Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

AVH Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Procera

AVH label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking AVH against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

AVH is a dietary supplement by Procera with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for memory and cognitive support, brain blood flow, stroke recovery.Based on those ingredients, 548 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Huperzine A, Vinpocetine, Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against AVH by Procera

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with AVH by Procera — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of AVH by Procera

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • “Procera AVH Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (1,515 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Procera AVH is a three-ingredient supplement designed to support cognitive function. It contains vinpocetine, which is thought to improve blood flow to the brain; acetyl-L-carnitine (a form of the amino acid carnitine), which plays a role in cellular energy production; and huperzine A, a compound that inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in memory and learning.

The capsule also holds inactive ingredients — cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, stearic acid, and magnesium stearate — which serve as binders and flow agents.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: brain health and cognitive function support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, Cognitive impairment, Dementia, Memory, Vascular dementia — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Vinpocetine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Dementia (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Huperzine A is rated "Possibly Effective" for Alzheimer disease.
  • Also on file: Acetyl-l-carnitine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease.

The evidence for this product's ingredients is mixed. Vinpocetine is rated Possibly Effective for dementia, though it shows insufficient evidence for tinnitus, motion sickness, stroke, and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Acetyl-L-carnitine is rated Possibly Effective for age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, alcohol use disorder, diabetic neuropathy, and depression. Huperzine A is Possibly Effective for Alzheimer disease but has insufficient evidence for athletic performance, general cognitive impairment, vascular dementia, depression, and memory.

So while these ingredients have some research backing them for cognitive and neurological conditions, the data for several claimed uses remains limited.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vinpocetine Acetyl-l-carnitine Huperzine A

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vinpocetine is generally well tolerated short-term, but long-term safety isn't fully established. Most common side effects include anxiety, dizziness, headache, flushing, stomach discomfort, sleep disturbances, and hives.

Rarely, serious effects like heart rhythm problems and seizures have been reported. Acetyl-L-carnitine is also generally well tolerated short-term.

The most common side effects are agitation, dry mouth, headache, insomnia, and reduced appetite; some people also notice a fishy odor in urine, breath, or sweat. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation can occur.

Huperzine A causes dose-dependent cholinergic side effects — blurred vision, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth, insomnia, nausea, sweating, and vomiting. It may also slow heart rate.

The FDA has advised pregnant people and those who could become pregnant not to use vinpocetine. There is not enough safety data for acetyl-L-carnitine or huperzine A in pregnancy; safety while breastfeeding is unknown for both, so they are best avoided unless your doctor advises otherwise.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vinpocetine Acetyl-l-carnitine Huperzine A

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vinpocetine, Huperzine A, Acetyl-l-carnitine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs.
  • For scale: 548 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Procera AVH, double-check with your pharmacist if you use blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (Moderate risk with vinpocetine), serotonergic drugs such as SSRIs or SNRIs (Moderate risk with acetyl-L-carnitine), thyroid hormone replacement (Moderate risk with acetyl-L-carnitine), anticholinergic drugs, or cholinergic drugs (both Moderate risks with huperzine A).

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Procera AVH targets age-related cognitive decline and memory support, with modest evidence for some ingredients in Alzheimer disease and cognitive impairment. If you take blood thinners, any antidepressants, thyroid medication, anticholinergic drugs, or cholinergic drugs, talk to your pharmacist before starting — the interactions are real.

This product is not recommended in pregnancy or while breastfeeding based on available safety data.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 22, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about AVH, straight from the product label.

Brand Procera
Net contents 90 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 22, 2024
DSLD ID 317405
Product type Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for AVH by Procera, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Vinpocetine0 NP--
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride0 NP--
Huperzine A0 NP--
Procera AVH Proprietary Blend1515 mg--

Other ingredients: Cellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Silicon Dioxide, Stearic Acid, Magnesium Stearate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Procera AVH is a nutritional supplement that helps support brain health and cognitive function. Procera AVH's ingredients have been carefully researched and formulated for the health of your brain. It's unique triple action helps promote blood and oxygen flow to the brain, supports key neurotransmitters and provides vital neuroprotection.

Vegan

Gluten-free Non-GMO

Helps support brain health & cognitive function

Formula

Patented formula: Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC): Although the human body manufactures some ALC, it decreases with age. ALC provides neurotransmitter support. Vinpocentine: Derived from vincamine, a natural extract of the a periwinkle flower, Vinpocetine helps support blood flow to the brain. Huperzine A: Helps support levels of Acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter used by the body to improve healthy brain function.

Seals/Symbols

30 Day Money Back Guaranteed

FDA Registered Facility Made in the USA

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

U.S. Patent No. 8,071,610

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: As a dietary supplement take three (3) capsules once a day.

Precautions

Caution: Do not use this product if you are pregnant, contemplating becoming pregnant, lactating or under the age of 18.

Do not exceed recommended daily intake. If you are experiencing any adverse reaction to this product, immediately discontinue use and contact your healthcare practitioner.

Caution: Do not use this product if you are pregnant, contemplating becoming pregnant, lactating or under the age of 18. Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Promote.Prolong.Protect.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

AVH by Procera label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

AVH label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in AVH by Procera

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size3 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Procera AVH Proprietary Blend

1515 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Silicon Dioxide, Stearic Acid, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

AVH by Procera Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against AVH?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
548Drugs
548 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Huperzine A 219
Vinpocetine 208
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride 203

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in AVH interact with 548 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in AVH interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Huperzine A Vinpocetine Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in AVH with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Huperzine A2 drug types · 219 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, huperzine A might decrease the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Huperzine A has acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibiting effects. In animal models, huperzine A reversed cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine, an anticholinergic drug.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of huperzine A with cholinergic drugs might increase the effects and side effects of these medications.
Huperzine A can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and might cause cumulative effects if used with cholinergic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Huperzine A full monograph & interactions

Vinpocetine3 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Vinpocetine might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Clinical research shows that vinpocetine decreases red blood cell aggregation, as well as plasma and whole blood viscosity. This effect has been seen with intravenous vinpocetine 1 mg/kg and oral vinpocetine 30 mg daily. Vinpocetine also seems to have antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, vinpocetine might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that vinpocetine weakly inhibits CYP2C9. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Vinpocetine might modestly increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
Clinical research shows that the combination of warfarin and vinpocetine leads to slight increases in prothrombin time and the area under the concentration curve for warfarin. However, these increases were small, and researchers suggest that this interaction is not likely to be clinically significant in most patients.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Vinpocetine full monograph & interactions

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride4 drug types · 203 drugs

Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant that is similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation when L-carnitine was taken with acenocoumarol. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product. It is unclear if such an interaction would also occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders, when taken with serotonergic drugs.
Animal research shows that acetyl-L-carnitine can increase levels of serotonin in the brain.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It is unclear if such an interaction would occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with acetyl-L-carnitine and warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for AVH, from the product label.

Procera

See all Procera products
Name
Keyview Labs, Inc.
Street Address
1509 W. Cypress St.
City
Tampa
State
FL
ZipCode
33606
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

AVH by Procera: Common Questions

Does AVH by Procera interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, AVH has a known interaction with 548 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
AVH contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is vinpocetine, and what does it do?
Vinpocetine is a compound believed to improve blood flow to the brain. It decreases how quickly red blood cells clump together and reduces blood thickness, which is why it can increase bleeding risk if you take blood thinners. It's rated Possibly Effective for dementia.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or trying to become pregnant?
No. The FDA has specifically warned that pregnant people and those who could become pregnant should not use vinpocetine. For acetyl-L-carnitine and huperzine A, there isn't enough safety data in pregnancy, so they are best avoided as well. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
What are the most common side effects I might notice?
The most common side effects are anxiety, dizziness, headache, and sleep disturbances from vinpocetine; agitation, dry mouth, headache, insomnia, and reduced appetite from acetyl-L-carnitine; and blurred vision, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, and sweating from huperzine A.
Is this supplement safe to take long-term?
The data supports short-term use, but long-term safety is not fully established for any of the three ingredients. We don't have solid research on what happens when you take it for months or years.
Does huperzine A actually work for memory and thinking?
It's rated Possibly Effective for Alzheimer disease, but the evidence for general memory, cognitive impairment, and other brain uses is insufficient. There's some research backing it, but it's not conclusive.
Can I breastfeed while taking this supplement?
Safety data for acetyl-L-carnitine and huperzine A while breastfeeding is unknown, so they're best avoided. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice on whether the benefit might outweigh the unknown risk in your situation.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

AVH label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind AVH’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vinpocetine

Interacts with 208 drugs

Vinpocetine is a lab-made compound based on a chemical from the periwinkle plant, and it is marketed mainly for memory and brain health. The evidence behind these uses is limited and not str...

Read the full Vinpocetine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Acetyl-l-carnitine

Interacts with 203 drugs

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a form of the amino acid carnitine that the body uses to help produce energy in cells. It is most studied for nerve pain and memory-related conditions, though the evide...

Read the full Acetyl-l-carnitine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Huperzine A

Interacts with 219 drugs

Huperzine A is a purified compound from a Chinese clubmoss that acts like a mild cholinesterase inhibitor, similar in mechanism to some prescription Alzheimer's drugs. Some small studies sug...

Read the full Huperzine A monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

AVH's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 62 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vinpocetine 27 references
  1. Hindmarch I, Fuchs HH, Erzigkeit H. Efficacy and tolerance of vinpocetine in ambulant patients suffering from mild to moderate organic psychosyndromes. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1991;6:31-43. PubMed
  2. Balestreri R, Fontana L, Astengo F. A double-blind placebo controlled evaluation of the safety and efficacy of vinpocetine in the treatment of patients with chronic vascular senile cerebral dysfunction. J Am Geriatr Soc 1987;35:425-30. PubMed
  3. Akopov SE, Gabrielian ES. Effects of aspirin, dipyridamole, nifedipine and cavinton which act on platelet aggregation induced by different aggregating agents alone and in combination. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992;42:257-9. PubMed
  4. Kidd PM. A review of nutrients and botanicals in the integrative management of cognitive dysfunction. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:144-61..
  5. Wollschlaeger B. Efficacy of vinpocetine in the management of cognitive impairment and memory loss. JANA 2001;4:25-30.
  6. Hitzenberger G, Sommer W, Grandt R. Influence of vinpocetine on warfarin-induced inhibition of coagulation. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1990;28:323-8..
  7. Dekoninck, W. J., Jocquet, P., Jacquy, J., and Henriet, M. Comparative study of the clinical effects of vincamine + glycerol versus glycerol + placebo in the acute phase of stroke. Arzneimittelforschung. 1978;28(9):1654-1657.
  8. Fischhof, P. K., Moslinger-Gehmayr, R., Herrmann, W. M., Friedmann, A., and Russmann, D. L. Therapeutic efficacy of vincamine in dementia. Neuropsychobiology 1996;34(1):29-35. PubMed
  9. Feher, G., Koltai, K., Kesmarky, G., Horvath, B., Toth, K., Komoly, S., and Szapary, L. Effect of parenteral or oral vinpocetine on the hemorheological parameters of patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(2-3):111-117. PubMed
  10. Kuzuya, F. Effects of vinpocetine on platelet aggregability and erythrocyte deformability. Ther Hung. 1985;33(1):22-34.
  11. Kovacs, L. Cavinton in the treatment of acute stroke. Ther Hung. 1985;33(1):50-57.
  12. Osawa, M. and Maruyama, S. Effects of TCV-3B (vinpocetine) on blood viscosity in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Ther.Hung. 1985;33(1):7-12.
  13. Ebi, O. Open-labeled phase III clinical trials with vinpocetine in Japan. Ther.Hung. 1985;33(1):41-49.
  14. Richichi, I., Valsecchi, O., Falcone, C., Sofi, A., and Zanini, L. [A case of "torsade de pointe" during vincamine therapy]. Minerva Cardioangiol. 1978;26(3):197-200.
  15. Dany, F., Merle, L., Goudoud, J. C., Liozon, F., Blanc, P., Bouvot, J. C., Nicot, G., and Dangoumau, J. [Cardiac toxicity of vincamine: a seven cases report of ventricular arrhythmias by parenteral administration of vincamine (author's transl)]. Therapie
  16. Fenzl, E., Apecechea, M., Schaltenbr, R., and Fridel, R. Long term study concerning tolerance and efficacy of vinpocetine in elderly patients suffering from a mild to moderate organic psychosyndrome. Senile dementia: early detection 1986;580-585.
  17. Peruzza, M. and DeJacobis, M. A double-blind placebo controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of vinpocetine in the treatment of patients with chronic vascular or degenerative senile cerebral dysfunction. ADV THER 1986;3(4):201-209.
  18. Manconi, E., Binaghi, F., and Pitzus, F. A double-blind clinical trial of vinpocetine in the treatment of cerebral insufficiency of vascular and degenerative origin. CURR THER RES, CLIN EXP 1986;40(4):702-709.
  19. Blaha, L., Erzigkeit, H. L., Adamczyk, L. A., Freytag, L. S., and Schaltenbrand, R. Clinical evidence of the effectiveness of vinpocetine in the treatment of organic psychosyndrome. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental 1989;4(2):103-111. DOI
  20. Shimizu, Y., Saitoh, K., Nakayama, M., Suto, K., Daikohara, R., and Nemoto, T. Agranulocytosis induced by vinpocetine. Medicine On-line 2011;
  21. Kong L, Song C, Ye L, et al. The Effect of Vinpocetine on Human Cytochrome P450 Isoenzymes by Using a Cocktail Method. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:5017135. PubMed
  22. Vinpocetine in Dietary Supplements. FDA Food/Dietary Supplements/Products & Ingredients. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/DietarySupplements/ProductsIngredients/ucm518478.htm. Accessed 6 September 2016.
  23. Statement on warning for women of childbearing age about possible safety risks of dietary supplements containing vinpocetine. FDA Food/Dietary Supplements/Products & Ingredients. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-
  24. Zhang W, Huang Y, Li Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of vinpocetine as part of treatment for acute cerebral infarction: A randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter CAVIN (Chinese Assessment for Vinpocetine in Neurology) trial. Clin Drug Investig 2016; PubMed
  25. National Toxicology Program. NTP technical report on the prenatal development toxicity studies of vinpocetine (CAS No. 42971-09-5) in Sprague Dawley Rats and New Zealand White Rabbits (Gavage Studies). Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Progr
  26. Gutiérrez-Farfán I, Reyes-Legorreta C, Solís-Olguín M, Alatorre-Miguel E, Verduzco-Mendoza A, Durand-Rivera A. Evaluation of vinpocetine as a therapy in patients with sensorineural hearing loss: a phase II, open-label, single-center study. J Pharmacol Sci PubMed
  27. Hu X, Guo K, Li J, et al. Postoperative ecchymoma of eyelid after botulinum toxin injection for hemifacial spasm: a case report. Front Neurol 2023;14:1171303. PubMed

See these in context on the Vinpocetine monograph →

Acetyl-l-carnitine 22 references
  1. Thal LJ, Carta A, Clarke WR, et al. A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1996;47:705-11. PubMed
  2. Sano M, Bell K, Cote L, et al. Double-blind parallel design pilot study of acetyl levocarnitine in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Neurol 1992;49:1137-41. PubMed
  3. Spagnoli A, Lucca U, Menasce G, et al. Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1991;41:1726-32. PubMed
  4. Brooks JO 3rd, Yesavage JA, Carta A, Bravi D. Acetyl L-carnitine slows decline in younger patients with Alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study using the trilinear approach. Int Psychoger 1998;10:193-203. PubMed
  5. Pettegrew JW, Klunk WE, Panchalingam K, et al. Clinical and neurochemical effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1995;16:1-4. PubMed
  6. Rai G, Wright G, Scott L, et al. Double-blind, placebo controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Curr Med Res Opin 1990;11:638-47. PubMed
  7. Benvenga S, Ruggeri RM, Russo A, et al. Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Meta
  8. Montgomery SA, Thal LJ, Amrein R. Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;18:61-71.. PubMed
  9. Martinez E, Domingo P, Roca-Cusachs A. Potentiation of acenocoumarol action by L-carnitine. J Intern Med 1993;233:94.
  10. Hudson S, Tabet N. Acetyl-L-carnitine for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;2:CD003158.. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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