Soft Tissue Soother Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Herb Pharm
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Soft Tissue Soother against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Soft Tissue Soother is a dietary supplement by Herb Pharm with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for wound healing, varicose veins and poor circulation, anxiety and stress.Based on those ingredients, 1,338 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried, Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract, Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Soft Tissue Soother by Herb Pharm
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Soft Tissue Soother contains four active herbal extracts. The product lists a proprietary extract blend as the first ingredient; its component parts are detailed in the other three active ingredients listed: gotu kola aerial parts, echinacea root (fresh, undried), horsetail aerial parts (fresh, undried), and hawthorn berry with flowering aerial parts.
The inactive ingredients are cane alcohol and distilled water.
Does it work?
Not established
The evidence base for this product's effectiveness is limited across all four ingredients. Gotu kola is possibly effective for venous insufficiency and burns, but possibly ineffective for radiation dermatitis and cognitive function, with insufficient evidence for Alzheimer's disease and anxiety.
Echinacea has insufficient evidence to rate for anxiety, athletic performance, ADHD, burns, chronic fatigue, and migraines. Horsetail has insufficient evidence for urinary incontinence, obesity, tonsillitis, and hair loss.
Hawthorn likewise shows insufficient evidence for angina, anxiety, irregular heartbeat, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive function. In short, we don't have solid data establishing that this blend works for any particular condition.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Gotu kola is generally well tolerated short-term, though quality evidence is limited and case reports of liver toxicity exist — four cases have been reported, though whether gotu kola was the cause remains unclear. The most common side effects are stomach irritation and nausea; topically, it can cause eczema.
Echinacea is generally well tolerated but may cause allergic reactions, especially in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants; rare cases of hepatitis have been reported. Common side effects include abdominal pain, diarrhea, heartburn, nausea, and rashes.
Horsetail carries limited safety research. Short-term use by healthy adults is considered cautious; common effects include bloating, increased bowel movements, and nausea.
Crude horsetail contains thiaminase, which can deplete thiamine (vitamin B1) with long-term use. Hawthorn is generally well tolerated in studies, though rare multiorgan reactions resulting in acute kidney failure have been reported; palpitations and circulation failure have occurred in cardiac patients.
Regarding pregnancy and breastfeeding: gotu kola is rated possibly safe in pregnancy but best avoided while breastfeeding. Echinacea is possibly safe in pregnancy but has no safety data for breastfeeding.
Horsetail should be avoided in both pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient data. Hawthorn should be avoided in both pregnancy and breastfeeding as well.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you use nitrates or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (like sildenafil for erectile dysfunction), blood pressure or heart rate medications (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers), blood thinners (warfarin or antiplatelet drugs), diabetes medications, diuretics, lithium, HIV medications (including efavirenz and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors), cancer medications like etoposide, immunosuppressants, digoxin, or any central nervous system depressants. The hawthorn content poses the highest-severity risk with nitrates and PDE-5 inhibitors.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product may appeal to someone looking for herbal support, but the evidence that it actually works for any specific condition isn't established in our data. More importantly, it carries substantial interaction potential — especially if you take medications for blood pressure, heart rhythm, blood clotting, diabetes, or HIV, or if you use any immunosuppressants or certain psychiatric medications.
Before starting, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it's appropriate for you and your current medications.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 22, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Soft Tissue Soother, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Herb Pharm |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 090900000392 |
| Net contents | 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Mar 22, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 307687 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Soft Tissue Soother by Herb Pharm, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Proprietary Extract Blend | 665 mg | -- |
| Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried | 0 NP | -- |
| Horsetail Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried | 0 NP | -- |
| Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Cane Alcohol, Water, Distilled
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use Shake well before using Adults: Add 1 squeeze of the dropper bulb to 2 oz. of water or juice, 2 to 4 times per day. Best taken between meals.
Precautions
Keep out of the reach of children
Storage
Store away from heat & light
Formulation
System restoration Muscluloskeletal
Gluten-free
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Supplement
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Soft Tissue Soother by Herb Pharm label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Soft Tissue Soother by Herb Pharm
These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size0.7 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container42 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Other (inactive) ingredients: Cane Alcohol, Water, Distilled. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Soft Tissue Soother by Herb Pharm Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Herb Pharm's Soft Tissue Soother contains four active ingredients, and through its gotu kola, echinacea, horsetail, and hawthorn content, it interacts with a substantial number of medications.
The most serious interaction is hawthorn with nitrates and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5 inhibitors like sildenafil), which may cause dangerous drops in blood pressure through additive vasodilatory effects — both are Major severity concerns.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Gotu kola may increase sedation if combined with central nervous system depressants (CNS depressants), and it carries theoretical risk of liver toxicity when used alongside hepatotoxic drugs. Echinacea presents moderate-level interactions with drugs metabolized through the cytochrome P450 system, including CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 substrates — it can raise caffeine levels by around 30% and may affect cancer medications like etoposide.
It also interferes theoretically with immunosuppressants and antiretroviral drugs, though minor interactions with blood thinners like warfarin and HIV protease inhibitors have shown limited clinical significance.
Horsetail interacts moderately with diabetes medications (raising low blood sugar risk), diuretics (worsening potassium loss), lithium (raising lithium levels), and antiretroviral drugs including efavirenz and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Hawthorn adds moderate concerns with blood pressure and heart rate medications — beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin — plus anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs (blood thinners), which may increase bleeding risk.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,339 individual medications.
Before you start this product, search your exact medications on the tool below to see if any fall into these categories.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
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Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Soft Tissue Soother interact with 1,338 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 4 ingredients in Soft Tissue Soother interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract Horsetail Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried
AvanafilStendra
How Avanafil interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Avanafil interactionEchinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Avanafil interactionFinasteride, TadalafilEntadfi
How Finasteride, Tadalafil interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Finasteride, Tadalafil interactionEchinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Finasteride, Tadalafil interactionGlyceryl TrinitrateNitronal
How Glyceryl Trinitrate interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Glyceryl Trinitrate interactionIsosorbide DinitrateAngitak, Cedocard Retard, Isoket, Isoket Retard, Isordil
How Isosorbide Dinitrate interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Isosorbide Dinitrate interactionIsosorbide Dinitrate, HydralazineBiDil
How Isosorbide Dinitrate, Hydralazine interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Isosorbide Dinitrate, Hydralazine interactionIsosorbide MononitrateAngeze, Angeze SR, Chemydur 60XL, Dynamin, Elantan, Elantan LA +13 more
How Isosorbide Mononitrate interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Isosorbide Mononitrate interactionMacitentan, TadalafilOpsynvi
How Macitentan, Tadalafil interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionGotu Kola Aerial Parts ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionEchinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionNicorandilAprior, Dancor, Ikorel, Sigmart, Zynicor
How Nicorandil interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Nicorandil interactionNitroglycerinGonitro, Nitro Time, Nitro-Bid, Nitrocine Timecaps, Nitrogard, Nitrogard SR +7 more
How Nitroglycerin interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Nitroglycerin interactionPentaerythritol TetranitratePeritrate, Peritrate SA
How Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractNitrates Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate interactionSildenafilRevatio
How Sildenafil interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Sildenafil interactionEchinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Sildenafil interactionSildenafil CitrateViagra
How Sildenafil Citrate interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Sildenafil Citrate interactionEchinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Sildenafil Citrate interactionTadalafilCialis, Tadliq
How Tadalafil interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Tadalafil interactionEchinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Tadalafil interactionVardenafilLevitra, Staxyn
How Vardenafil interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractPhosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Vardenafil interactionEchinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Vardenafil interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + 6-mercaptopurine interactionGotu Kola Aerial Parts ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Horsetail Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, UndriedNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (nrtis) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horsetail might decrease the levels and clinical effects of NRTIs.
Read the full Horsetail Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionGotu Kola Aerial Parts ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Horsetail Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, UndriedNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (nrtis) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horsetail might decrease the levels and clinical effects of NRTIs.
Read the full Horsetail Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionGotu Kola Aerial Parts ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gotu Kola Aerial Parts ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract + Abiraterone interactionEchinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Abiraterone Acetate interactionGotu Kola Aerial Parts ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Abrocitinib interactionHawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gotu Kola Aerial Parts ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract + Acarbose interactionHorsetail Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, UndriedAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking horsetail with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Horsetail Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gotu Kola Aerial Parts ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract + Acebutolol interactionHawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractBeta-blockers Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gotu Kola Aerial Parts ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract + Acepromazine interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Gotu Kola Aerial Parts ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract + Acetaminophen interactionEchinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Soft Tissue Soother — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionGotu Kola Aerial Parts ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
Read the full Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionHawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Soft Tissue Soother with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Echinacea Root Extract, Fresh, Undried
Caffeine
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine by around 30%. This is likely due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) by echinacea.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Echinacea appears to inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes in humans. Additionally, echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate, by around 30%. Theoretically, echinacea might increase levels of other drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Several clinical trials have shown that taking echinacea for up to one month does not significantly affect the metabolism of various CYP3A4 substrates, including midazolam, docetaxel, etravirine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and darunavir-ritonavir. However, other clinical research shows that echinacea may increase the clearance of midazolam, suggesting that echinacea might induce CYP3A4. The discrepancy is thought to be due to differing effects of echinacea on intestinal versus hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes. Echinacea appears to induce hepatic CYP3A4 but inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. In some cases, these effects might cancel each other out, but in others, drug levels may be increased or decreased depending on the level of effect at hepatic and intestinal sites. The effect of echinacea on CYP3A4 activity may differ depending on the CYP3A4 substrate.
Etoposide (Vepesid)
Echinacea may increase levels of etoposide.
In one report, concomitant use of etoposide and echinacea was associated with more severe thrombocytopenia than the use of etoposide alone, suggesting inhibition of etoposide metabolism. Etoposide is a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrate. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but some studies have reported inhibition of the enzyme.
Immunosuppressants
Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy because of its immunostimulant activity.
Darunavir (Prezista)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of darunavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Darunavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but administration of an E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg four times daily for 14 days did not affect darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics in 15 HIV-infected patients.
Dayquil Severe
Echinacea is reported to have varying effects on a number of Cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzymes in the liver, including CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, which play a role in acetaminophen and dextromethorphan metabolism (both contained in DayQuil Severe), respectively. Studies have reported both enzyme inhibition and induction, making it difficult to predict clinically significant drug interactions with reliability. Specific drug interaction studies reporting definitive results are rare, and potential drug interactions involving echinacea should likely be taken on a case-by-case basis. Based on what we know about how acetaminophen and dextromethorphan are metabolized, the risk of a clinically significant interaction between echinacea and DayQuil Severe is low.
Docetaxel (Taxotere)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of docetaxel; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea whole plant extract (Echinaforce, A. Vogel Biopharma AG) 20 drops three times daily for 2 weeks did not alter the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in one clinical study.
Etravirine (Intelence)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of etravirine; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Etravirine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of etravirine in HIV-infected patients.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of lopinavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Lopinavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea (Echinamide, Natural Factors Nutritional Products, Inc.) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in healthy volunteers.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, echinacea may increase the metabolism of intravenous midazolam.
Echinacea induces hepatic CYP3A4 and might decrease plasma levels of midazolam by about 20%, reducing the effectiveness of intravenous midazolam. Echinacea also appears to inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, which could theoretically increase the bioavailability of oral midazolam. This may cancel out the decrease in availability caused by induction of hepatic CYP3A4, such that overall plasma levels after oral administration of midazolam are not affected by echinacea.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Echinacea seems to increase the clearance of warfarin, although the effect may not be clinically significant.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy male volunteers suggests that taking echinacea increases the clearance of the active S-isomer of warfarin after a single dose of warfarin, but there was not a clinically significant effect on the INR.
Gotu Kola Aerial Parts Extract
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, taking gotu kola might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
In vitro research suggests that gotu kola may have sedative effects via binding of GABA receptors.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
There are at least four case reports of hepatotoxicity associated with the use of gotu kola. However, more information is needed to determine if gotu kola was the causative factor in these cases.
Hawthorn Berry, Flowering Aerial Parts Extract
Nitrates
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Hawthorn might inhibit PDE-5 and cause vasodilation.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that hawthorn can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, its effect in humans is unclear. One observational study shows that patients taking hawthorn shortly before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or valve replacement surgery have a 10% incidence of postoperative bleeding, compared with 1% in those who never consumed hawthorn extract. However, clinical research shows that taking a specific preparation of dried hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataesor, Soria Natural Lab) 800 mg three times daily for 15 days does not affect platelet aggregation or levels of thromboxane B2, the metabolite of thromboxane A2, in healthy humans.
Beta-Blockers
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure and heart rate.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilation and hypotensive effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Hawthorn appears to improve cardiac output; however, hawthorn does not appear to affect digoxin pharmacokinetics. Case reports suggest that at least one species of hawthorn root extract (Crataegus mexicana) may produce adverse effects similar to digoxin and can cross-react with digoxin assays, leading to falsely elevated plasma digoxin levels.
Horsetail Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking horsetail with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Equisetum myriochaetum has demonstrated hypoglycemic activity in clinical research. In an animal diabetic model, Equisetum giganteum had hypoglycemic effects. It is unclear whether other horsetail species have hypoglycemic effects.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, taking horsetail with diuretic drugs might increase potassium loss and the risk of hypokalemia.
Laboratory research shows that various species of horsetail have diuretic properties. Due to its diuretic effects, there has been concern that taking horsetail along with potassium-depleting diuretics might increase the risk for hypokalemia. However, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that taking horsetail 900 mg daily for 4 days does not affect urinary excretion of electrolytes, including potassium and sodium, despite having a diuretic effect similar to taking hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily. It is unclear if taking horsetail for a longer duration would affect electrolyte levels. Until more is known, use with caution.
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Theoretically, horsetail might decrease the levels and clinical effects of efavirenz.
In two case reports, patients were found to have detectable viral loads when taking horsetail-containing supplements along with an antiretroviral regimen that included efavirenz. In one case, the antiretroviral regimen included zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz; in the other case, the regimen consisted of emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz. One month after discontinuing horsetail, the viral loads became undetectable in both cases. The exact mechanism of this interaction is unknown. It is also unclear if this interaction is specific to efavirenz or if it is related to various components of antiretroviral therapy.
Lithium
Theoretically, horsetail might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Animal research suggests that horsetail has diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, horsetail might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (Nrtis)
Theoretically, horsetail might decrease the levels and clinical effects of NRTIs.
In two case reports, patients were found to have detectable viral loads when taking horsetail-containing supplements along with an antiretroviral therapy. In one case, the antiretroviral regimen included zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz; in the other case, the regimen consisted of emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz. One month after discontinuing the supplement, the viral loads became undetectable in both cases. The exact mechanism of these interactions is unknown. It is also unclear if these interactions are specific to NRTIs or if they are related to various components of antiretroviral therapy.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Soft Tissue Soother, from the product label.
Herb Pharm
See all Herb Pharm products- Name
- Herb Pharm
- City
- Williams
- State
- OR
- ZipCode
- 97544
- Phone Number
- 800-348-4372
- Web Address
- www.herb-pharm.com
Soft Tissue Soother by Herb Pharm: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Soft Tissue Soother is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Soft Tissue Soother’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Gotu Kola
Interacts with 579 drugsGotu kola is a traditional Ayurvedic and Asian herb that people use for wound healing, circulation, skin problems, and as a calming or memory-supporting herb. Some early studies suggest poss...
Read the full Gotu Kola monograph → Herb & supplement monographEchinacea
Interacts with 816 drugsEchinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at best. It is generally well tolerated for sh...
Read the full Echinacea monograph → Herb & supplement monographHorsetail
Interacts with 188 drugsHorsetail is a traditional herb most often used as a mild diuretic and for hair, nail, and bone support, but high-quality human evidence is limited. It can cause thiamine (vitamin B1) loss w...
Read the full Horsetail monograph → Herb & supplement monographHawthorn
Interacts with 191 drugsHawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when added to standard care. However, the ev...
Read the full Hawthorn monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Soft Tissue Soother's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 108 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Gotu Kola 18 references
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- Danese, P., Carnevali, C., and Bertazzoni, M. G. Allergic contact dermatitis due to Centella asiatica extract. Contact Dermatitis 1994;31(3):201.
- Bilbao, I., Aguirre, A., Zabala, R., Gonzalez, R., Raton, J., and Diaz Perez, J. L. Allergic contact dermatitis from butoxyethyl nicotinic acid and Centella asiatica extract. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(6):435-436.
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Echinacea 51 references
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- Chavez ML, Chavez PI. Echinacea. Hosp Pharm 1998;33:180-8.
- Grimm W, Muller HH. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fluid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the incidence and severity of colds and respiratory infections. Am J Med 1999;106:138-43. PubMed
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- Stimpel M, Proksch A, Wagner H, et al. Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect Immun 1984;46:845-9. PubMed
- Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
- Gallo M, Sarkar M, Au W, et al. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea: A prospective controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3141-3. PubMed
- Soon SL, Crawford RI. Recurrent erythema nodosum associated with echinacea herbal therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:298-9. PubMed
- Mullins RJ, Heddle R. Adverse reactions associated with echinacea: the Australian experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:42-51. PubMed
- Logan JL, Ahmed J. Critical hypokalemic renal tubular acidosis due to Sjogren's syndrome: association with the purported immune stimulant echinacea. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:158-9.
- Schulten B, Bulitta M, Ballering-Bruhl B, et al. Efficacy of Echinacea purpurea in patients with a common cold. A placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung 2001;51:563-8.. PubMed
- Yale SH, Glurich I. Analysis of the inhibitory potential of Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea, and Serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:433-9.
- Yale SH, Liu K. Echinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1237-41. PubMed
- Gorski JC, Huang S, Zaheer NA, et al. The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo.Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73 (Abstract PDII-A-8):P94. PubMed
- Lee AN, Werth VP. Activation of autoimmunity following use of immunostimulatory herbal supplements. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:723-7. PubMed
- Goel V, Lovlin R, Barton R, et al. Efficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (Echinilin) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2004;29:75-83.
- Barrett B. Medicinal properties of Echinacea: a critical review. Phytomedicine 2003;10:66-86. PubMed
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- Turner RB, Bauer R, Woelkart K, et al. An evaluation of Echinacea angustifolia in experimental rhinovirus infections. N Engl J Med 2005;353:341-8.
- Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. .
- Perri D, Dugoua JJ, Mills E, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of echinacea (Echinacea augustafolia, e. purpurea and e. pallida) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e262-7.
- Kocaman O, Hulagu S, Senturk O. Echinacea-induced severe acute hepatitis with features of cholestatic autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19:148. PubMed
- Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D. et al. Echinacea for treating the common cold: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010;153:769-77. PubMed
- Press Release: Echinacea herbal products should not be used in children under 12 years old. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (UK). August 20, 2012. Available at: www.mhra.gov.uk/NewsCentre/Pressreleases/CON180627. (Accessed 21 October
- Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D, Rabago D, et al. Placebo effects and the common cold: a randomized controlled trial. Ann.Fam.Med 2011;9:312-22. PubMed
- Haller J, Freund, TF, Pelczer, KG, et al. The anxiolytic potential and psychotropic side effects of an echinacea preparation in laboratory animals and healthy volunteers. Phytother.Res. 2013;27:54-61.
- Grbic J, Wexler I, Celenti R, et al. A phase II trial of a transmucosal herbal patch for the treatment of gingivitis. J Am Dent.Assoc. 2011;142:1168-75. PubMed
- Schapowal A, Berger D, Klein P, et al. Echinacea/sage or chlorhexidine/lidocaine for treating acute sore throats: a randomized double-blind trial. Eur.J Med Res 9-1-2009;14:406-12. PubMed
- Bossaer JB and Odle BL. Probable etoposide interaction with Echinacea. J.Diet.Suppl 2012;9:90-5.
- Abdul MI, Jiang X, Williams KM, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of echinacea and policosanol with warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69:508-15. PubMed
- Kemp, D. E. and Franco, K. N. Possible leukopenia associated with long-term use of echinacea. J Am Board Fam.Pract. 2002;15(5):417-419.
- Liatsos, G., Elefsiniotis, I., Todorova, R., and Moulakakis, A. Severe thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) induced or exacerbated by the immunostimulatory herb Echinacea. Am J Hematol. 2006;81(3):224.
- Penzak, S. R., Robertson, S. M., Hunt, J. D., Chairez, C., Malati, C. Y., Alfaro, R. M., Stevenson, J. M., and Kovacs, J. A. Echinacea purpurea significantly induces cytochrome P450 3A activity but does not alter lopinavir-ritonavir exposure in healthy s
- Maskatia, Z. K. and Baker, K. Hypereosinophilia associated with echinacea use. South.Med J 2010;103(11):1173-1174. PubMed
- Parnham MJ. Benefit-risk assessment of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulation. Phytomed 1996;3:95-102. PubMed
- Schroder-Aasen T, Molden G, Nilsen OG. In vitro inhibition of CYP3A4 by the multiherbal commercial product Sambucus Force and its main constituents Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra. Phytother Res 2012;26(11):1606-13.
- Moltó J, Valle M, Miranda C, et al. Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and darunavir-ritonavir in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55(1):326-30.
- Goey AK, Meijerman I, Rosing H, et al. The effect of Echinacea purpurea on the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;76(3):467-74.
- Moltó J, Valle M, Miranda C, et al. Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and etravirine in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(10):5328-31. PubMed
- Lawrenson JA, Walls T, Day AS. Echinacea-induced acute liver failure in a child. J Paediatr Child Health 2014;50(10):841.
- Hansen TS, Nilsen OG. In vitro CYP3A4 metabolism: inhibition by Echinacea purpurea and choice of substrate for the evaluation of herbal inhibition. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008;103:445-9.
- Gabranis I, Koufakis T1, Papakrivos I, Batala S. Echinacea-associated acute cholestatic hepatitis. J Postgrad Med. 2015;61(3):211-2. PubMed
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Karsch-Völk M, Barrett B, Kiefer D, Bauer R, Ardjomand-Woelkart K, Linde K. Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2014;(2):CD000530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3. PubMed
- Hoban CL, Byard RW, Musgrave IF. Analysis of spontaneous adverse drug reactions to echinacea, valerian, black cohosh and ginkgo in Australia from 2000 to 2015. J Integr Med. 2019;17(5):338-343. PubMed
- Ogal M, Johnston SL, Klein P, Schoop R. Echinacea reduces antibiotic usage in children through respiratory tract infection prevention: a randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2021 Apr 8;26(1):33. PubMed
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Horsetail 14 references
- Sudan BJ. Seborrhoeic dermatitis induced by nicotine of horsetails (Equisetum arvense L.). Contact Dermatitis 1985;13:201-2.
- Perez Gutierrez RM, Laguna GY, Walkowski A. Diuretic activity of Mexican equisetum. J Ethnopharmacol 1985;14:269-72. PubMed
- Lemus I, Garcia R, Erazo S, et al. Diuretic activity of an Equisetum bogotense tea (Platero herb): evaluation in healthy volunteers. J Ethnopharmacol 1996;54:55-8. PubMed
- Revilla MC, Andrade-Cetto A, Islas S, Wiedenfeld H. Hypoglycemic effect of Equisetum myriochaetum aerial parts on type 2 diabetic patients. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;81:117-20. PubMed
- Tiktinskii, O. L. and Bablumian, I. A. [Therapeutic action of Java tea and field horsetail in uric acid diathesis]. Urol.Nefrol.(Mosk) 1983;3(1):47-50.
- Henderson JA, Evans EV, and McIntosh RA. The antithiamine action of Equisetum. J Amer Vet Med Assoc 1952;120:375-378.
- Carneiro DM, Freire RC, Honório TC, Zoghaib I, Cardoso FF, Tresvenzol LM, de Paula JR, Sousa AL, Jardim PC, da Cunha LC. Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial to Assess the Acute Diuretic Effect of Equisetum arvense (Field Horsetail) in Healthy Voluntee
- Klnçalp S, Ekiz F, Basar Ö, Coban S, Yüksel O. Equisetum arvense (Field Horsetail)-induced liver injury. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Feb;24(2):213-4. PubMed
- Ortega García JA, Angulo MG, Sobrino-Najul EJ, Soldin OP, Mira AP, Martínez-Salcedo E, Claudio L. Prenatal exposure of a girl with autism spectrum disorder to 'horsetail' (Equisetum arvense) herbal remedy and alcohol: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2011 M PubMed
- Cordova E, Morganti L, Rodriguez C. Possible Drug-Herb Interaction between Herbal Supplement Containing Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) and Antiretroviral Drugs. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2017;16(1):11-13.
- García Gavilán MD, Moreno García AM, Rosales Zabal JM, Navarro Jarabo JM, Sánchez Cantos A. Case of drug-induced acute pancreatitis produced by horsetail infusions. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2017 Apr;109(4):301-304. PubMed
- Vieira GT, de Oliveira TT, Carneiro MAA, et al. Antidiabetic effect of Equisetum giganteum L. extract on alloxan-diabetic rabbit. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;260:112898. PubMed
- Health Canada. Organism-Equisetum arvense. Available at: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/ingredReq.do?id=6117&lang=eng. Accessed 21-July 2021.
- Bates D, Duong TB, Kheyson S, Moore K. Hyponatremia Secondary to Decreased Oral Intake and SIADH and Possibly Exacerbated by Horsetail (Equisetum arvense). Can J Hosp Pharm 2021;74(4):386-389. PubMed
Hawthorn 25 references
- Tauchert M. Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:910-5. PubMed
- Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2003;114:665-74.. PubMed
- Chang Q, Zuo Z, Harrison F, Chow MS. Hawthorn. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:605-12.
- Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, et al. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:1255-63. PubMed
- Pittler MH, Guo R, and Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane.Database.Syst Rev 2008:CD005312. PubMed
- Zick SM, Vautaw BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11:990-99. PubMed
- Werner NS, Duschek S, and Schandry R. D-camphor-crataegus berry extract combination increases blood pressure and cognitive functioning in the elderly - a randomized, placebo controlled double blind study. Phytomedicine. 2009;16:1077-82. PubMed
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