Drug & supplement interaction

Ashwagandha + Ritonavir

Ritonavir brand name: Norvir.

Moderate Interaction
Medically reviewed by · Updated September 2026
The bottom line Moderate

Ritonavir falls into 2 drug categories that Ashwagandha can interact with; the most serious is rated moderate. Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.

Read the full interaction report
SeverityModerate
LikelihoodPossible
Interactions2
EvidenceD
What do Severity, Likelihood & Evidence mean?
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Interaction report

Ashwagandha and Ritonavir

These two interact in 2 distinct ways. Each one is explained separately below.

Why Are There 2 Interactions?

Ashwagandha interacts with whole categories of medication. Ritonavir falls into 2 of those categories, so it can interact with Ashwagandha in 2 different ways. We’ve listed each one below — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them (Moderate).

Moderate

HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS

1 of 2

Why this applies to Ritonavir

Ritonavir falls under HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS — the group Ashwagandha interacts with.

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Ashwagandha has been linked to cases of acute hepatitis, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, autoimmune hepatitis, the need for liver transplantation, and death due to liver failure.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the concern with pairing ashwagandha and ritonavir (Norvir): both can be hard on the liver. Ritonavir, like other HIV protease inhibitors, sometimes raises liver enzymes or causes liver inflammation. Ashwagandha has been tied to rare but serious liver problems in some reports. Stacking two things that stress the liver may, in theory, add up to a higher risk.

To be fair, this is a theoretical concern based on how these two behave, not on solid studies showing they cause trouble together, so I don't want to alarm you. Still, watch for warning signs like yellowing skin or eyes, dark urine, belly pain, nausea, or unusual tiredness. Please check with your pharmacist or doctor before adding ashwagandha, and don't change your ritonavir on your own.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Björnsson HK, Björnsson ES, Avula B, et al. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury: A case series from Iceland and the US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Liver Int. 2020;40(4):825-829. PubMed
  2. Ireland PJ, Hardy T, Burt AD, Donnelly MC. Drug-induced hepatocellular injury due to herbal supplement ashwagandha. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2021;51(4):363-365. PubMed
  3. Suryawanshi G, Abdallah M, Thomson M, Desai N, Chauhan A, Lim N. Ashwagandha-Associated Acute Liver Failure Requiring Liver Transplantation. Am J Ther 2023;30(1):e80-e83. PubMed
  4. Pusec CM, Wolsky R, Llerena C, Sura P. A Case of Supplement-Induced Hepatitis. Cureus 2022;14(10):e30433. PubMed
  5. Lubarska M, Halasinski P, Hryhorowicz S, et al. Liver Dangers of Herbal Products: A Case Report of Ashwagandha-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023;20(5):3921. PubMed
  6. Tóth M, Benedek AE, Longerich T, Seitz HK. Ashwagandha-induced acute liver injury: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023;11(3):e7078.
  7. Bokan G, Glamocanin T, Mavija Z, et al. Herb-Induced Liver Injury by Ayurvedic Ashwagandha as Assessed for Causality by the Updated RUCAM: An Emerging Cause. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(8):1129. PubMed
  8. Philips CA, Valsan A, Theruvath AH, et al. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury-A case series from India and literature review. Hepatol Commun 2023;7(10):e0270. PubMed
Minor

CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) SUBSTRATES

2 of 2

Ritonavir also falls under CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) SUBSTRATES.

Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP3A4 enzymes.
Severity Minor Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the gist for ritonavir (Norvir). Lab studies hint that ashwagandha may speed up an enzyme called CYP3A4, which is one of the routes your body uses to break down ritonavir. If that happened in real life, it could nudge ritonavir levels down a little, which in theory might make it work less well at keeping HIV under control. Interestingly, ritonavir itself is a strong blocker of that same enzyme, so it may not be very sensitive to a mild herbal nudge.

The big picture: this is a theoretical, lab-only concern, rated minor, so it's not cause for alarm. Still, HIV therapy is something you don't want to gamble with, so please check with your pharmacist or doctor before adding ashwagandha.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed

What These Ratings Mean

Every interaction above is graded three ways — here’s the key to each label.

Severity how clinically significant the interaction is
Major

Clinically significant. Avoid the combination, or use only under close professional supervision.

Moderate

Usually worth avoiding or managing — may need monitoring, a dose change, or timing apart.

Minor

Generally not serious. Be aware of it and mention it to your pharmacist.

Likelihood how strong the evidence is that the interaction actually happens in people
  • LikelyWell-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction.
  • ProbableInteraction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • PossibleInteraction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.
  • UnlikelyInteraction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Evidence the quality of the studies behind the rating (graded A–D)
  • AHigh-quality meta-analysis (quantitative systematic review).
  • BCase-control study.
  • CConsensus.
  • DAnecdotal evidence.

These ratings are for information only. Never start, stop, or otherwise change your therapy before speaking with your provider.

Keep it in perspective

Ashwagandha Also Interacts With Other Medications

Ashwagandha has 915 moderate, 456 minor known drug interactions in our database — the Ritonavir one above is among them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Moderate 915 Minor 456 No known interaction 1,459 (incl. Ritonavir)
Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against Ashwagandha

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against Ashwagandha. Pick one to open its full report.

From our Q&A

Questions About Ashwagandha or Ritonavir

These are real questions from readers, answered by the pharmacists at HelloPharmacist — written by a person, not generated from a database. Each one covers Ashwagandha or Ritonavir, not necessarily both, but if one is close to what you were about to ask it will usually go further than a database entry can:

Not quite your question? Ask our pharmacists directly — it is free, there is no account required, and answers usually come back within 24 hours.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Ritonavir

This page covers Ashwagandha only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Ritonavir page lists 178 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: Activated Charcoal (major), Beer (major), Grapefruit (major), Siberian Cocklebur (major) and St. John's Wort (major).

By severity: 6 major · 136 moderate · 36 minor.

From our pharmacist’s overview on the Ritonavir page

“If you take ritonavir (Norvir), slow down before adding any supplement from this page. Six of the 178 ingredients here carry a major rating, and St.”

Reviewed by 2 · Jul 18, 2026

Open the Ritonavir interaction page

One more smart check

Taking Ashwagandha as Part of a Dietary Supplement Product? Check It for Interactions

We hold 4,964 real supplement products containing Ashwagandha, each one broken down to its full ingredient list — and combination products often carry several ingredients besides Ashwagandha. Your product may carry other ingredients that interact with Ritonavir too, on top of Ashwagandha — and those would not show on this page. Find your product and we’ll check every ingredient on its label:

How much people look this up

Where Ashwagandha and Ritonavir Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement Ashwagandha
Top 5%

#30 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today
Medication Ritonavir
Steady interest

#2,783 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Supplement

About Ashwagandha

What is Ashwagandha?

Ashwagandha
  • Stress and anxiety
  • Sleep problems
  • Fatigue and low energy
  • Athletic performance
  • General well-being (adaptogen)

Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evidence is still limited. It is generally well tolerated for short-term use in healthy adults, but it should be avoided in pregnancy and used cautiously by people with thyroid or liver problems. Talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting it.

Read the full Ashwagandha monograph & all interactions
Medication

About Ritonavir

What Is Ritonavir Used For?

Brand name: Norvir

Ritonavir (brand name Norvir) is used together with other HIV medicines to treat HIV-1 infection in adults and children older than one month of age. It is always taken as part of a combination regimen — never on its own.

Norvir oral powder is specifically indicated for pediatric patients with HIV-1 infection. Norvir tablets and oral solution are indicated for both adults and pediatric patients with HIV-1 infection. Ritonavir tablets (generic) are also indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents.

See full Ritonavir drug information
Keep checking

Other Drugs & Ashwagandha

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against Ashwagandha — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major
915Moderate
456Minor
1,458No known interaction
915 Moderate 456 Minor 1,458 No interaction
Moderate

915 interactions

Showing 60 of 915 moderate interactions — see all 915 on the Ashwagandha page.

Minor

456 interactions

Showing 60 of 456 minor interactions — see all 456 on the Ashwagandha page.

No interaction 1,458 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked Ashwagandha against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 1,458 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full Ashwagandha list.

See the full Ashwagandha interactions page
See every supplement checked against Ritonavir, ranked by severity
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Interaction details are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database. The medication overview comes from MedlinePlus.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Ashwagandha monograph › Uses, safety, and every drug interaction in one place Ritonavir supplement interactions › Every supplement checked against Ritonavir, ranked by severity Ritonavir drug information › The full plain-English guide to this medication Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking Ashwagandha and Ritonavir Together: Common Questions

Can you take Ashwagandha with Ritonavir?
There is a moderate interaction, so it may be acceptable with monitoring or timing changes — but check with your pharmacist first. Read the full details on this page and confirm with your pharmacist before combining them.
Why are there 2 interactions listed for Ashwagandha and Ritonavir?
Ritonavir belongs to more than one drug category, and Ashwagandha interacts with each of those categories a little differently. We list every one so nothing is missed — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them.
How serious is the Ashwagandha and Ritonavir interaction?
We rate it Moderate. This combination may require monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one. Consult your pharmacist before using them together.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Still Have a Question About Ritonavir and Ashwagandha?

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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.