Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

SARM Extreme Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Pharma War

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

SARM Extreme is a dietary supplement by Pharma War with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for parkinson's disease symptoms, male fertility and libido, mood and stress support.Based on those ingredients, 1,206 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Horny Goat Weed extract, Bulbine natalensis, Tribulus terrestris extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of SARM Extreme by Pharma War

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Testosterone Support/Anti-Aromatase Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (425 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

SARM Extreme has 6 active ingredients. Mucuna pruriens (also called cowhage) is a plant extract containing levodopa, an active compound that affects dopamine in your brain.

Androsta-3,5-diene-7-17-dione (Arimistane) is a hormone-altering compound believed to inhibit the enzyme aromatase. Bulbine natalensis is a plant extract used for various purposes.

Tribulus terrestris extract comes from a plant traditionally used for sexual function and athletic performance. Horny Goat Weed extract is another plant ingredient.

The product also contains inactive ingredients — gelatin, silica, magnesium stearate, and stearic acid — which serve as capsule material and binders.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Growth enhancement, sexual function, and well-being.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Muscle strength, Erectile dysfunction (ED), Sexual arousal, Sexual desire — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Tribulus is rated "Possibly Effective" for Sexual dysfunction (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Tribulus is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Tribulus is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Erectile dysfunction (ED), Male infertility, Exercise-induced muscle damage.

The evidence for what this product actually does isn't established in the data we hold. Mucuna pruriens, Arimistane, Bulbine natalensis, and Horny Goat Weed extract all carry ratings of insufficient reliable evidence for their claimed uses — meaning the research hasn't been strong or complete enough to make a solid call.

Tribulus terrestris is rated possibly effective for sexual dysfunction but possibly ineffective for athletic performance. Without stronger evidence, we can't tell you whether SARM Extreme will deliver on its claims.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Cowhage Arimistane Bulbine Natalensis Tribulus Horny Goat Weed

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Mucuna pruriens contains an active drug-like compound (levodopa) and should be used only with professional guidance. The product advises against use during pregnancy because of levodopa's dopamine effects and insufficient safety data; it also advises against breastfeeding because levodopa can lower prolactin and reduce milk supply.

Adverse effects from Mucuna pruriens are generally rare when taken by mouth but may include diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, headaches, and insomnia (reported in about 3% of people in one clinical trial). Arimistane is a hormone-altering drug with little safety data and is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy and lactation — regulators warn against aromatase inhibitor supplements.

Bulbine natalensis lacks human safety data but animal studies suggest possible liver and kidney toxicity at higher doses; it's rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy and unsafe in lactation. Root samples from open markets have been found to contain high levels of aluminum and iron, which theoretically could cause cognitive problems, gastric upset, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or gut perforation.

Tribulus terrestris is generally well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, though quality and long-term safety data are limited; it's rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy and lactation. Rare serious adverse effects include liver and kidney injury, seizures, and painful erection.

Horny Goat Weed extract has limited human safety data; short-term use may be tolerated but quality varies between products. Common side effects include dizziness, dry mouth, nosebleed, thirst, and vomiting.

It's rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy and lactation.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Cowhage Arimistane Bulbine Natalensis Tribulus Horny Goat Weed

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Tribulus, Horny Goat Weed, Cowhage, Bulbine Natalensis, Arimistane.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 1,207 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking SARM Extreme, check with your pharmacist if you take methyldopa, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), levodopa, blood sugar medications, antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, anesthesia, guanethidine, aromatase inhibitors, liver-metabolized drugs (especially those processed by CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, digoxin, testosterone replacement, blood pressure medications, lithium, or estrogens. These are the drug types documented to interact with this product's ingredients.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a multi-ingredient supplement with serious drug interactions — especially if you take antidepressants, blood pressure medications, blood thinners, or blood sugar drugs — and limited evidence it works. Several ingredients are rated possibly unsafe or unsafe in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting, and run your complete medication list through the interaction checker on this page.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 25, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about SARM Extreme, straight from the product label.

Brand Pharma War
Net contents 90 Capsule(s)
Market status Off market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 25, 2020
DSLD ID 211441
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for SARM Extreme by Pharma War, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
90
IngredientAmount% DV
Mucuna pruriens0 NP--
Androsta-3 5-Diene-7-17-Dione0 NP--
((2S)-3-(4-Cyanophenoxy)-N-[4-Cyano-3-(Trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-2Hydroxy-2-Methylpropanamide)7 mg--
Testosterone Support/Anti-Aromatase Blend425 mg--
Bulbine natalensis0 NP--
Tribulus terrestris extract0 NP--
Horny Goat Weed extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Silica, Magnesium Stearate, Stearic Acid

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Growth enhancer Great sense of well being Estro/cortisol blocker

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

See for yourself

SARM Extreme by Pharma War label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in SARM Extreme by Pharma War

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

((2S)-3-(4-Cyanophenoxy)-N-[4-Cyano-3-(Trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-2Hydroxy-2-Methylpropanamide)

7 mg per serving

Testosterone Support/Anti-Aromatase Blend

425 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Silica, Magnesium Stearate, Stearic Acid. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

SARM Extreme by Pharma War Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against SARM Extreme?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,206Drugs
17 Major 1,189 Moderate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in SARM Extreme with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Horny Goat Weed extract6 drug types · 963 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research and animal research shows that horny goat weed can inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the risk of hypotension.
Laboratory research suggests that horny goat weed might have hypotensive effects. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro, horny goat weed leaf extract inhibits CYP1A2. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP2B6 substrates.
In vitro, horny goat weed leaf extract inhibits CYP2B6. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro, horny goat weed extract inhibits CYP3A4 and suppresses CYP3A4 mRNA expression. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, concomitant use of horny goat weed with estrogens might increase their therapeutic and adverse effects.
In vitro evidence suggests that horny goat weed has estrogenic activity. In clinical research, horny goat weed has been shown to increase blood levels of estrogen in some females.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Bulbine natalensis7 drug types · 919 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, combining Bulbine natalensis leaf with drugs that have anticoagulant or antiplatelet activity might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis ground leaf extract inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract slightly induces CYP1A2 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Theoretically, this may increase the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates; however, this has not been studied in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract induces CYP2C9 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Theoretically, this may increase the metabolism of CYP2C9 substrates; however, this has not been studied in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract induces CYP3A4 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Theoretically, this may increase the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates, but this has not been studied in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might increase the risk of adverse effects and toxicity when taken with digoxin.
Bulbine natalensis stem may contain cardiac glycosides, although it is unclear if these chemicals are present in clinically relevant concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might increase the levels and clinical effects of p-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem extract induces p-glycoprotein mRNA expression; however, effects on transporter expression were not evaluated.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Testosterone

Theoretically, using Bulbine natalensis stem with testosterone replacement therapy might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Animal research shows that Bulbine natalensis stem can increase testosterone levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Tribulus terrestris extract3 drug types · 259 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Taking tribulus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that Tribulus can lower blood glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes who are taking antidiabetes medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking tribulus with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research shows that tribulus can lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Tribulus has also demonstrated hypotensive effects in pre-hypertensive adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, tribulus might increase the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
Tribulus is thought to have diuretic properties. Due to these potential diuretic effects, tribulus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Mucuna pruriens8 drug types · 193 drugs

Levodopa

Concomitant use can increase the risk of levodopa-related adverse effects.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Some cowhage products have been standardized to contain 75-400 mg of levodopa per dose.

Likelihood Likely Evidence D
Methyldopa (Aldomet)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and methyldopa might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with methyldopa might cause additive hypotension. In addition, methyldopa may inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa and increase levodopa levels in the central nervous system; avoid using.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and non-selective MAOIs might increase the risk of hypertensive crisis.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with non-selective MAOIs might cause hypertensive crisis. However, this interaction has not been reported with MAO-B selective inhibitors such as selegiline.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anesthesia

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and anesthesia might increase the risk of arrhythmias.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon anesthesia has led to arrhythmias. Other anesthetics have not been implicated. Use other anesthetics in patients taking cowhage or tell patients to stop taking cowhage at least 2 weeks before surgery.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that cowhage might have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antipsychotic Drugs

Theoretically, use of cowhage might decrease the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa might counteract the antidopaminergic effects of antipsychotic medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Guanethidine (Ismelin)

Theoretically, concomitant use of cowhage and guanethidine might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of levodopa with guanethidine might cause additive hypotension; avoid using.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tricyclic Antidepressants (Tcas)

Theoretically, use of TCAs might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cowhage.
Cowhage contains levodopa. Use of TCAs might reduce the absorption of levodopa. Some case reports describe patients that developed hypertension and dyskinesia when taking both levodopa and TCAs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Androsta-3 5-Diene-7-17-Dione1 drug type · 4 drugs

Aromatase Inhibitors

It is believed that Arimistane inhibits the aromatase enzyme, which may interact with other aromatase inhibitors. This interaction could potentially increase the risk of side effects associated with low estrogen levels or from additive side effects, such as an increased risk of liver toxicity. It is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before combining Arimistane with other aromatase inhibitors to assess the potential risks and benefits.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for SARM Extreme, from the product label.

Pharma War

See all Pharma War products
Name
Pharma War
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

SARM Extreme by Pharma War: Common Questions

Does SARM Extreme by Pharma War interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, SARM Extreme has a known interaction with 1,206 medications, including 17 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
SARM Extreme contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take SARM Extreme if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Mucuna pruriens, Arimistane, Bulbine natalensis, Tribulus, and Horny Goat Weed are all rated either possibly unsafe or unsafe during pregnancy because of hormone and dopamine effects and lack of safety data. Arimistane, Bulbine natalensis are rated unsafe while breastfeeding; Mucuna pruriens can lower prolactin and reduce milk supply. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before use.
What are the most common side effects?
From Mucuna pruriens: diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, headaches, and insomnia. From Horny Goat Weed: dizziness, dry mouth, nosebleed, thirst, and vomiting. Bulbine natalensis safety data in humans are lacking. Most adverse effects seem mild, but this product has not been thoroughly evaluated.
Does this product actually work for what it claims?
The evidence isn't established in our data. Most ingredients — Mucuna pruriens, Arimistane, Bulbine natalensis, and Horny Goat Weed — carry ratings of insufficient reliable evidence for their claimed uses. Tribulus is rated possibly effective for sexual dysfunction but possibly ineffective for athletic performance. You'd want stronger proof before expecting results.
Is Mucuna pruriens safe to use on its own?
Mucuna pruriens contains levodopa, an active drug-like compound, so it requires careful use and professional guidance. It's generally well tolerated by mouth in some people, but it has serious interactions with common medications like antidepressants and blood pressure drugs. Don't take it without checking with your pharmacist first.
Why does this product interact with so many medications?
Several ingredients — especially Mucuna pruriens (which contains levodopa) and Bulbine natalensis — affect how your liver processes drugs or how certain hormones and neurotransmitters work in your body. That's why it touches so many drug types. Each interaction has its own risk, and some are serious.
What should I do before I start taking this?
Use the medication checker on this page to run every single prescription, over-the-counter drug, and other supplement you take against this product's ingredients. Then talk to your pharmacist or doctor. Given the number and severity of interactions and the limited evidence of effectiveness, this is not a product to start on your own.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

SARM Extreme label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind SARM Extreme’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

SARM Extreme's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 42 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Cowhage 12 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Anon. Epidemiological notes and reports: Mucuna pruriens-associated pruritus--New Jersey. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1985;34:732-3.
  4. HP-200 in Parkinson's Disease study group. An alternative medicine treatment for Parkinson's disease: Results of a multicenter clinical trial. J Alt Comp Med 1995;1:249-55. DOI
  5. Infante ME, Perez AM, Simao MR, et al. Outbreak of acute toxic psychosis attributed to Mucuna pruriens. Lancet 1990;336:1129. PubMed
  6. Vaidya AB, Rajagopalan TG, Mankodi NA, et al. Treatment of Parkinson's disease with the cowhage plant-Mucuna pruriens Bak. Neurol India 1978;26:171-6.
  7. Vadivel V, Janardhanan K. Nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of velvet bean: an under-utilized food legume in south India. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2000;51:279-87. PubMed
  8. Akhtar MS, Qureshi AQ, Iqbal J. Antidiabetic evaluation of Mucuna pruriens, Linn seeds. J Pak Med Assoc 1990;40:147-50.
  9. Prakash, D., Niranjan, A., and Tewari, S. K. Some nutritional properties of the seeds of three Mucuna species. Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr. 2001;52(1):79-82.
  10. Vadivel, V. and Janardhanan, K. Nutritional and antinutritional characteristics of seven South Indian wild legumes. Plant Foods Hum.Nutr 2005;60(2):69-75. PubMed
  11. Creapure (Creatine Monohydrate). Toxicological Datasheet. Degussa BioActives. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/DOCKETS/.../95s-0316-rpt0154-54-Ref-50-vol112.pdf.
  12. Pulikkalpura H, Kurup R, Mathew PJ, Baby S. Levodopa in Mucuna pruriens and its degradation. Sci Rep 2015;5:11078. PubMed

See these in context on the Cowhage monograph →

Arimistane 1 reference
  1. Joseph JF, Parr MK. Synthetic androgens as designer supplements. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2015;13(1):89-100. PubMed

See these in context on the Arimistane monograph →

Bulbine Natalensis 8 references
  1. Afolayan AJ, Yakubu MT. Effect of Bulbine natalensis Baker Stem Extract on the Functional Indices and Histology of the Liver and Kidney of Male Wistar Rats. J Med Food. 2009;12(4):814-820.
  2. Mosa RA, Lazarus GG, Gwala PE, Oyedeji AO, Opoku AR. In Vitro Anti-platelet Aggregation, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Extracts of Some Zulu Medicinal Plants. J Nat Prod. 2011;4(2011):136-146.
  3. Okem A, Southway C, Stirk WA, et al. Heavy metal contamination in South African medicinal plants: A cause for concern. South African J Bot. 2014;93(2014):125-130. DOI
  4. Yakubu MT, Afolayan AJ. Reproductive toxicologic evaluations of Bulbine natalensis Baker stem extract in albino rats. Theriogenology. 2009;72(3):322-32. PubMed
  5. Yakubu MT, Afolayan AJ. Effect of aqueous extract of Bulbine natalensis (Baker) stem on the sexual behaviour of male rats. Int J Androl. 2009;32(6):629-36.
  6. Yakubu MT, Afolayan AJ. Anabolic and androgenic activities of Bulbine natalensis stem in male Wistar rats. Pharm Biol. 2010;48(5):568-76.
  7. Husain I, Manda V, Alhusban M, et al. Modulation of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 activity by Bulbine natalensis and its constituents: An assessment of HDI risk of B. natalensis containing supplements. Phytomedicine 2021;81:153416. PubMed
  8. Husain I, Dale OR, Manda V, et al. Bulbine natalensis (currently Bulbine latifolia) and select bulbine knipholones modulate the activity of AhR, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and P-gp. Planta Med 2022;88(12):975-984. PubMed

See these in context on the Bulbine Natalensis monograph →

Tribulus 10 references
  1. Sharifi AM, Darabi R, Akbarloo N. Study of antihypertensive mechanism of Tribulus terrestris in 2K1C hypertensive rats: role of tissue ACE activity. Life Sci 2003;73:2963-71. PubMed
  2. Walker D, Bird A, Flora T, O'Sullivan B. Some effects of feeding Tribulus terrestris, Ipomoea lonchophylla and the seed of Abelmoschus ficulneus on fetal development and the outcome of pregnancy in sheep. Reprod Fertil Dev 1992;4:135-44. PubMed
  3. Al-Ali M, Wahbi S, Twaij H, Al-Badr A. Tribulus terrestris: preliminary study of its diuretic and contractile effects and comparison with Zea mays. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;85:257-60. PubMed
  4. Tabakova, P., Dimitrov, M., Ognyanov, K., and et al. Clinical study of Tribestan in females with endocrine sterility. Documentation for Registration (unpublished) 1999.
  5. Akhtari E, Raisi F, Keshavarz M, et al. Tribulus terrestris for treatment of sexual dysfunction in women: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Daru 2014;22:40. PubMed
  6. Ryan M, Lazar I, Nadasdy GM, et al. Acute kidney injury and hyperbilirubinemia in a young male after ingestion of Tribulus terrestris. Clin Nephrol 2015;83(3):177-83. PubMed
  7. Postigo S, Lima SM, Yamada SS, et al. Assessment of the effects of Tribulus terrestris on sexual function of menopausal women. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2016;38(3):140-6. PubMed
  8. Talasaz AH, Abbasi MR, Abkhiz S, Dashti-Khavidaki S. Tribulus terrestris-induced severe nephrotoxicity in a young healthy male. Nephrol Dial Tranplant 2010;25(11):3792-3. PubMed
  9. Samani NB, Jokar A, Soveid M, Heydari M, Mosavat SH. Efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris on the serum glucose and lipid profile of women with diabetes mellitus: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Evid
  10. Siddiqui MA, Itrat M, Mobeen A, Khan MI. Efficacy of khar-i-khasak (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) in prehypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2021.

See these in context on the Tribulus monograph →

Horny Goat Weed 11 references
  1. Cirigliano MD, Szapary PO. Horny goat weed for erectile dysfunction. Alt Med Alert 2001;4:19-22.
  2. Partin JF, Pushkin YR. Tachyarrhythmia and hypomania with horny goat weed. Psychosomatics 2004;45:536-7. PubMed
  3. De Naeyer A, Pocock V, Milligan S, De Keukeleire D. Estrogenic activity of a polyphenolic extract of the leaves of Epimedium brevicornum. Fitoterapia 2005;76:35-40. PubMed
  4. Zhang CZ, Wang SX, Zhang Y, et al. In vitro estrogenic activities of Chinese medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of menopausal symptoms. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;98:295-300. PubMed
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See these in context on the Horny Goat Weed monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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