Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Cell Block 80 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Clean Machine

Capsule Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Cell Block 80 is a dietary supplement by Clean Machine with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for bone health, joint and arthritis support, hormone (testosterone/estrogen) support.Based on those ingredients, 1,376 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sensoril(R) Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root and Leaf Extract, Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) 12:1 root extract, DM33(TM) Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) 9:1 Flower Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Cell Block 80 by Clean Machine

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Op T-Max(TM) Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Cell Block 80 contains four active ingredients. Boron supports bone health and may help with vaginal yeast infections and skin irritation from radiation.

The other three are herbal extracts: prickly pear cactus flower (a 9:1 concentrate from DM33), ashwagandha root and leaf (Sensoril brand), and stinging nettle root (a 12:1 extract). The product also contains two inactive ingredients—a vegetarian capsule and microcrystalline cellulose (a binder).

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: free testosterone and support muscle growth.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Fatigue, Stress, Anxiety, Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Insomnia — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Ashwagandha is rated "Possibly Effective" for Anxiety (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Ashwagandha is rated "Possibly Effective" for Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Insomnia, Stress.
  • Also on file: Boron is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.

Evidence for this product's benefits varies by ingredient. Boron is likely effective for boron deficiency and possibly effective for vaginal yeast infections and radiation-related skin damage.

Ashwagandha is possibly effective for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety disorder. Prickly pear cactus is possibly effective for diabetes.

Stinging nettle is possibly effective for diabetes. For other conditions listed on the label—cognitive decline, prostate health, cholesterol, indigestion, and allergic rhinitis—the evidence we hold is insufficient or not yet rated.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Boron Prickly Pear Cactus Ashwagandha Stinging Nettle

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

When used at typical doses, ashwagandha and stinging nettle are generally well tolerated in short-term use in healthy adults, though long-term safety data are limited. Boron is generally safe in small amounts from food and low-dose supplements, but high doses can be toxic—acute poisoning symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and at very high doses, shock and coma.

Prickly pear cactus is generally well tolerated as food; the most common side effects are mild belly fullness, indigestion, diarrhea, and nausea. Rare cases of headache, insomnia, and dizziness have been reported.

Ashwagandha and stinging nettle have rare reports of liver damage; if you develop abdominal pain, yellowing of skin or eyes, or dark urine, stop and contact your doctor. Regarding pregnancy: boron should be avoided (high amounts may harm the fetus), and ashwagandha and stinging nettle are likely unsafe and should be avoided due to traditional concerns about miscarriage.

For prickly pear cactus, breastfeeding safety data are insufficient—talk with your doctor or pharmacist. Breastfeeding safety is not established for ashwagandha or stinging nettle either, so discuss this with your healthcare provider.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Boron Prickly Pear Cactus Ashwagandha Stinging Nettle

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Stinging Nettle, Prickly Pear Cactus, Ashwagandha.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,377 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check your medications against this product if you take antidiabetes drugs (both prickly pear cactus and stinging nettle, plus ashwagandha, can lower blood sugar), CNS depressants or benzodiazepines (ashwagandha may increase drowsiness), antihypertensive drugs (ashwagandha may lower blood pressure further), diuretics or lithium (stinging nettle may affect how your kidneys handle these), warfarin or other blood thinners (stinging nettle's vitamin K may reduce their effect), thyroid hormone, immunosuppressants, or medications processed by your liver. Use the checker below with your exact drug names.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Cell Block 80 may help with blood sugar control, anxiety, sleep, and bone health, but it carries real interactions with diabetes drugs, blood pressure medications, sedatives, blood thinners, lithium, and several other common prescriptions. If you take any medications, check them against the search tool on this page before you start.

Avoid this product during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Talk to your pharmacist before adding it to your regimen.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 26, 2014.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Cell Block 80, straight from the product label.

Brand Clean Machine
Barcode (UPC) 857508004005
Net contents 68 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 26, 2014
DSLD ID 30881
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult Male (18-50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Cell Block 80 by Clean Machine, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Servings per container
68
UPC/BARCODE
857508004005
IngredientAmount% DV
Boron5 mg--
Op T-Max(TM) Proprietary Blend0 NP--
DM33(TM) Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) 9:1 Flower Extract85 mg--
Sensoril(R) Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root and Leaf Extract125 mg--
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) 12:1 root extract50 mg--

Other ingredients: Vegetarian Capsule, Microcrystalline Cellulose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

BONUS SIZE - 20% MORE FREE

Free Your Testosterone*. Lock Up Estrogen & DHT

2. Based on in vitro research in which stinging nettle root extract was found to inhibit the binding of DHT to SHBG. 3. Based on a pilot study involving 8 healthy men, taking boron (5 mg, twice daily) for one week resulted in a trend toward increased testosterone within the normal range.

Manufactured in the USA

NATURAL

3rd PARTY TESTED

Non-GMO

QR Code

Brand IP Statement(s)

Learn more about Cell Block 80(TM) from Clean Machine(R) at: www.cleanmachineonline.com

Cell Block 80(TM) was formulated to address 5 major biochemical processes that drive Testosterone (T) to reach the target – muscle growth. Introducing Op T-MAX(TM) with DM33(TM) (Opuntia ficus-indica Flower Extract 9:1) - Based on preliminary laboratory research, Opuntia flower extract (1 mg/ml concentration) inhibited 80% of the activity of 5alpha-reductase in human prostate tissue homogenate and inhibited 80% of aromatase activity in human placenta tissue homogenate*. And that’s why we call it Cell Block 80(TM)!

1. Based on a clinical study involving 130 healthy adults (95 men) taking Sensoril(R) Ashwagandha (125 mg, twice daily) for 60 days.

4. Based on preliminary laboratory research, DM33(TM) Opuntia flower extract (1 mg/ml concentration) inhibited over 80% of the activity of 5-alpha reductase in human prostate tissue homogenate and over 80% of aromatase activity in human placenta tissue homogenate.

(C)2013 Haute Science, Inc. dba CleanMachine(R), All Rights Reserved.

Cell Block 80(TM) may help: 1 Increase Free Testosterone 3* 2 Block Estrogen 4* 3 Block DHT 4* 4 Increase T Precursor DHEA 1* 5 Reduce Cortisol

Sensoril(R) is a trademark of Natreon, Inc. and is protected under U.S. Patent 6,713,09

FDA Disclaimer Statement

* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Precautions

Do not use if you are, or may become, pregnant or nursing. Consult a medical doctor before use if you suspect, have been treated for, or diagnosed with, or have a family history of any medical condition, or if you are using any prescription or over-the-counter drug(s).

Consult a physician before starting any diet or exercise program. Discontinue use and consult a medical doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms. Use only as directed. Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing. Do not exceed recommended serving. Do not purchase if seal is broken.

Precautions: This product is not intended for use by women or males under the age of 18.

Allergen Warning: Contains wheat.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Formula

Cell Block 80(TM) contains Op T-MAX(TM) with DM33

Allergen Warning: Contains wheat.

Seals/Symbols

CM

Formulation

VEGAN

GLUTEN FREE

Free of: milk or milk products, egg, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, soy, gluten, genetically modified or animal ingredients.

Storage

Store in a cool dry place.

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: As a dietary supplement for adult men, take one capsule in the morning and one capsule in the evening, with a full glass of water with meals. Do not exceed 2 capsules daily. For best results, do not use for two weeks following each 8 week cycle.

See for yourself

Cell Block 80 by Clean Machine label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Cell Block 80 by Clean Machine

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Vegetarian Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container68 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetarian Capsule, Microcrystalline Cellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Cell Block 80 by Clean Machine Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Cell Block 80?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Cell Block 80 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sensoril(R) Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root and Leaf Extract10 drug types · 1,372 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
There is preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that ashwagandha might lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that ashwagandha might lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Benzodiazepines

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
There is preliminary evidence that ashwagandha might have an additive effect with diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin). This may also occur with other benzodiazepines.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Ashwagandha seems to have sedative effects. Theoretically, this may potentiate the effects of barbiturates, other sedatives, and anxiolytics.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Ashwagandha has been linked to cases of acute hepatitis, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, autoimmune hepatitis, the need for liver transplantation, and death due to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Ashwagandha has demonstrated immunostimulant effects in humans. Animal research has shown that ashwagandha can attenuate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Ashwagandha might increase the effects and adverse effects of thyroid hormone.
Concomitant use of ashwagandha with thyroid hormones may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects. Preliminary clinical research and animal studies suggest that ashwagandha boosts thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. In one clinical study, ashwagandha increased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels by 41.5% and 19.6%, respectively, and reduced serum TSH levels by 17.4% from baseline in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP3A4 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors. However, there is no evidence to suggest that ashwagandha increases the risk of serotonin-related effects, and there have been no published case reports of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Nevertheless, due to the lack of extensive studies on the matter and the fact that ashwagandha appears to affect serotonergic pathways, it would be prudent to exercise caution when combining it with drugs that affect serotonin. [References: - Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwaga ndha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021 Sep 14; 19: 1468–1495. - A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573577/]

Likelihood Possible Evidence C

Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) 12:1 root extract4 drug types · 164 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that stinging nettle might decrease blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that the above ground parts and roots of stinging nettle may have a diuretic effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, stinging nettle might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that stinging nettle has diuretic and natriuretic properties, which could alter the excretion of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

There is some concern that stinging nettle might decrease the effects of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin.
Stinging nettle contains a significant amount of vitamin K. When taken in large quantities, this might interfere with the activity of warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

DM33(TM) Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) 9:1 Flower Extract1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Combining prickly pear cactus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Case reports show that combining prickly pear cactus with antidiabetes drugs such as chlorpropamide, glyburide, glipizide, and metformin can increase the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Advise patients to monitor glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments may be necessary.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Cell Block 80, from the product label.

Clean Machine

See all Clean Machine products
Name
Haute Science, Inc., dba CleanMachine(R)
City
Tampa
State
FL
ZipCode
33625
Phone Number
1-855-293-5772
Web Address
www.cleanmachineonline.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Cell Block 80 by Clean Machine: Common Questions

Does Cell Block 80 by Clean Machine interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Cell Block 80 has a known interaction with 1,376 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Cell Block 80 contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No, not safely. Boron, ashwagandha, and stinging nettle should all be avoided during pregnancy—boron may harm the fetus, and ashwagandha and stinging nettle carry traditional concerns about miscarriage. For breastfeeding, safety data for prickly pear cactus, ashwagandha, and stinging nettle are not well established. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you.
What is ashwagandha in this product used for?
Ashwagandha is possibly effective for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety disorder. Our data don't establish its effectiveness for other conditions.
What does boron do?
Boron is likely effective for boron deficiency and possibly effective for vaginal yeast infections and skin irritation caused by radiation therapy.
Can this product cause side effects?
Yes. The most common are mild belly fullness, indigestion, diarrhea, and nausea from prickly pear cactus, and diarrhea or gastrointestinal upset from ashwagandha. Rare but serious side effects include liver damage and, with ashwagandha, cases of intracranial bleeding. At very high boron doses, poisoning can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and shock. Stick to the label dose.
Does this work for diabetes?
Both prickly pear cactus and stinging nettle are possibly effective for diabetes, but they also interact with diabetes medications and may lower your blood sugar further. If you take diabetes drugs, you must talk to your pharmacist or doctor before using this product.
Is there anything in this product that has no interactions?
Boron showed no documented interactions in our data, but the other three ingredients—ashwagandha, prickly pear cactus, and stinging nettle—do interact with medications. Always check your specific prescriptions with the tool on this page.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Cell Block 80 is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Cell Block 80 label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Cell Block 80's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 70 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Boron 6 references
  1. Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
  2. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  3. Thai L, Hart LL. Boric acid vaginal suppositories. Ann Pharmacother 1993;27:1355-7.
  4. Acs N, Banhidy F, Puho E, Czeizel AE. Teratogenic effects of vaginal boric acid treatment during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006;93:55-6. PubMed
  5. Garabrant, D. H., Bernstein, L., Peters, J. M., and Smith, T. J. Respiratory and eye irritation from boron oxide and boric acid dusts. J Occup Med 1984;26(8):584-586. PubMed
  6. Hjelm C, Harari F, Vahter M. Pre- and postnatal environmental boron exposure and infant growth: results from a mother-child cohort in northern Argentina. Environ Res 2019;171:60-8. PubMed

See these in context on the Boron monograph →

Prickly Pear Cactus 9 references
  1. Meckes-Lozyoa M, Roman-Ramos R. Opuntia streptacantha; a coadjutor in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Am J Chin Med 1986;14:116-8.
  2. Rayburn K, Martinez R, Escobedo M, et al. Glycemic effects of various species of nopal (Opuntia sp.) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Texas J Rural Health 1998;26:68-76.
  3. Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
  4. Sobieraj DM, Freyer CW. Probable hypoglycemic adverse drug reaction associated with prickly pear cactus, glipizide, and metformin in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Pharmacother 2010;44:1334-7. PubMed
  5. Kleiner, O., Cohen, Z., and Mares, A. J. Low colonic obstruction due to Opuntia ficus indica seeds: the aftermath of enjoying delicious cactus fruits. Acta Paediatr. 2002;91(5):606-607.
  6. Steinberg, J. M. and Eitan, A. Prickly pear fruit bezoar presenting as rectal perforation in an elderly patient. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2003;18(4):365-367. PubMed
  7. Meckes-Lozyoa, M. and Roman-Ramos, R. Opuntia streptacantha: a coadjutor in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Am J Chin Med 1986;14(3-4):116-118.
  8. Onakpoya IJ, O'Sullivan J, Heneghan CJ. The effect of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutrition. 2015;31(5):640-6. PubMed
  9. Han EH, Lim MK, Lee S, et al. Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Stems for Improving Cognitive Function in Elderly Subjects 55-85 Years of Age: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Med Food 2020;23(11):11

See these in context on the Prickly Pear Cactus monograph →

Ashwagandha 32 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Upton R, ed. Ashwagandha Root (Withania somnifera): Analytical, quality control, and therapuetic monograph. Santa Cruz, CA: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia 2000:1-25.
  3. Davis L, Kuttan G. Effect of Withania somnifera on cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity. Cancer Lett 2000;148:9-17. PubMed
  4. Davis L, Kuttan G. Suppressive effect of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity by Withania somnifera extract in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;62:209-14. PubMed
  5. Mishra LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern Med Rev 2000;5:334-46. DOI
  6. Andallu B, Radhika B. Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effect of winter cherry (Withania somnifera, Dunal) root. Indian J Exp Biol 2000;38:607-9.
  7. Kulkarni RR, Patki PS, Jog VP, et al. Treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;33:91-5. PubMed
  8. Ahumada F, Aspee F, Wikman G, Hancke J. Withania somnifera exract. Its effects on arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized dogs. Phytother Res 1991;5:111-14.
  9. Panda S, Kar A. Withania somnifera and Bauhinia purpurea in the regulation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in female mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;67:233-39. PubMed
  10. Panda S, Kar A. Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations after administration of ashwagandha root extract to adult male mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998;50:1065-68. PubMed
  11. Sehgal, V. N., Verma, P., and Bhattacharya, S. N. Fixed-drug eruption caused by ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): a widely used Ayurvedic drug. Skinmed. 2012;10(1):48-49.
  12. Agnihotri AP, Sontakke SD, Thawani VR, Saoji A, Goswami VS. Effects of Withania somnifera in patients of schizophrenia: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled pilot trial study. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013;45(4):417-8. PubMed
  13. Biswal BM, Sulaiman SA, Ismail HC, Zakaria H, Musa KI. Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on the development of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Integr Cancer Ther. 2013;12(4):312-22.
  14. Sharma AK, Basu I, Singh S. Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha root extract in subclinical hypothyroid patients: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Mar;24(3):243-248. PubMed
  15. Durg S, Bavage S, Shivaram SB. Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng) in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of scientific evidence from experimental research to clinical application. Phytother Res. 2020;34(5):1041-1059.
  16. Björnsson HK, Björnsson ES, Avula B, et al. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury: A case series from Iceland and the US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Liver Int. 2020;40(4):825-829. PubMed
  17. Tharakan A, Shukla H, Benny IR, Tharakan M, George L, Koshy S. Immunomodulatory Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Extract-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial with an Open Label Extension on Healthy Participants. J Clin Med 2021;1 PubMed
  18. Ireland PJ, Hardy T, Burt AD, Donnelly MC. Drug-induced hepatocellular injury due to herbal supplement ashwagandha. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2021;51(4):363-365. PubMed
  19. Kamal HI, Patel K, Brdak A, Heffernan J, Ahmad N. Ashwagandha as a unique cause of thyrotoxicosis presenting with supraventricular tachycardia. Cureus. 2022 Mar 25;14(3):e23494. PubMed
  20. Suryawanshi G, Abdallah M, Thomson M, Desai N, Chauhan A, Lim N. Ashwagandha-Associated Acute Liver Failure Requiring Liver Transplantation. Am J Ther 2023;30(1):e80-e83. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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