Zenergy Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Zenergy against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Zenergy is a dietary supplement by Purity Products with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for anxiety and stress, relaxation and calm, sleep support.Based on those ingredients, 1,436 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sensoril Withania somnifera extract, Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata) extract, Suntheanine L-Theanine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Zenergy by Purity Products
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Zenergy by Purity Products — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Zenergy by Purity Products
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Zenergy contains four active ingredients. Suntheanine L-Theanine is an amino acid derived from tea that may support cognitive function.
Sensoril Withania somnifera extract (ashwagandha) is an adaptogenic herb traditionally used for stress and anxiety. Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata) extract is a botanical with sedative properties, and Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum) extract is another adaptogenic herb.
The capsules also contain inactive ingredients: vegetable cellulose, rice flour, and magnesium stearate.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Evidence for these ingredients varies. Theanine is possibly effective for cognitive function, but the data for age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, and anxiety disorders (GAD and OCD) is insufficient to rate.
Ashwagandha is possibly effective for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), though evidence for bipolar disorder is insufficient. Passion flower is possibly effective for insomnia and pre-procedural anxiety, while evidence for alcohol use disorder and benzodiazepine withdrawal is insufficient.
Holy basil has insufficient evidence for the conditions listed — including generalized anxiety, asthma, headache, respiratory infections, dental plaque, and diabetes.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
The product is generally well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, though long-term safety data are limited for all four ingredients. Theanine may cause headaches, drowsiness, increased sleep duration, or vivid dreams; ashwagandha and passion flower commonly cause drowsiness.
Ashwagandha carries rare but serious risks including acute hepatitis and liver failure. Passion flower has been reported to cause confusion, dizziness, and hypersensitivity reactions in rare cases.
Holy basil is generally well tolerated but may cause loose stools, nausea (orally), or bitter taste (topically). Regarding pregnancy: theanine and passion flower lack sufficient safety data and should be avoided; ashwagandha is traditionally thought to raise miscarriage risk and should be avoided; holy basil is rated possibly unsafe and should be avoided.
For breastfeeding, there is not enough safety information for any of the four ingredients, so they should all be avoided while nursing.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking Zenergy, check with your pharmacist if you use blood pressure medications (theanine and ashwagandha may lower pressure further), sedatives or CNS depressants like barbiturates (three ingredients increase drowsiness), benzodiazepines (ashwagandha is Moderate), antidiabetes drugs (ashwagandha and holy basil may lower blood sugar too much), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (holy basil may increase bleeding risk), thyroid hormone (ashwagandha may boost effects), immunosuppressants (ashwagandha may reduce effectiveness), drugs that affect liver function (ashwagandha carries hepatotoxicity risk), or certain enzyme-metabolized drugs (ashwagandha, passion flower, and holy basil may alter levels).
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Zenergy is designed for people interested in cognitive support and stress relief using herbal adaptogens. If you take blood pressure medications, sedatives, benzodiazepines, diabetes drugs, blood thinners, thyroid hormone, or any drug that affects the liver, talk with your pharmacist before starting this product — the interactions are real and may need dose adjustments or careful monitoring.
Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should avoid it. Everyone else should check their complete medication list with the tool on this page.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 25, 2021.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Zenergy, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Purity Products |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 30 Vegetarian Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Mar 25, 2021 |
| DSLD ID | 244316 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Zenergy by Purity Products, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Suntheanine L-Theanine | 100 mg | -- |
| Sensoril Withania somnifera extract | 250 mg | -- |
| Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata) extract | 175 mg | -- |
| Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum) extract | 175 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, Rice Flour, Magnesium Stearate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Intelligent nutritional solutions
Premium grade supplements Since 1993
Formulation
Calm energy flow
Promotes calm energy flow Supports relaxed mental clarity
Formula
250mg of Sensoril 100mg of Suntheanine
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: Adults take 1 capsule daily. For daily use.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Sensoril is a registered trademark of Natreon, Inc. and is protected under U.S. Patent #6,713,092. Suntheanine is a registered trademark of Taiyo International Inc.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Zenergy by Purity Products label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Zenergy by Purity Products
These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Suntheanine L-Theanine
Interacts with565 drugs
Theanine (usually L-theanine) is an amino acid found naturally in tea leaves that many people take to feel calmer and less stressed without strong dro...
Suntheanine L-Theanine monograph & interactionsSensoril Withania somnifera extract
Interacts with1,372 drugs
Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evid...
Sensoril Withania somnifera extract monograph & interactionsPassion Flower (Passiflora incarnata) extract
Interacts with836 drugs
Passion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restless...
Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata) extract monograph & interactionsHoly Basil (Ocimum sanctum) extract
Interacts with212 drugs
Holy basil (tulsi) is a traditional Ayurvedic herb most often used today for stress and general wellness, but the human evidence is mostly small and p...
Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum) extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, Rice Flour, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Zenergy by Purity Products Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Zenergy by Purity Products contains four active ingredients, each with documented interactions with medications.
The most serious concern is with ashwagandha and hepatotoxic drugs (Moderate severity) — ashwagandha has been linked to acute hepatitis, liver failure, and in rare cases, death from liver failure.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
The product interacts with multiple drug types across Moderate and Minor severity levels. Both theanine and ashwagandha can lower blood pressure and may potentiate antihypertensive drugs (Moderate).
Three ingredients — theanine, ashwagandha, and passion flower — all interact with CNS depressants like sedatives and barbiturates (Moderate for ashwagandha and passion flower; Minor for theanine), potentially increasing drowsiness and sedation. Ashwagandha also interacts with benzodiazepines (Moderate) and antidiabetes drugs (Moderate), raising the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
Additionally, ashwagandha may interfere with immunosuppressants (Moderate) and thyroid hormone (Moderate), and holy basil interacts with blood thinners (anticoagulants/antiplatelets) and antidiabetes drugs (both Moderate), plus the barbiturate pentobarbital (Moderate). Passion flower and ashwagandha have minor interactions with certain enzyme substrates.
Theanine appears generally well tolerated in available data. Check your exact medications with the search tool on this page before starting.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Zenergy?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Zenergy interact with 1,436 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 4 ingredients in Zenergy interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sensoril Withania somnifera extract Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata) extract Suntheanine L-Theanine Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum) extract
6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Zenergy — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Immunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with Zenergy — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with Zenergy — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Zenergy — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Holy Basil (ocimum Sanctum) ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Holy Basil (ocimum Sanctum) Extract + Abciximab interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Zenergy — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Abiraterone interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Zenergy — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Zenergy — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Abrocitinib interactionHoly Basil (ocimum Sanctum) ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Holy Basil (ocimum Sanctum) Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Zenergy — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acarbose interactionHoly Basil (ocimum Sanctum) ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, holy basil might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Holy Basil (ocimum Sanctum) Extract + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Zenergy — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Suntheanine L-theanineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theanine might lower blood pressure, potentiating the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acebutolol interactionSensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Zenergy — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Holy Basil (ocimum Sanctum) ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Holy Basil (ocimum Sanctum) Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acepromazine interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acepromazine interactionSuntheanine L-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acepromazine interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Zenergy — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Zenergy — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionHoly Basil (ocimum Sanctum) ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Holy Basil (ocimum Sanctum) Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Holy Basil (ocimum Sanctum) ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Holy Basil (ocimum Sanctum) Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Zenergy — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Zenergy — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Zenergy — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSuntheanine L-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionSuntheanine L-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionSensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionSuntheanine L-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionSuntheanine L-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSuntheanine L-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionSuntheanine L-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionSensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionSuntheanine L-theanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with Zenergy — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Zenergy — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Serotonergic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionSuntheanine L-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs +3 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionSuntheanine L-theanineCns Depressants, Serotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Serotonergic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionSuntheanine L-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with Zenergy — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sensoril Withania Somnifera ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Sensoril Withania Somnifera Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionPassion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower (passiflora Incarnata) Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionSuntheanine L-theanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full Suntheanine L-theanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Zenergy with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Sensoril Withania somnifera extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
There is preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that ashwagandha might lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that ashwagandha might lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.
Benzodiazepines
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
There is preliminary evidence that ashwagandha might have an additive effect with diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin). This may also occur with other benzodiazepines.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Ashwagandha seems to have sedative effects. Theoretically, this may potentiate the effects of barbiturates, other sedatives, and anxiolytics.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Ashwagandha has been linked to cases of acute hepatitis, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, autoimmune hepatitis, the need for liver transplantation, and death due to liver failure.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Ashwagandha has demonstrated immunostimulant effects in humans. Animal research has shown that ashwagandha can attenuate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide.
Thyroid Hormone
Ashwagandha might increase the effects and adverse effects of thyroid hormone.
Concomitant use of ashwagandha with thyroid hormones may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects. Preliminary clinical research and animal studies suggest that ashwagandha boosts thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. In one clinical study, ashwagandha increased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels by 41.5% and 19.6%, respectively, and reduced serum TSH levels by 17.4% from baseline in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP3A4 enzymes.
Serotonergic Drugs
Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors. However, there is no evidence to suggest that ashwagandha increases the risk of serotonin-related effects, and there have been no published case reports of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Nevertheless, due to the lack of extensive studies on the matter and the fact that ashwagandha appears to affect serotonergic pathways, it would be prudent to exercise caution when combining it with drugs that affect serotonin. [References: - Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwaga ndha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021 Sep 14; 19: 1468–1495. - A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573577/]
Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata) extract
Cns Depressants
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Research in animals and humans shows that passion flower has sedative effects which can be additive when used with sedative medications like lorazepam.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that passion flower can induce CYP3A4 enzymes, albeit to a much lower degree than rifampin, a known CYP3A4 inducer.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the passion flower constituents apigenin and vitexin inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. This inhibition may be dose-dependent. One specific high-flavonoid passion flower extract (Valverde) seems to inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, while another extract with a lower flavonoid concentration (Arkocaps) shows less potent inhibition. OATPs are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body; however, the specific activities of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 are not well characterized.
Suntheanine L-Theanine
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theanine might lower blood pressure, potentiating the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research shows that theanine can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive animals. Theoretically, concomitant use of theanine and antihypertensive drugs might potentiate the antihypertensive activity.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants. However, it is unclear if this concern is clinically relevant.
Theoretically, theanine may compete with glutamate and/or increase plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, which could cause CNS depression. In one clinical study, some subjects taking oral theanine reported drowsiness.
Serotonergic Drugs
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting. Some studies suggest it can increase serotonin levels in the brain while others report that it may decrease them. Nevertheless, there have been no reports of l-theanine being a causative agent in serotonergic-related side effects or serotonin syndrome.
Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum) extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal research shows that holy basil seed oil can prolong bleeding time, possibly due to inhibition of platelet aggregation. However, it is not known if this occurs in humans.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, holy basil might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Small clinical studies show that taking holy basil can decrease fasting blood glucose and other measures of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that holy basil seed oil increases pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time. However, it is not known if this occurs in humans or if this applies to other barbiturates or sedatives.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Zenergy, from the product label.
Zenergy by Purity Products: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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The Full Monographs Behind Zenergy’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Theanine
Interacts with 565 drugsTheanine (usually L-theanine) is an amino acid found naturally in tea leaves that many people take to feel calmer and less stressed without strong drowsiness. Early research suggests it may...
Read the full Theanine monograph → Herb & supplement monographAshwagandha
Interacts with 1,372 drugsAshwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evidence is still limited. It is generally w...
Read the full Ashwagandha monograph → Herb & supplement monographPassion Flower
Interacts with 836 drugsPassion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restlessness, but the evidence is limited and mo...
Read the full Passion Flower monograph → Herb & supplement monographHoly Basil
Interacts with 212 drugsHoly basil (tulsi) is a traditional Ayurvedic herb most often used today for stress and general wellness, but the human evidence is mostly small and preliminary. It is generally well tolerat...
Read the full Holy Basil monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Zenergy's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 65 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Theanine 6 references
- Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M. Hypotensive effect of gamma-glutamylethylamide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1998;62:1065-8.
- Haskell, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Milne, A. L., Wesnes, K. A., and Scholey, A. B. The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biol.Psychol. 2008;77(2):113-122. PubMed
- Yokogoshi, H., Kato, Y., Sagesaka, Y. M., Takihara-Matsuura, T., Kakuda, T., and Takeuchi, N. Reduction effect of theanine on blood pressure and brain 5-hydroxyindoles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 1995;59(4):615-618. PubMed
- Lyon MR, Kapoor MP, Juneja LR. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(4):348-
- Hidese S, Ota M, Wakabayashi C, et al. Effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2017;29(2):72-9.
- Tsuchiya T, Honda H, Oikawa M, et al. Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2016;21(6):1085-90. PubMed
Ashwagandha 32 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Upton R, ed. Ashwagandha Root (Withania somnifera): Analytical, quality control, and therapuetic monograph. Santa Cruz, CA: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia 2000:1-25.
- Davis L, Kuttan G. Effect of Withania somnifera on cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity. Cancer Lett 2000;148:9-17. PubMed
- Davis L, Kuttan G. Suppressive effect of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity by Withania somnifera extract in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;62:209-14. PubMed
- Mishra LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern Med Rev 2000;5:334-46. DOI
- Andallu B, Radhika B. Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effect of winter cherry (Withania somnifera, Dunal) root. Indian J Exp Biol 2000;38:607-9.
- Kulkarni RR, Patki PS, Jog VP, et al. Treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;33:91-5. PubMed
- Ahumada F, Aspee F, Wikman G, Hancke J. Withania somnifera exract. Its effects on arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized dogs. Phytother Res 1991;5:111-14.
- Panda S, Kar A. Withania somnifera and Bauhinia purpurea in the regulation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in female mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;67:233-39. PubMed
- Panda S, Kar A. Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations after administration of ashwagandha root extract to adult male mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998;50:1065-68. PubMed
- Sehgal, V. N., Verma, P., and Bhattacharya, S. N. Fixed-drug eruption caused by ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): a widely used Ayurvedic drug. Skinmed. 2012;10(1):48-49.
- Agnihotri AP, Sontakke SD, Thawani VR, Saoji A, Goswami VS. Effects of Withania somnifera in patients of schizophrenia: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled pilot trial study. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013;45(4):417-8. PubMed
- Biswal BM, Sulaiman SA, Ismail HC, Zakaria H, Musa KI. Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on the development of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Integr Cancer Ther. 2013;12(4):312-22.
- Sharma AK, Basu I, Singh S. Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha root extract in subclinical hypothyroid patients: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Mar;24(3):243-248. PubMed
- Durg S, Bavage S, Shivaram SB. Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng) in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of scientific evidence from experimental research to clinical application. Phytother Res. 2020;34(5):1041-1059.
- Björnsson HK, Björnsson ES, Avula B, et al. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury: A case series from Iceland and the US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Liver Int. 2020;40(4):825-829. PubMed
- Tharakan A, Shukla H, Benny IR, Tharakan M, George L, Koshy S. Immunomodulatory Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Extract-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial with an Open Label Extension on Healthy Participants. J Clin Med 2021;1 PubMed
- Ireland PJ, Hardy T, Burt AD, Donnelly MC. Drug-induced hepatocellular injury due to herbal supplement ashwagandha. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2021;51(4):363-365. PubMed
- Kamal HI, Patel K, Brdak A, Heffernan J, Ahmad N. Ashwagandha as a unique cause of thyrotoxicosis presenting with supraventricular tachycardia. Cureus. 2022 Mar 25;14(3):e23494. PubMed
- Suryawanshi G, Abdallah M, Thomson M, Desai N, Chauhan A, Lim N. Ashwagandha-Associated Acute Liver Failure Requiring Liver Transplantation. Am J Ther 2023;30(1):e80-e83. PubMed
- Pusec CM, Wolsky R, Llerena C, Sura P. A Case of Supplement-Induced Hepatitis. Cureus 2022;14(10):e30433. PubMed
- Ajgaonkar A, Jain M, Debnath K. Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract for Improvement of Sexual Health in Healthy Women: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Cureus 2022;14(10):e30787. PubMed
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Lubarska M, Halasinski P, Hryhorowicz S, et al. Liver Dangers of Herbal Products: A Case Report of Ashwagandha-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023;20(5):3921. PubMed
- Tóth M, Benedek AE, Longerich T, Seitz HK. Ashwagandha-induced acute liver injury: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023;11(3):e7078.
- Bokan G, Glamocanin T, Mavija Z, et al. Herb-Induced Liver Injury by Ayurvedic Ashwagandha as Assessed for Causality by the Updated RUCAM: An Emerging Cause. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(8):1129. PubMed
- Patel PA, Sanborn E, Then R, Williams DM. Recurrent Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases. Cureus 2023;15(8):e42992. PubMed
- Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Murali A, Vishwanathan DT, Mamidala RV, Mundkur L. A Standardized Withania somniferra (Linn.) Root Extract with Piperine Alleviates the Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression by Increasing Serotonin Levels: A Double-Blind, Randomize
- Philips CA, Valsan A, Theruvath AH, et al. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury-A case series from India and literature review. Hepatol Commun 2023;7(10):e0270. PubMed
- Hayashi M, Hamada H, Azuma SI, Hayashi K. Painless Thyroiditis by Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). Cureus 2024;16(3):e55352. PubMed
- Vazirani S, Kothari A, Fujimoto J, Gomez M. Supplements Are Not a Synonym for Safe: Suspected Liver Injury From Ashwagandha. Fed Pract 2023;40(9):315-319. PubMed
- Patel M, Newell R, Hillier M, Ramalingam R. Herbal remedies as a potential cause of hypoadrenalism. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2024;85(6):1-4. PubMed
Passion Flower 19 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Fisher AA, Purcell P, Le Couteur DG. Toxicity of Passiflora incarnata L. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000;38:63-6.
- Akhondzadeh S, Naghavi HR, Shayeganpour A, et al. Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. J Clin Pharm Ther 2001;26:363-7. PubMed
- Farnsworth N, Bingel A, Cordell G, et al. Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents I. J Pharm Sci 1975;64:535-98. DOI
- Mori A, Hasegawa K, Murasaki M, et al. Clinical evaluation of Passiflamin (passiflora extract) on neurosis - multicenter double blind study in comparison with mexazolam. Rinsho Hyoka (Clinical Evaluation) 1993;21:383-440.
- Miyasaka LS, Atallah AN, Soares BG. Passiflora for anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(1):CD004518. DOI
- Speroni E., Minghetti A. Neuropharmacological activity of extracts from Passiflora incarnata. Planta Med. 1988;54:488-91.
- Capasso A., Sorrentino L. Pharmacological studies on the sedative and hypnotic effect of Kava kava and Passiflora extracts combination. Phytomedicine. 2005;12:39-45. PubMed
- Carrasco MC, Vallejo JR, Pardo-de-Santayana M, et al. Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a patient treated with lorazepam. Phytother Res. 2009 Dec;23:1795-6.
- Smith, G. W., Chalmers, T. M., and Nuki, G. Vasculitis associated with herbal preparation containing Passiflora extract. Br J Rheumatol. 1993;32(1):87-88.
- Soulimani, R., Younos, C., Jarmouni, S., Bousta, D., Misslin, R., and Mortier, F. Behavioural effects of Passiflora incarnata L. and its indole alkaloid and flavonoid derivatives and maltol in the mouse. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;57(1):11-20. PubMed
- Nojoumi M, Ghaeli P, Salimi S, Sharifi A, Raisi F. Effects of Passion Flower Extract, as an Add-On Treatment to Sertraline, on Reaction Time in Patients ?with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2016;1
- Rokhtabnak F, Ghodraty MR, Kholdebarin A, et al. Comparing the Effect of Preoperative Administration of Melatonin and Passiflora incarnata on Postoperative Cognitive Disorders in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery. Anesth Pain Med. 2016;7(1):e4123 PubMed
- Dantas LP, de Oliveira-Ribeiro A, de Almeida-Souza LM, Groppo FC. Effects of passiflora incarnata and midazolam for control of anxiety in patients undergoing dental extraction. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(1):e95-e101. PubMed
- Ozturk Z, Kalayci CC. Pregnancy outcomes in psychiatric patients treated with passiflora incarnata. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Feb;36:30-32. PubMed
- da Cunha RS, Amorim KS, Gercina AC, et al. Herbal medicines as anxiolytics prior to third molar surgical extraction. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2020. PubMed
- Schäfer AM, Gilgen PM, Spirgi C, et al. Constituents of Passiflora incarnata, but Not of Valeriana officinalis, Interact with the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP)2B1 and OATP1A2. Planta Med. 2021. PubMed
- Mazzari ALDA, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, et al. In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:826395. PubMed
Holy Basil 8 references
- Agrawal P, Rai V, Singh RB. Randomized placebo-controlled, single blind trial of holy basil leaves in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;34:406-9.
- Sakina MR, Dandiya PC, Hamdard ME, Hameed A. Preliminary psychopharmacological evaluation of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract. J Ethnopharmacol 1990;28:143-50. PubMed
- Singh S, Rehan HM, Majumdar DK. Effect of Ocimum sanctum fixed oil on blood pressure, blood clotting time and pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;78:139-43. PubMed
- Mondal, S., Varma, S., Bamola, V. D., Naik, S. N., Mirdha, B. R., Padhi, M. M., Mehta, N., and Mahapatra, S. C. Double-blinded randomized controlled trial for immunomodulatory effects of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) leaf extract on healthy volunteers. J PubMed
- Agarwal, P. and Nagesh, L. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of 0.2% Chlorhexidine, Listerine and Tulsi extract mouth rinses on salivary Streptococcus mutans count of high school children--RCT. Contemp.Clin Trials 2011;32(6):802-808. PubMed
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