 1994;17(2):217-221. PubMed
  12. Wuthrich, B., Schmid-Grendelmeyer, P., and Lundberg, M. Anaphylaxis to saffron. Allergy 1997;52(4):476-477. PubMed
  13. Akhondzadeh S, Sabet MS, Harirchian MH, Togha M, Cheraghmakani H, Razeghi S, Hejazi SSh, Yousefi MH, Alimardani R, Jamshidi A, Zare F, Moradi A. Saffron in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a 16-week, randomized and plac
  14. Kashani L, Eslatmanesh S, Saedi N, Niroomand N, Ebrahimi M, Hosseinian M, Foroughifar T, Salimi S, Akhondzadeh S. Comparison of Saffron versus Fluoxetine in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Postpartum Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Ph PubMed
  15. Kianbakht S, Ghazavi A. Immunomodulatory effects of saffron: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2011 Dec;25(12):1801-5. PubMed
  16. Mazidi M, Shemshian M, Mousavi SH, Norouzy A, Kermani T, Moghiman T, Sadeghi A, Mokhber N, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA. A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the treatment of anxiety and depression. J C
  17. Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad S. An open label, randomized, fixed-dose, crossover study comparing efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate and saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) for treating erectile dysfunction in men naïve to treatment. Int J Impo PubMed
  18. Talaei A, Hassanpour Moghadam M, Sajadi Tabassi SA, Mohajeri SA. Crocin, the main active saffron constituent, as an adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial. J Affect Disord. 2 PubMed
  19. Azimi P, Ghiasvand R Feizi A, Hariri M, Abbasi B. Effects of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron, and ginger consumption on markers of glycemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud. 2014 Fall-Winter;11(3-4
  20. Begas E, Bounitsi M, Kilindris T, et al. Effects of short-term saffron (Crocus sativus L.) intake on the in vivo activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in healthy volunteers. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;130:32-43. PubMed
  21. Moravej Aleali A, Amani R, Shahbazian H, Namjooyan F, Latifi SM, Cheraghian B. The effect of hydroalcoholic Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) extract on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, liver, and renal function tests in patients with type 2 diabet
  22. Abbaszadeh-Mashkani S, Hoque SS, Banafshe HR, Ghaderi A. The effect of crocin (the main active saffron constituent) on the cognitive functions, craving, and withdrawal syndrome in opioid patients under methadone maintenance treatment. Phytother Res. 2021; PubMed

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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