Chaparral Leaf/Stem Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Cedar Bear
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Chaparral Leaf/Stem against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Chaparral Leaf/Stem is a dietary supplement by Cedar Bear with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for pain and inflammation, skin conditions, antioxidant/general wellness.Based on those ingredients, 370 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Chaparral. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Chaparral Leaf/Stem by Cedar Bear
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Chaparral Leaf/Stem by Cedar Bear — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Chaparral Leaf/Stem by Cedar Bear
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
This product contains one active ingredient: Chaparral, a plant material sold here as a liquid extract with vegetable glycerin and purified water as inactive ingredients.
Does it work?
Couldn't assess
We don't have effectiveness data on file for Chaparral. The evidence for what this ingredient can actually do isn't established in our records.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Chaparral carries serious safety concerns. It's been linked to liver damage and kidney toxicity — in some cases severe enough to require a liver transplant.
You may see symptoms like yellowing skin or eyes, tiredness, pain in the upper right belly, dark urine, pale stools, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, fever, or loss of appetite. The compound in chaparral thought to cause this damage is called NDGA.
Because of these toxicity risks, chaparral is not recommended for use. Do not take it during pregnancy or while breastfeeding — safety data is lacking and toxicity concerns are real.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take any medications that can stress the liver — chaparral may add to that risk. Use the interaction checker below to search your exact medications.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Given the serious liver and kidney toxicity linked to chaparral, this is not a product we'd recommend. If you're considering it, talk with your doctor or pharmacist first — they can discuss safer alternatives and review your individual health picture.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 23, 2020.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Chaparral Leaf/Stem, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Cedar Bear |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 834711002264 |
| Net contents | 60 mL; 2 fl. Oz. |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Oct 23, 2020 |
| DSLD ID | 237014 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Gluten Free, Sugar Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Chaparral Leaf/Stem by Cedar Bear, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Proprietary Blend | 0.5 mL | -- |
| Chaparral | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: USP Grade Vegetable Glycerin, purified Water
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
Manufactured in the USA
True Alcohol Free Sugar Free Gluten Free
Vegan
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: .5 mL (10 drops) 1 to 3 times a day, or as needed. Shake well.
Precautions
Note: Consult your physician before use.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Seals/Symbols
GMP Good Manufacturing Practices K (Kosher)
Formula
K (Kosher)
Larrea tridentata
General Statements
Herbal Single
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Chaparral Leaf/Stem by Cedar Bear label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Chaparral Leaf/Stem by Cedar Bear
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size0.5 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container120 Amounts shown are per serving.
Proprietary Blend
Other (inactive) ingredients: USP Grade Vegetable Glycerin, Purified Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Chaparral Leaf/Stem by Cedar Bear Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Cedar Bear's Chaparral Leaf/Stem is a single-ingredient liquid product, and it does interact with medications — specifically, drugs that are hard on the liver (hepatotoxic drugs).
Chaparral may add to that liver stress, raising the risk of damage.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Altogether, these interactions span 371 individual medications.
Before you start this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist about any prescription or over-the-counter drugs you take, especially ones that can affect your liver. If you're unsure whether a medication falls into that category, use the interaction checker on this page to look up your exact drugs.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Chaparral Leaf/Stem?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Chaparral Leaf/Stem interact with 370 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Chaparral Leaf/Stem interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Chaparral
6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acebutolol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Cold Plus Cough, Tylenol Cold Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic GG
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylephrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS, Histex SR, Protid
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interacts with Chaparral Leaf/Stem — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChaparralHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Chaparral + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Chaparral Leaf/Stem with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Chaparral
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Chaparral Leaf/Stem, from the product label.
Cedar Bear
See all Cedar Bear products- Name
- Cedar Bear Naturales INC
- Street Address
- PO Box 158
- City
- Roosevelt
- State
- UT
- ZipCode
- 84066
- Phone Number
- 1-888-854-3727
- Web Address
- Cedarbear.com
Chaparral Leaf/Stem by Cedar Bear: Common Questions
Does Chaparral Leaf/Stem by Cedar Bear interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Is chaparral safe to take?
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
What are the side effects I should watch for?
Does chaparral actually work for anything?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Chaparral Leaf/Stem is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Chaparral Leaf/Stem’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Chaparral Leaf/Stem's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 16 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Chaparral 16 references
- Smith BC, Desmond PV. Acute hepatitis induced by ingestion of the herbal medication chaparral. Aust N Z J Med 1993;23:526.. PubMed
- Gordon DW, Rosenthal G, Hart J, et al. Chaparral ingestion: the broadening spectrum of liver injury caused by herbal medications. JAMA 1995;273:489-90.
- Batchelor WB, Heathcote J, Wanless IR. Chaparral-induced hepatic injury. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:831-3.
- Katz M, Saibil F. Herbal hepatitis: subacute hepatic necrosis secondary to chaparral leaf. J Clin Gastroenterol 1990;12:203-6.
- Klepser TB, Klepser ME. Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:125-38. PubMed
- Sheikh NM, Philen RM, Love LA. Chaparral-associated hepatotoxicity. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:913-9. DOI
- Heron S, Yarnell E. The safety of low-dose Larrea tridentata (DC) Coville (creosote bush or chaparral): a retrospective clinical study. J Altern Complement Med 2001;7:175-85..
- Chaparral-induced toxic hepatitis-California and Texas, 1992. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1992;41:812-4.. DOI
- Estes JD, Stolpman D, Olyaei A, et al. High prevalence of potentially hepatotoxic herbal supplement use in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Arch Surg 2003;138:852-8.. PubMed
- Lambert JD, Zhao D, Meyers RO, et al. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid: hepatotoxicity and detoxification in the mouse. Toxicon 2002;40:1701-8.. PubMed
- Shasky DR. Contact dermatitis from Larrea tridentata (creosote bush). J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;15:302.. PubMed
- Smith AY, Feddersen RM, Gardner KD Jr, Davis CJ Jr. Cystic renal cell carcinoma and acquired renal cystic disease associated with consumption of chaparral tea: a case report. J Urol 1994;152:2089-91.. PubMed
- Kauma, H., Koskela, R., Makisalo, H., Autio-Harmainen, H., Lehtola, J., and Hockerstedt, K. Toxic acute hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis after consumption of chaparral tablets. Scand.J Gastroenterol. 2004;39(11):1168-1171. PubMed
- Leonforte, J. F. Contact dermatitis from Larrea (creosote bush). J Am Acad.Dermatol. 1986;14(2 Pt 1):202-207. PubMed
- Alderman, S., Kailas, S., Goldfarb, S., Singaram, C., and Malone, D. G. Cholestatic hepatitis after ingestion of chaparral leaf: confirmation by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and liver biopsy. J Clin.Gastroenterol. 1994;19(3):242-247.
- Clark, F. Chaparral-induced toxic hepatitis: California and Texas, 1992. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992;41:812-814. DOI
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC