Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Brain XL Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by InnovaPharm Essentials

Brain XL label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Brain XL against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Brain XL is a dietary supplement by InnovaPharm Essentials with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for fatigue and low energy, male fertility and testosterone support, general vitality and aging.Based on those ingredients, 999 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Bacopa monnieri, Toothed Clubmoss Extract, Shilajit Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Brain XL by InnovaPharm Essentials

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Brain XL by InnovaPharm Essentials — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Brain XL by InnovaPharm Essentials

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 16, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 6 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Brain XL contains 6 active ingredients: Shilajit Extract, L-Alpha Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline (alpha-GPC), Bacopa monnieri, Toothed Clubmoss Extract, plus two proprietary ingredients called Intellectus and NeuroGF that we don't have detailed data on. These are blended into vegetable capsules with magnesium stearate as an inactive ingredient.

The named ingredients are all botanical or natural compounds traditionally used to support brain function and memory. Shilajit is a mineral-rich resin; alpha-GPC is a choline compound; Bacopa and Toothed Clubmoss are plant extracts used in cognitive support formulas.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: memory and cognitive support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Alzheimer disease, Cognitive function, Cognitive impairment, Vascular dementia, Age-related memory loss, ADHD.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Alpha-gpc is rated "Possibly Effective" for Alzheimer disease (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Bacopa is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Alzheimer disease, Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Cognitive function, Cognitive impairment.
  • Also on file: Alpha-gpc is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cognitive function, Vascular dementia.

The evidence base for most ingredients in this product is limited. Alpha-GPC is rated Possibly Effective for Alzheimer disease, making it the only ingredient with a positive effectiveness rating in our data.

For Shilajit, Bacopa monnieri, and Toothed Clubmoss Extract, the evidence for cognitive support and other conditions is rated Insufficient Reliable Evidence — meaning the studies we hold don't establish that they work. We have no effectiveness ratings for Intellectus or NeuroGF.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Shilajit Alpha-gpc Bacopa Toothed Clubmoss

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most of these ingredients are generally well tolerated in studies, though long-term safety data are limited. Bacopa and Toothed Clubmoss can cause gastrointestinal side effects — nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and dry mouth are most common; rates of GI problems with Bacopa have ranged from 12% to 30% in studies.

Bacopa may also cause headache, drowsiness, or insomnia. Shilajit should be purified and tested only — unpurified products can contain heavy metals and contaminants.

Shilajit is best avoided in pregnancy because of contamination risk and insufficient safety data. Bacopa and Toothed Clubmoss also lack sufficient safety information for pregnancy and should be avoided.

Alpha-GPC similarly has not been adequately studied in pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you if you are pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Shilajit Alpha-gpc Bacopa Toothed Clubmoss

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Toothed Clubmoss, Bacopa, Alpha-gpc, Shilajit.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,000 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Brain XL, you should check these medication types with your own doctor or pharmacist: drugs metabolized by liver enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 (a very broad category including many heart, blood pressure, and cholesterol medications); cholinergic drugs and anticholinergic drugs (which would have opposing effects with this product); antidiabetes drugs (which could have enhanced glucose-lowering effects); and scopolamine patches (Transderm Scop). If any of these apply to you, run them through the medication checker below before you start.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Brain XL is a multi-ingredient cognitive supplement, but most of its ingredients lack strong evidence of effectiveness — only alpha-GPC is rated Possibly Effective for Alzheimer disease. It carries Moderate-severity interaction risks, especially with liver enzyme substrates, cholinergic drugs, anticholinergic drugs, and antidiabetes medications, plus Minor-severity risk with scopolamine.

It's not suitable in pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Before you start, check your exact medications with your doctor or pharmacist using the search tool on this page.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 22, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Brain XL, straight from the product label.

Brand InnovaPharm Essentials
Barcode (UPC) 195893023264
Net contents 60 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Nov 22, 2023
DSLD ID 299146
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Brain XL by InnovaPharm Essentials, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
195893023264
IngredientAmount% DV
Shilajit Extract100 mg--
L-Alpha Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline600 mg--
Intellectus400 mg--
Bacopa monnieri300 mg--
Toothed Clubmoss Extract15 mg--
NeuroGF2.5 mg--

Other ingredients: Vegetable Capsule, Magnesium Stearate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

InnovaPharm Essentials Your health is essential

Intellectus is a trademark of Gold Standard Botanicals

Formulation

Non-GMO + Gluten free

Allergen Information: Not manufactured with wheat , gluten, soy, fish, shellfish, egg, milk or tree nut ingredients.

Next-Gen Nootropic

Daily "In the zone" focus Promotes long term brain health Aids healthy mood & stress levels

Precautions

Warning: This product is only to be consumed by healthy adults, 18 years of age or older.

If you are pregnant, breast feeding, have known medical conditions (including but not limited to: kidney, liver or heart disease) or are taking prescription or OTC medication(s), consult with your health practitioner before using this product.

Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

Keep out of reach of children.

Allergen Information: Not manufactured with wheat , gluten, soy, fish, shellfish, egg, milk or tree nut ingredients. Produced in a GMP facility that processes other ingredients containing these allergens.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

Manufactured in a U.S. GMP Facility

Formula

Includes: Intellectus

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

2 capsules daily with meal Suggested use: Take 2 capsules daily, preferably with a light meal.

General Statements

Instagram Facebook Follow us: @InnovaPharm

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Brain XL by InnovaPharm Essentials label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Brain XL label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Brain XL by InnovaPharm Essentials

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Shilajit Extract

Interacts with
86 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Fulvic Acid

Shilajit is a sticky, tar-like substance found in rocks of mountain ranges like the Himalayas, used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for energy and v...

Shilajit Extract monograph & interactions

L-Alpha Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline

Interacts with
16 drugs
600 mg per serving

Alpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition...

L-Alpha Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline monograph & interactions

Intellectus

400 mg per serving Form: Celastrus paniculatus Seed Oil Extract

Bacopa monnieri

Interacts with
930 drugs
300 mg per serving Form: Bacosides

Bacopa is an Ayurvedic herb most often used for memory and thinking. Some small studies suggest it may modestly help memory when taken regularly for s...

Bacopa monnieri monograph & interactions

Toothed Clubmoss Extract

Interacts with
219 drugs
15 mg per serving Form: Huperzine A

Toothed Clubmoss is a moss-like plant best known as the natural source of huperzine A, a compound studied mainly for memory and Alzheimer's disease. S...

Toothed Clubmoss Extract monograph & interactions

NeuroGF

2.5 mg per serving Form: Embryonic Oligopeptides

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Capsule, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Brain XL by InnovaPharm Essentials Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Brain XL?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
999Drugs
986 Moderate 13 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Bacopa monnieri 930
Toothed Clubmoss Extract 219
Shilajit Extract 86
L-Alpha Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline 16

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Brain XL interact with 999 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 6 ingredients in Brain XL interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Bacopa monnieri Toothed Clubmoss Extract Shilajit Extract L-Alpha Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Brain XL with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Bacopa monnieri8 drug types · 930 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels, which could counteract the effects of anticholinergic drugs. Similarly, anticholinergic drugs might counteract the cholinergic effects of bacopa.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cevimeline (Evoxac)

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the effects and adverse effects of cevimeline.
In one case, a 58-year-old female taking cevimeline long-term for Sjogren syndrome experienced hyperhidrosis, malaise, nausea, and tachycardia shortly after taking a single dose of bacopa. Symptoms resolved after two days. Cevimeline is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4, and researchers theorize that bacopa may have inhibited these isoenzymes. However, it is unclear if bacopa causes clinically significant inhibition of either CYP2D6 or CYP3A4.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of bacopa with other cholinergic drugs might have additive effects.
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels. Theoretically, this could result in additive cholinergic effects when used with cholinergic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Research on the effects of bacopa extracts on CYP1A2 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence shows that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP1A2, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes. It is not known whether this is clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Research on the effect of bacopa extracts on CYP2C9 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP2C9, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Research on the effects of bacopa extracts on CYP3A4 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and competitively inhibit CYP3A4, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, bacopa might have additive effects when used with thyroid hormone.
Animal research suggests that bacopa increases thyroxine (T4) levels in mice by about 40%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bacopa monnieri full monograph & interactions

Toothed Clubmoss Extract2 drug types · 219 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

In animal models, toothed clubmoss and huperzine A, an active constituent of toothed clubmoss, reversed cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine. Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and toothed clubmoss might decrease the effectiveness of toothed clubmoss or the anticholinergic drug.
Some anticholinergic drugs include atropine, benztropine (Cogentin), biperiden (Akineton), procyclidine (Kemadrin), and trihexyphenidyl (Artane).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Huperzine A, a constituent of toothed clubmoss, has demonstrated acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. Theoretically, concurrent use of toothed clubmoss with cholinergic drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of cholinergic side effects.
Cholinergic drugs include bethanechol (Urecholine), donepezil (Aricept), echothiophate (Phospholine Iodide), edrophonium (Enlon, Reversol, Tensilon), neostigmine (Prostigmin), physostigmine (Antilirium), pyridostigmine (Mestinon, Regonol), succinylcholine (Anectine, Quelicin), and tacrine (Cognex).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Toothed Clubmoss Extract full monograph & interactions

Shilajit Extract1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Taking shilajit with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Most human and animal research shows that shilajit can decrease fasting plasma glucose levels. In an animal model, shilajit 100 mg per kg daily enhanced the glucose-lowering ability of both glibenclamide and metformin when given in combination over a 4 week period. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Shilajit Extract full monograph & interactions

L-Alpha Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline1 drug type · 16 drugs

Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)

Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
A small clinical study shows that alpha-GPC can partially counteract the attention and memory impairment effects caused by scopolamine given intramuscularly. Whether alpha-GPC can decrease the beneficial anti-motion sickness effects of the scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
L-Alpha Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Brain XL, from the product label.

InnovaPharm Essentials

See all InnovaPharm Essentials products
Name
InnovaPharm
Street Address
53 E Merrick Rd. #215
City
Freeport
State
NY
ZipCode
11520
Web Address
InnovaPharm.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Brain XL by InnovaPharm Essentials: Common Questions

Does Brain XL by InnovaPharm Essentials interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Brain XL has a known interaction with 999 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Brain XL contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What does alpha-GPC actually do?
Alpha-GPC is a choline compound that's rated Possibly Effective for Alzheimer disease in our data. For other cognitive conditions like general brain function or other memory problems, there isn't enough established evidence yet. It's generally well tolerated, though long-term safety isn't fully mapped out.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
No — Shilajit, Bacopa, and Toothed Clubmoss should all be avoided in pregnancy because there isn't enough safety data and Shilajit carries contamination risk. Alpha-GPC also lacks adequate pregnancy safety information. Talk with your doctor before taking any supplements while pregnant.
What side effects does Bacopa cause?
Bacopa is generally well tolerated, but stomach issues are the most common — about 12% to 30% of people report nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, or dry mouth. Less commonly, it can cause headache, drowsiness, insomnia, or vivid dreams.
Is this product safe if I take diabetes medication?
Shilajit in this product may enhance the glucose-lowering effect of antidiabetes drugs, raising your risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, especially if you take metformin, insulin, or other diabetes medications.
Do I need to worry about the Shilajit in here being contaminated?
Shilajit products can contain heavy metals or other contaminants if they're not purified and tested. InnovaPharm should be using a purified, tested version — but that's worth confirming on the label or with the company if you're concerned.
What about the Intellectus and NeuroGF — what are those?
We don't have interaction or detailed safety data on file for either of those proprietary ingredients. You could contact InnovaPharm Essentials directly for more information about what they are and how they work.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Brain XL label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Brain XL’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Shilajit

Interacts with 86 drugs

Shilajit is a sticky, tar-like substance found in rocks of mountain ranges like the Himalayas, used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for energy and vitality. Human evidence is limited and m...

Read the full Shilajit monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Alpha-gpc

Interacts with 16 drugs

Alpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition in people with dementia, but evidence i...

Read the full Alpha-gpc monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bacopa

Interacts with 930 drugs

Bacopa is an Ayurvedic herb most often used for memory and thinking. Some small studies suggest it may modestly help memory when taken regularly for several weeks, but the evidence is limite...

Read the full Bacopa monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Toothed Clubmoss

Interacts with 219 drugs

Toothed Clubmoss is a moss-like plant best known as the natural source of huperzine A, a compound studied mainly for memory and Alzheimer's disease. Some early research is promising, but the...

Read the full Toothed Clubmoss monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Brain XL's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 27 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Shilajit 8 references
  1. Sadeghi SMH, Hosseini Khameneh SM, Khodadoost M, et al. Efficacy of momiai in tibia fracture repair: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Altern Complement Med 2020;26(6):521-528.
  2. Losa F, Deidda M, Firinu D, Martino MLD, Barca MP, Giacco SD. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis with an Ayurvedic drug as cofactor: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019;7(5):623-627. PubMed
  3. Biswas TK, Pandit S, Mondal S, et al. Clinical evaluation of spermatogenic activity of processed Shilajit in oligospermia. Andrologia 2010;42(1):48-56. PubMed
  4. Stavropoulos K, Sotiriadis A, Patoulias D, et al. Pseudohyperaldosteronism due to mumijo consumption during pregnancy: a licorice-like syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018;34(12):1019-1021. PubMed
  5. Ghezelbash B, Shahrokhi N, Khaksari M, Ghaderi-Pakdel F, Asadikaram G. Hepatoprotective effects of shilajit on high fat-diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2020;41(1):/j/hmbci. PubMed
  6. Ghezelbash B, Shahrokhi N, Khaksari M, Asadikaram G, Shahrokhi M, Shirazpour S. Protective roles of shilajit in modulating resistin, adiponectin, and cytokines in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chin J Integr Med 2022;28(6):531-537. PubMed
  7. Jafari M, Forootanfar H, Ameri A, et al. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and hyperalgesia-suppressing activity of a native Shilajit obtained from Bahr Aseman mountains. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019;32(5):2167-2173. DOI
  8. Trivedi NA, Mazumdar B, Bhatt JD, Hemavathi KG. Effect of shilajit on blood glucose and lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Ind. J. Pharmacol. 2004; 36(6):373-376.

See these in context on the Shilajit monograph →

Alpha-gpc 4 references
  1. Di Perri R, Coppola G, Ambrosio LA, et al. A multicentre trial to the evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine versus cytosine diphosphocholine in patients with vascular dementia. J Int Med Res 1991;19:330-41.
  2. Barbagallo Sangiorgi G, Barbagallo M, Giordano M, et al. Alpha-glycerophosphocholine in the mental recovery of cerebral ischemic attacks: An Italian multicenter clinical trial. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;717:253-69. PubMed
  3. Canal N, Franceschi M, Alberoni M, et al. Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1991;29:103-7.
  4. Lee G, Choi S, Chang J, et al. Association of L-a glycerylphosphorylcholine with subsequent stroke risk after 10 Years. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4(11):e2136008.

See these in context on the Alpha-gpc monograph →

Bacopa 12 references
  1. Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, et al. The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology 2001;156:481-4..
  2. Yadav SK, Jain AK, Tripathi SN, Gupta JP. Irritable bowel syndrome: therapeutic evaluation of indigenous drugs. Indian J Med Res 1989;90:496-503..
  3. Morgan A, Stevens J. Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16:753-9.
  4. Kar, A., Panda, S., and Bharti, S. Relative efficacy of three medicinal plant extracts in the alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in male mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;81(2):281-285. PubMed
  5. Mukherjee, G. D. and Dey, C. D. Clinical trial on Brahmi. I. J.Exp.Med.Sci. 1966;10(1):5-11.
  6. Kar A, Pandit S, Mukherjee K, Bahadur S, Mukherjee PK. Safety assessment of selected medicinal food plants used in Ayurveda through CYP450 enzyme inhibition study. J Sci Food Agric 2017;97(1):333-40. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7739. PubMed
  7. Kongkeaw C, Dilokthornsakul P, Thanarangsarit P, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;151(1):528-35. PubMed
  8. Ramasamy S, Kiew LV, Chung LY. Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by Bacopa monnieri standardized extract and constituents. Molecules 2014;19(2):2588-601. PubMed
  9. Prabhakar S, Vishnu VY, Modi M, et al. Efficacy of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) and donepezil in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a randomized double-blind parallel phase 2b study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020;23(6):767-73. PubMed
  10. Acquarulo B, Tandon P, Macica CM. Suspected cholinergic toxicity due to cevimeline hydrochloride and Bacopa monnieri interaction: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022;16(1):253. PubMed
  11. Keegan AP, Stough C, Paris D, et al. Bacopa monnieri supplementation has no effect on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels but beneficially modulates nuclear factor kappa B and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein levels in healthy elderl
  12. Yaworski AM, Blyumin M, Chang T, Mammen AL, Greene M. Necrotizing myopathy with elevated anti-HMGCR antibodies following exposure to the supplement Bacopa. Muscle Nerve 2023;67(2):E1-E3.

See these in context on the Bacopa monograph →

Toothed Clubmoss 3 references
  1. Budavari S, ed. The Merck Index. 12th ed. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co., Inc., 1996.
  2. Zhang RW, Tang XC, Han YY, et al. [Drug evaluation of huperzine A in the treatment of senile memory disorders]. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao 1991;12:250-2.
  3. Ohba T, Yoshino Y, Ishisaka M, et al. Japanese Huperzia serrata extract and the constituent, huperzine A, ameliorate the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2015;79(11):1838-44.

See these in context on the Toothed Clubmoss monograph →

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