Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Toxin Defense Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Aptogenix

Toxin Defense label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Toxin Defense against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Toxin Defense is a dietary supplement by Aptogenix with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for constipation, irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), diarrhea.Based on those ingredients, 1,214 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Beet Fiber, Chlorella, Bacillus coagulans. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Toxin Defense by Aptogenix

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Toxin Defense by Aptogenix — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Toxin Defense by Aptogenix

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Toxin Defense contains 5 active ingredients. Bacillus coagulans is a probiotic (a live beneficial bacterium) meant to support gut health.

Beet Fiber comes from beets and provides both fiber and betalain pigments. PrimaVie is a purified form of shilajit, a mineral-rich substance from high-altitude rock formations.

Chlorella is a green freshwater algae, and G-PUR's exact composition and role we cannot confirm from our data. The product also contains inactive ingredients — binders and capsule materials like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, and bamboo leaf extract — that have no active medicinal role.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: promotes the body's ability to detoxify.
  • We looked for evidence on: Liver disease, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Cirrhosis, Hepatitis C, kidney function, heavy metal clearance — and 2 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Beet is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Liver disease (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Chlorella is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Hepatitis C.
  • Also on file: Bacillus Coagulans is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cirrhosis, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

The evidence for these ingredients is mixed. Bacillus coagulans is possibly effective for constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but there isn't enough reliable evidence to rate it for antibiotic-associated diarrhea, athletic performance, or other uses.

Beet Fiber is possibly effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness. Chlorella is possibly effective for pregnancy-related iron deficiency.

For shilajit (PrimaVie) and G-PUR, the evidence we hold either doesn't establish effectiveness or we cannot check the data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Bacillus Coagulans Beet Shilajit Chlorella

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most of these ingredients are generally well tolerated in the short term, though the safety data for concentrated supplements — especially shilajit and chlorella — is limited. Bacillus coagulans is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, but evidence and quality vary.

Beet Fiber as a food is widely safe, though concentrated supplements have less safety data; side effects are usually minor (red or black stools), though large amounts theoretically could affect calcium absorption or kidney function. Chlorella is generally well tolerated short term but can cause allergic reactions, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, and photosensitivity, especially in the first two weeks.

For pregnancy: chlorella is possibly safe; shilajit is not recommended — the safety data advises against it. For breastfeeding: safety data isn't established for shilajit or beet fiber in this context — talk to your doctor before using.

Shilajit also carries a contamination risk, so only purified, tested brands should be used. A rare case of allergic anaphylaxis to shilajit has been reported.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Bacillus Coagulans Beet Shilajit Chlorella

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beet, Chlorella, Bacillus Coagulans, Shilajit.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,215 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check your medications with a pharmacist, especially if you take blood thinners like warfarin (chlorella may reduce its effect), diabetes drugs (shilajit may increase low-blood-sugar risk), antibiotics (the probiotic works best when timed separately), or medications processed by your liver's CYP3A4 pathway, such as certain statins or immunosuppressants (beet fiber may raise their levels). Also mention any photosensitizing drugs or drugs affected by vitamin K.

No interactions are documented for G-PUR — we hold no data for that ingredient.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Toxin Defense might appeal to someone looking for digestive support and beet-based athletic benefits, but it's not a straightforward add-on to your medicine cabinet. If you take blood thinners, diabetes medications, blood pressure drugs, or any prescription that your liver processes heavily, you'll need to check your specific medications before starting.

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor first — the more medications you take, the more important that conversation is.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Toxin Defense, straight from the product label.

Brand Aptogenix
Net contents 60 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2024
DSLD ID 323745
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Toxin Defense by Aptogenix, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Bacillus coagulans30 mg--
Beet Fiber100 mg--
PrimaVie400 mg--
Chlorella50 mg--
G-PUR200 mg--

Other ingredients: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Bamboo Leaf, Shoot Extract

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formulation

Promotes the body's ability to detoxify

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Toxin Defense by Aptogenix label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Toxin Defense label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Toxin Defense by Aptogenix

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Bacillus coagulans

Interacts with
182 drugs
30 mg per serving

Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming probiotic that survives stomach acid well and may help with some digestive problems such as IBS, constipation, a...

Bacillus coagulans monograph & interactions

Beet Fiber

Interacts with
861 drugs
100 mg per serving

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some peopl...

Beet Fiber monograph & interactions

PrimaVie

Interacts with
86 drugs
400 mg per serving Form: Shilajit Extract

Shilajit is a sticky, tar-like substance found in rocks of mountain ranges like the Himalayas, used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for energy and v...

PrimaVie monograph & interactions

Chlorella

Interacts with
337 drugs
50 mg per serving Form: Chlorella vulgaris

Chlorella is a nutrient-rich freshwater green algae taken as a supplement for general wellness, immune support, and 'detox.' Some small studies sugges...

Chlorella monograph & interactions

G-PUR

200 mg per serving Form: Zeolite Mineral

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Bamboo Leaf, Shoot Extract. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Toxin Defense by Aptogenix Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Toxin Defense?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,214Drugs
1,083 Moderate 131 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Beet Fiber 861
Chlorella 337
Bacillus coagulans 182
PrimaVie 86

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Toxin Defense interact with 1,214 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 5 ingredients in Toxin Defense interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Beet Fiber Chlorella Bacillus coagulans PrimaVie

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Toxin Defense with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Beet Fiber3 drug types · 861 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that betanin, the major pigment in beet, competitively inhibits CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner similarly to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Beet and beetroot contain nitrates, which can cause vasodilation, potentially leading to lower blood pressure. However, a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition using concentrated beetroot juice found no significant impact on blood pressure or heart rate in different age groups. Other small clinical studies suggest that while beet consumption might transiently lower blood pressure due to vessel dilation, there's no consistent evidence of a lasting effect. Overall, the theoretical risk of reduced blood pressure due to beet's nitrate content exists, but studies generally indicate a low and temporary impact rather than a sustained decrease.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that beet induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beet Fiber full monograph & interactions

Chlorella2 drug types · 337 drugs

Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Chlorella has been reported to cause photosensitization. In five case reports, patients who had ingested chlorella exhibited swelling followed by erythematopurpuric lesions on sun-exposed areas of the body. Theoretically, concomitant use with photosensitizing drugs may exacerbate effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, chlorella might reduce the clinical effects of warfarin.
Chlorella contains significant amounts of vitamin K. There is at least one case report of warfarin therapy becoming sub-therapeutic after initiation of chlorella supplements.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Chlorella full monograph & interactions

Bacillus coagulans1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking antibiotics with Bacillus coagulans might decrease the effectiveness of B. coagulans.
B. coagulans preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. coagulans preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bacillus coagulans full monograph & interactions

PrimaVie1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Taking shilajit with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Most human and animal research shows that shilajit can decrease fasting plasma glucose levels. In an animal model, shilajit 100 mg per kg daily enhanced the glucose-lowering ability of both glibenclamide and metformin when given in combination over a 4 week period. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
PrimaVie full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Toxin Defense, from the product label.

Aptogenix

See all Aptogenix products
Name
Aptogenix
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Toxin Defense by Aptogenix: Common Questions

Does Toxin Defense by Aptogenix interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Toxin Defense has a known interaction with 1,214 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Toxin Defense contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Chlorella is possibly safe in pregnancy, but shilajit is not — the safety data advises against it. For breastfeeding, safety data isn't established for shilajit or beet fiber. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you're pregnant or nursing, especially since only purified, tested forms of shilajit should be used anyway.
What's the probiotic in here, and why does it matter?
It's Bacillus coagulans, a live bacterium that may help with constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. The catch: if you take antibiotics, they'll kill the probiotic organisms and make it ineffective. Separate them by a few hours if you can.
Why should I worry about vitamin K in the chlorella?
Vitamin K is what blood thinners like warfarin work against — too much vitamin K can make the blood thinner stop working as well. If you're on warfarin, this ingredient is worth flagging with your pharmacist.
What side effects might I notice?
The most common are minor: beet fiber may turn your stools red or black (harmless), and chlorella can cause abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, or fatigue, especially in the first two weeks. Allergic reactions are rare but possible. If you develop a rash on sun-exposed skin, stop and contact your doctor.
Is this actually effective for detox?
Our data holds effectiveness ratings for individual ingredients — like beet for athletic performance and chlorella for pregnancy-related iron deficiency — but not for 'detox' as a whole. That claim isn't something we can assess from the evidence we have on file.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Toxin Defense is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Toxin Defense label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Toxin Defense’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Bacillus Coagulans

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming probiotic that survives stomach acid well and may help with some digestive problems such as IBS, constipation, and certain types of diarrhea. The eviden...

Read the full Bacillus Coagulans monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beet

Interacts with 861 drugs

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some people. It is generally safe as a food, but s...

Read the full Beet monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Shilajit

Interacts with 86 drugs

Shilajit is a sticky, tar-like substance found in rocks of mountain ranges like the Himalayas, used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for energy and vitality. Human evidence is limited and m...

Read the full Shilajit monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Chlorella

Interacts with 337 drugs

Chlorella is a nutrient-rich freshwater green algae taken as a supplement for general wellness, immune support, and 'detox.' Some small studies suggest possible benefits for cholesterol, blo...

Read the full Chlorella monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Toxin Defense's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 55 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Bacillus Coagulans 20 references
  1. Saxelin M, Chuang NH, Chassy B, et al. Lactobacilli and bacteremia in southern Finland 1989-1992. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:564-6. PubMed
  2. Tynkkynen S, Singh KV, Varmanen P. Vancomycin resistance factor of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in relation to enterococcal vancomycin resistance (van) genes. Int J Food Microbiol 1998;41:195-204. PubMed
  3. Klein G, Zill E, Schindler R, et al. Peritonitis associated with vancomycin-resistant Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient; organism identification, antibiotic therapy, and case report. J Clin Microbiol 1998;36:
  4. Kalima P, Masterton RG, Roddie PH, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus infection in a child following bone marrow transplant. J Infect 1996;32:165-7. PubMed
  5. Goldin BR. Health Benefits of probiotics. Br J Nutr 1998;80:S203-7. DOI
  6. Rautio M, Jousimies-Somer H, Kauma H, et al. Liver abscess due to Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain indistinguishable from L. rhamnosus strain GG. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:1159-60.
  7. MacGregor G, Smith AJ, Thakker B, Kinsella J. Yoghurt biotherapy: contraindicated in immunosuppressed patients? Postgrad Med J 2002;78:366-7. PubMed
  8. Land MH, Rouster-Stevens K, Woods CR, et al. Lactobacillus sepsis associated with probiotic therapy. Pediatrics 2005;115:178-81.
  9. De Groote MA, Frank DN, Dowell E, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a child with short gut syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:278-80. PubMed
  10. Vahabnezhad E, Mochon AB, Wozniak LJ, Ziring DA. Lactobacillus bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a pediatric patient with ulcerative colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013;47(5):437-9. PubMed
  11. Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178.
  12. Sendil S, Shrimanker I, Mansoora Q, Goldman J, Nookala VK. Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteremia in an immunocompromised renal transplant patient. Cureus. 2020;12(2):e6887. PubMed
  13. Albarillo FS, Shah U, Joyce C, Slade D. Lactobacillus rhamnosus Infection: A single-center 4-year descriptive analysis. J Glob Infect Dis. 2020;12(3):119-123. PubMed
  14. Pasala S, Singer L, Arshad T, Roach K. Lactobacillus endocarditis in a healthy patient with probiotic use. IDCases. 2020;22:e00915. PubMed
  15. Agrawal S, Tuchman ES, Bruce MJ, Theodorou ME. Fatal Lactobacillus endocarditis in a patient with transcatheter aortic valve replacement. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(11):e236835.
  16. Antoun M, Hattab Y, Akhrass FA, Hamilton LD. Uncommon pathogen, Lactobacillus, causing infective endocarditis: Case report and review. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2020;2020:8833948. PubMed
  17. Rossi F, Amadoro C, Gasperi M, Colavita G. Lactobacilli infection case reports in the last three years and safety implications. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1178. PubMed
  18. Franko B, Vaillant M, Recule C, Vautrin E, et al. Lactobacillus paracasei endocarditis in a consumer of probiotics. Med Mal Infect. 2013;43(4):171-3. PubMed
  19. Campbell RE, Miller A, Afroze A. Native valve endocarditis secondary to Lactobacillus paracasei bacteremia. Consultant. 2020;60(9):27-8. DOI
  20. Kato K, Funabashi N, Takaoka H, et al. Lactobacillus paracasei endocarditis in a consumer of probiotics with advanced and severe bicuspid aortic valve stenosis complicated with diffuse left ventricular mid-layer fibrosis. Int J Cardiol. 2016;224:157-161. PubMed

See these in context on the Bacillus Coagulans monograph →

Beet 14 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Clifford T, Berntzen B, Davison GW, et al. Effects of beetroot juice on recovery of muscle function and performance between bouts of repeated sprint exercise. Nutrients 2016;8. pii: E506. PubMed
  3. Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr 2013;143:818-26. PubMed
  4. Clifford T, Howatson G, West DJ, Stevenson EJ. Beetroot juice is more beneficial than sodium nitrate for attenuating muscle pain after strenuous eccentric-bias exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017;42(11):1185-1191. PubMed
  5. Clifford T, Bell O, West DJ, Howatson G, Stevenson EJ. The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on indices of muscle damage following eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(2):353-62. PubMed
  6. Wylie LJ, Kelly J, Bailey SJ, et al. Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013;115(3):325-36. PubMed
  7. Garnacho-Castaño MV, Palau-Salvà G, Cuenca E, et al. Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15(1):49. PubMed
  8. Rasica L, Porcelli S, Marzorati M, et al. Ergogenic effects of beetroot juice supplementation during severe-intensity exercise in obese adolescents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018;315(3):R453-R460. PubMed
  9. Henrohn D, Björkstrand K, Lundberg JO, et al. Effects of oral supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension-results from BEET-PAH, an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crosso
  10. Serra-Payá N, Garnacho-Castaño MV, Sánchez-Nuño S, et al. The relationship between resistance exercise performance and ventilatory efficiency after beetroot juice intake in well-trained athletes. Nutrients 2021;13(4):1094. PubMed
  11. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
  12. Hemmatinafar M, Zaremoayedi L, Koushkie Jahromi M, et al. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients 2023;15(17):3763. PubMed
  13. Lim SH, Bae S, Lee HS, Han HK, Choi CI. Effect of Betanin, the Major Pigment of Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), on the Activity of Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(9):1224. PubMed
  14. Oscherwitz M, Tamayo RM, Heudebert A, Centor R. A Case of Pseudo-Hematochezia from Beet Supplement Ingestion. Am J Med 2023;136(9):e177-e178. PubMed

See these in context on the Beet monograph →

Shilajit 8 references
  1. Sadeghi SMH, Hosseini Khameneh SM, Khodadoost M, et al. Efficacy of momiai in tibia fracture repair: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Altern Complement Med 2020;26(6):521-528.
  2. Losa F, Deidda M, Firinu D, Martino MLD, Barca MP, Giacco SD. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis with an Ayurvedic drug as cofactor: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019;7(5):623-627. PubMed
  3. Biswas TK, Pandit S, Mondal S, et al. Clinical evaluation of spermatogenic activity of processed Shilajit in oligospermia. Andrologia 2010;42(1):48-56. PubMed
  4. Stavropoulos K, Sotiriadis A, Patoulias D, et al. Pseudohyperaldosteronism due to mumijo consumption during pregnancy: a licorice-like syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018;34(12):1019-1021. PubMed
  5. Ghezelbash B, Shahrokhi N, Khaksari M, Ghaderi-Pakdel F, Asadikaram G. Hepatoprotective effects of shilajit on high fat-diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2020;41(1):/j/hmbci. PubMed
  6. Ghezelbash B, Shahrokhi N, Khaksari M, Asadikaram G, Shahrokhi M, Shirazpour S. Protective roles of shilajit in modulating resistin, adiponectin, and cytokines in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chin J Integr Med 2022;28(6):531-537. PubMed
  7. Jafari M, Forootanfar H, Ameri A, et al. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and hyperalgesia-suppressing activity of a native Shilajit obtained from Bahr Aseman mountains. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019;32(5):2167-2173. DOI
  8. Trivedi NA, Mazumdar B, Bhatt JD, Hemavathi KG. Effect of shilajit on blood glucose and lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Ind. J. Pharmacol. 2004; 36(6):373-376.

See these in context on the Shilajit monograph →

Chlorella 13 references
  1. Peirce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York, NY: William Morrow and Co., 1999.
  2. Ng TP, Tan WC, Lee YK. Occupational asthma in a pharmacist induced by chlorella, a unicellular algae preparation. Resp Med 1994;88:555-7. PubMed
  3. Jitsukawa K, Suizu R, Hidano A. Chlorella photosensitization. New phytophotodermatosis. Int J Dermatol 1984;23:263-8. PubMed
  4. Merchant RE, Carmack CA, Wise CM. Nutritional supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a pilot study. Phytother Res 2000;14:167-73.
  5. Merchant RE, Rice CD, Young HF. Dietary Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with malignant glioma: effects on immunocompetence, quality of life, and survival. Phytother Res 1990;4:220-31.
  6. Halperin SA, Smith B, Nolan C, et al. Safety and immunoenhancing effect of a Chlorella-derived dietary supplement in healthy adults undergoing influenza vaccination: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CMAJ 2003;169:111-7..
  7. Ohtake, T., Negishi, K., Okamoto, K., Oka, M., Maesato, K., Moriya, H., and Kobayashi, S. Manganese-induced Parkinsonism in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;46(4):749-753. PubMed
  8. Ng, T. P., Tan, W. C., and Lee, Y. K. Occupational asthma in a pharmacist induced by Chlorella, a unicellular algae preparation. Respir.Med. 1994;88(7):555-557. PubMed
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See these in context on the Chlorella monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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