Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Inula Combination #1 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Genestra Brands

Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Inula Combination #1 is a dietary supplement by Genestra Brands with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for cough and bronchitis, asthma symptoms, loosening mucus (expectorant).Based on those ingredients, 1,129 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Ginger (Zingiber officinale) root extract, Elecampane (Inula helenium) root extract, Cayenne (Capsicum annuum) fruit extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Inula Combination #1 by Genestra Brands

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This liquid formula contains 5 active ingredients: elecampane root extract, mullein aerial parts extract, grindelia aerial parts extract, ginger root extract, and cayenne fruit extract. These are traditional herbal ingredients often used in respiratory and digestive support formulas.

The product also contains purified water and ethanol as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Diabetic neuropathy — rated "Likely Effective" (Capsicum) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Postherpetic neuralgia — rated "Likely Effective" (Capsicum) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Back pain — rated "Possibly Effective" (Capsicum) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Cluster headache — rated "Possibly Effective" (Capsicum) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Capsicum) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for most of these ingredients is limited. Elecampane and mullein both have insufficient reliable evidence to rate for the conditions they're traditionally used for — cough, bronchitis, asthma, and other respiratory complaints.

Ginger shows more established research: it's rated possibly effective for pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting and period pain (dysmenorrhea), and possibly effective for osteoarthritis, though it was rated possibly ineffective for exercise soreness and chemotherapy nausea. Cayenne is rated likely effective for nerve pain after shingles (postherpetic neuralgia) and diabetic nerve pain, and possibly effective for cluster headaches and back pain.

Because the product contains a combination of herbs with varying evidence strength, talk with your pharmacist or doctor about what you're hoping to achieve and whether the research backs it up.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Elecampane Mullein Ginger Capsicum

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Ginger is generally well tolerated in typical amounts, though doses above 5 grams per day increase side effects. Common mild effects include stomach discomfort, heartburn, diarrhea, and a peppery sensation in the mouth.

Cayenne is also generally well tolerated in food amounts, but concentrated supplements cause burning and irritation — common side effects include belching, bloating, burning, diarrhea, nausea, and anal irritation. Elecampane can trigger allergic reactions and stomach upset, especially in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants (the daisy family).

Mullein is generally well tolerated for short-term use, though human safety data are sparse. Elecampane is rated likely unsafe in pregnancy and breastfeeding, and mullein should be avoided in both — we do not have enough data on ginger, cayenne, or grindelia to say they're safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding, so check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Elecampane Mullein Ginger Capsicum

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Elecampane, Mullein, Capsicum, Ginger.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,130 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist if you take blood thinners (warfarin, other anticoagulants, or aspirin), diabetes medications, the heart drug nifedipine, the blood pressure drug losartan, theophylline for asthma or COPD, ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic), or cancer medications processed through your liver. Also mention if you take sedating drugs or alcohol — elecampane may add to drowsiness.

These are the medication types we found documented interactions for; ginger and cayenne account for most of them.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product combines five herbal ingredients with varying strength of evidence behind them. It's best suited for someone interested in traditional respiratory support who's not on blood thinners, diabetes medications, or sedating drugs.

If you take any prescription medication — especially blood thinners, diabetes drugs, or heart medications — check with your pharmacist before you start. Pregnant or breastfeeding?

Talk to your doctor first, since the safety data don't support it.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Inula Combination #1, straight from the product label.

Brand Genestra Brands
Barcode (UPC) 88319613770
Net contents 2 fl. Oz.; 60 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 23, 2016
DSLD ID 56443
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Inula Combination #1 by Genestra Brands, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
88319613770
IngredientAmount% DV
Elecampane (Inula helenium) root extract0.33 mL--
Mullein (Verbascum thapsu) aerial parts extract0.28 mL--
Grindelia (Grindelia squarrosa/camporum) aerial parts extract0.33 mL--
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) root extract0.04 mL--
Cayenne (Capsicum annuum) fruit extract0.02 mL--

Other ingredients: purified Water, Ethanol

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommended Adult Dose: Take 20 drops three to five times daily, thirty minutes before meals, or as recommended by your healthcare practitioner.

Precautions

Risk Information: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding; or if you are allergic to elecampane or to plants of the Asteraceae family, do not use.

Risk Information: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding; or if you are allergic to elecampane or to plants of the Asteraceae family, do not use.

Quality Assurance: Safety-sealed for your protection and for product freshness. Do not use if outer seal is missing or broken.

Formulation

Guaranteed to contain no added starch, soy, sodium, sugar, artificial coloring or flavoring, dairy or animal products.

Ideal for vegans.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

General

V1.0 711

FDA Statement of Identity

HERBAL SUPPLEMENT

Seals/Symbols

Seroyal

See for yourself

Inula Combination #1 by Genestra Brands label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Inula Combination #1 by Genestra Brands

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

0.33 mL per serving

Elecampane is a traditional herb used mainly for coughs and other respiratory complaints, and as a bitter for digestion. Modern human evidence is very...

Elecampane (Inula helenium) root extract monograph & interactions
0.28 mL per serving

Mullein is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea or syrup to soothe coughs, sore throats, and respiratory irritation. High-quality huma...

Mullein (Verbascum thapsu) aerial parts extract monograph & interactions

Grindelia (Grindelia squarrosa/camporum) aerial parts extract

0.33 mL per serving

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) root extract

Interacts with
1,007 drugs
0.04 mL per serving

Ginger is a widely used culinary spice with a long history in traditional medicine, and it has the strongest evidence for helping with nausea and vomi...

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) root extract monograph & interactions

Cayenne (Capsicum annuum) fruit extract

Interacts with
239 drugs
0.02 mL per serving

Capsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain. Topical capsaicin p...

Cayenne (Capsicum annuum) fruit extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Purified Water, Ethanol. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Inula Combination #1 by Genestra Brands Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Inula Combination #1?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

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Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Inula Combination #1 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) root extract14 drug types · 1,007 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, research is conflicting.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger inhibits thromboxane synthetase and decreases platelet aggregation. However, this has not been demonstrated unequivocally in humans, with mixed results from clinical trials. Theoretically, excessive amounts of ginger might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking ginger with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal and human research suggests that ginger might increase insulin levels and/or decrease blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research and some case reports suggest that ginger inhibits CYP3A4 activity. Three case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are CYP3A4 substrates (imatinib, dabrafenib, and crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.
Conversely, other in vitro research suggests that ginger induces CYP3A4 activity, leading to reduced levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Losartan (Cozaar)

Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of losartan and the risk of hypotension.
In animal research, ginger increased the levels and hypotensive effects of a single dose of losartan. It is not clear if ginger alters the concentration or effects of losartan when taken continuously. Additionally, this interaction has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nifedipine (Procardia)

Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and increase the risk of bleeding if used with nifedipine.
Clinical research shows that combined treatment with ginger 1 gram plus nifedipine 10 mg significantly inhibits platelet aggregation when compared to nifedipine or ginger alone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Ginger might increase the absorption and blood levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
In vitro research and case reports suggest that ginger inhibits drug efflux by P-gp, potentially increasing absorption and serum levels of P-gp substrates. Two case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are P-gp substrates (trametinib, crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar, Others)

Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with phenprocoumon.
Phenprocoumon, a warfarin-related anticoagulant, might increase the international normalized ratio (INR) when taken with ginger. There is one case report of a 76-year-old woman with a stable INR on phenprocoumon that increased to greater than 10 when she began consuming dried ginger and ginger tea.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger might inhibit thromboxane synthetase and decrease platelet aggregation. In one case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with phenprocoumon, which has similar pharmacological effects as warfarin. In another case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with a combination of warfarin, hydrochlorothiazide, and acetaminophen. A longitudinal analysis suggests that taking ginger increases the risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin for at least 4 months. However, research in healthy people suggests that ginger has no effect on INR, or the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. Until more is known, monitor INRs closely in patients taking large amounts of ginger.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Calcium Channel Blockers

Theoretically, taking ginger with calcium channel blockers might increase the risk of hypotension.
Some animal and in vitro research suggests that ginger has hypotensive and calcium channel-blocking effects. Another animal study shows that concomitant administration of ginger and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine leads to greater reductions in blood pressure when compared with amlodipine alone.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, when taken prior to cyclosporine, ginger might decrease cyclosporine levels.
In an animal model, ginger juice taken 2 hours prior to cyclosporine administration reduced the maximum concentration and area under the curve of cyclosporine by 51% and 40%, respectively. This effect was not observed when ginger juice and cyclosporine were administered at the same time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP1A2 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2B6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2B6 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2C9 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of metronidazole.
In an animal model, ginger increased the absorption and plasma half-life of metronidazole. In addition, the elimination rate and clearance of metronidazole was significantly reduced.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Elecampane (Inula helenium) root extract1 drug type · 248 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, elecampane may cause additive sedative effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Elecampane might have sedative effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Cayenne (Capsicum annuum) fruit extract6 drug types · 239 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that capsicum might increase the effects of antiplatelet drugs. Also, population research shows that capsicum is associated with an increased risk of self-reported bleeding in patients taking warfarin. However, clinical research shows that taking a single dose of capsaicin (Asian Herbex Ltd.), the active ingredient in capsicum, 400-800 mcg orally in combination with aspirin 500 mg does not decrease platelet aggregation when compared with taking aspirin 500 mg alone. Also, there was no notable effect on measures of platelet aggregation with capsaicin. It is unclear whether capsaicin must be used in more than a single dose to affect platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking capsicum with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Preliminary clinical research shows that consuming capsicum 5 grams along with a glucose drink attenuates the rise in plasma glucose after 30 minutes by 21%, decreases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma glucose by 11%, and increases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma insulin by 58% in healthy individuals when compared with placebo. Other clinical research shows that taking capsicum 5 mg daily for 28 days significantly reduces postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels, but not fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, in patients with gestational diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Animal research shows that acute or chronic intake of capsicum pepper reduces oral aspirin bioavailability. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Theophylline

Theoretically, taking capsicum with theophylline might increase the levels and adverse effects of theophylline.
In animal research, oral administration of capsicum reduced excretion of theophylline. However, capsicum does not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of theophylline when administered intravenously.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, using topical capsaicin may increase the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced cough.
There is one case report of a topically applied capsaicin cream contributing to the cough reflex in a patient using an ACEI. However, it is unclear if this interaction is clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Theoretically, taking capsicum with ciprofloxacin might increase levels and adverse effects of ciprofloxacin.
Animal research shows that concomitant use of capsaicin, the active constituent of capsicum, and ciprofloxacin increases the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by up to 70%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Mullein (Verbascum thapsu) aerial parts extract1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Lab tests on extracts from different parts of common and dense-flowered mullein plants show that they do have some blood-thinning effects, as they increase the time it takes for blood to clot. This is likely due to at least one of the known constituents of muellein, triterpenoid saponins. However, the effects appear to be mild and results have been inconsistent. Extracts from different plant parts have been show to have varying anticoagulant strengths, with water-based ones being more potent than alcohol-based extracts.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence A
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Inula Combination #1, from the product label.

Genestra Brands

Name
Seroyal USA
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
ZipCode
15275
Phone Number
1-888-737-6925
Web Address
seroyal.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Inula Combination #1 by Genestra Brands: Common Questions

Does Inula Combination #1 by Genestra Brands interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Inula Combination #1 has a known interaction with 1,129 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Inula Combination #1 contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is elecampane, and what's it used for?
Elecampane is a root extract from an herb that's traditionally been used for cough and respiratory issues. However, we don't have strong clinical evidence that it actually works for these purposes. It's generally used in small amounts — usually in teas or tinctures — but can cause stomach upset and allergic reactions, especially if you're sensitive to ragweed or related plants.
Is this product safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
No. Elecampane is rated likely unsafe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Mullein should also be avoided — there isn't enough data to know it's safe. We don't have enough information on ginger, cayenne, or grindelia to say either way. If you're pregnant or nursing, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product.
What side effects might I experience?
The most common ones are stomach-related: heartburn, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, nausea, and bloating — especially from the ginger and cayenne. You may also feel a burning or peppery sensation in your mouth or throat, or experience burping. Elecampane and mullein can rarely cause allergic reactions if you're sensitive to plants in the daisy family (ragweed, chrysanthemums, daisies). If you have a skin reaction or severe symptoms, stop and talk to your pharmacist.
Does ginger in this product actually help with nausea?
Ginger is rated possibly effective for pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, which means some research supports it but it's not definitive. If you're pregnant, check with your doctor first — you want to keep amounts moderate. For other types of nausea, the evidence is weaker.
Can I take this with my blood pressure or blood thinner medication?
You need to check with your pharmacist first. Ginger and cayenne in this product can increase bleeding risk with blood thinners like warfarin and may affect blood pressure medications like losartan. Don't start this product without verifying it's safe with your specific drugs.
What's in this product besides the herbs?
The liquid contains purified water and ethanol (alcohol) as inactive ingredients. If you can't have alcohol or are sensitive to it, mention that to your pharmacist — they may suggest an alternative form.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Inula Combination #1 label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Inula Combination #1's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 160 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Elecampane 5 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  3. Lamminpaa A, Estlander T, Jolanki R, Kanerva L. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by decorative plants. Contact Dermatitis 1996;34:330-5. PubMed
  4. Pazzaglia, M., Venturo, N., Borda, G., and Tosti, A. Contact dermatitis due to a massage liniment containing Inula helenium extract. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(4):267.
  5. Aalto-Korte, K., Alanko, K., Kuuliala, O., and Jolanki, R. Late reactions in patch tests: a 4-year review from a clinic of occupational dermatology. Contact Dermatitis 2007;56(2):81-86. PubMed

See these in context on the Elecampane monograph →

Mullein 2 references
  1. Castro AI, Carmona JB, Gonzales FG, Nestar OB. Occupational airborne dermatitis from gordolobo (Verbascum densiflorum). Contact Dermatitis 2006;55(5):301.
  2. Flores Echaiz C, Al Ali A, Cao AQ, Sasseville D. Simultaneous contact dermatitis caused by Asteraceae and Verbascum thapsus. Contact Dermatitis 2017;76(5):316-8.

See these in context on the Mullein monograph →

Ginger 64 references
  1. Fischer-Rasmussen W, Kjaer SK, Dahl C, Asping U. Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38:19-24. PubMed
  2. Jewell D, Young G. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000145. PubMed
  3. Vutyavanich T, Kraisarin T, Ruangsri R. Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:577-82. DOI
  4. Backon J. Ginger in preventing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; a caveat due to its thromboxane synthetase activity and effect on testosterone binding. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;42:163-4. PubMed
  5. Srivastava KC. Effect of onion and ginger consumption on platelet thromboxane production in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1989;35:183-5. PubMed
  6. Stewart JJ, Wood MJ, Wood CD, Mims ME. Effects of ginger on motion sickness susceptibility and gastric function. Pharmacology 1991;42:111-20. PubMed
  7. Smith C, Crowther C, Willson K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:639-45. PubMed
  8. Portnoi G, Chng LA, Karimi-Tabesh L, et al. Prospective comparative study of the safety and effectiveness of ginger for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:1374-7.. PubMed
  9. Wigler I, Grotto I, Caspi D, Yaron M. The effects of Zintona EC (a ginger extract) on symptomatic gonarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003;11:783-9. PubMed
  10. Ghayur MN, Gilani AH. Ginger lowers blood pressure through blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005;45:74-80. PubMed
  11. Thomson M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Sawan SM, et al. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as a potential anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agent. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002;67:475-8. PubMed
  12. Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
  13. Akhani SP, Vishwakarma SL, Goyal RK. Anti-diabetic activity of Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004;56:101-5.
  14. Kruth P, Brosi E, Fux R, et al. Ginger-associated overanticoagulation by phenprocoumon. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:257-60. PubMed
  15. Jiang X, Williams KM, Liauw WS, et al. Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;59:425-32. PubMed
  16. Borrelli F, Capasso R, Aviello G, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:849-56. PubMed
  17. Smith C, Crowther C, Wilson K et al. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:639-45. PubMed
  18. Jiang X, Blair EY, McLachlan AJ. Investigation of the effects of herbal medicines on warfarin response in healthy subjects: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling approach. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1370-8. PubMed
  19. Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B. Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:15-20.
  20. Ozgoli G, Goli M, Moattar F. Comparison of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:129-32. PubMed
  21. Black CD, Herring MP, Hurley DJ, O'Connor PJ. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise. J Pain 2010;11:894-903. PubMed
  22. Heitmann K, Nordeng H, Holst L. Safety of ginger use in pregnancy: results from a large population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012 Jun 17. PubMed
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See these in context on the Capsicum monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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