Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

CBD Synergies-AX Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Quicksilver Scientific

CBD Synergies-AX label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking CBD Synergies-AX against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

CBD Synergies-AX is a dietary supplement by Quicksilver Scientific with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for anxiety and stress, relaxation and calm, sleep support.Based on those ingredients, 1,126 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Broad Spectrum Hemp extract, L-Theanine, GABA. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against CBD Synergies-AX by Quicksilver Scientific

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with CBD Synergies-AX by Quicksilver Scientific — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of CBD Synergies-AX by Quicksilver Scientific

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 16, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (220 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Broad Spectrum Hemp extract” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (13 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This is a 6-ingredient liquid formula. The active ingredients are L-Theanine (an amino acid that supports relaxation), GABA (a brain chemical that promotes calm), 5-HTP (a precursor to serotonin, involved in mood), Cannabidiol (CBD, from hemp), Skullcap herb extract (traditionally used for nervous system support), and Broad Spectrum Hemp extract.

The remaining ingredients are inactive—water, glycerin, ethanol, phospholipids, vitamin E, citrus oils, medium-chain triglycerides, and natural flavoring—which serve as the liquid base and preserve the formula.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Calming and relaxation support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Anxiety, Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Stress, Insomnia, Panic disorder, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Anxiety (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Insomnia, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • Also on file: 5-htp is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Anxiety, Insomnia, Panic disorder.

L-Theanine is rated Possibly Effective for cognitive function; evidence for its use in age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, OCD, and cancer is insufficient to rate. GABA's effectiveness for anxiety, ADHD, athletic performance, cerebral palsy, and chronic bronchitis is not established in the data we hold.

5-HTP is rated Possibly Effective for depression and Possibly Ineffective for Down syndrome; evidence is insufficient for Alzheimer's disease, panic disorder, and cerebellar ataxia. Skullcap's evidence is insufficient for epilepsy, stress, stroke, spasticity, contact dermatitis, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

We hold no effectiveness data for Cannabidiol or Rose flower Oil.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Theanine Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) Skullcap 5-htp Hemp

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-Theanine is generally well tolerated short-term, but long-term safety is not well studied. Reported side effects include headaches, drowsiness, increased sleep duration, and increased dream activity.

GABA is often well tolerated short-term; most common side effects are drowsiness, gastric upset, minor throat burning, muscle weakness, and nausea—though long-term safety is unclear. 5-HTP is generally well tolerated short-term but can cause abdominal pain, dizziness, diarrhea, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, insomnia, nausea, and vomiting, usually dose-dependent; rare serious effects include aggression, hallucinations, and mania.

Skullcap has limited safety information; reported side effects are sedation, cognitive impairment, and digestive disturbances, particularly at higher doses. Regarding pregnancy and breastfeeding: L-Theanine, GABA, 5-HTP, and Skullcap all lack sufficient safety data—the facts advise against their use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

No pregnancy or breastfeeding data is on file for Cannabidiol or Rose flower Oil.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Theanine Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) Skullcap 5-htp Hemp

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba), 5-htp, Skullcap, Theanine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 569 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take serotonergic drugs (antidepressants, some pain or migraine medications)—5-HTP carries a Moderate risk of serotonin syndrome. Also check if you use blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), as L-Theanine and GABA may lower your blood pressure further.

Let them know if you take CNS depressants (sedatives, sleep aids, opioids) or carbidopa; 5-HTP, L-Theanine, GABA, and Skullcap may add to drowsiness or other effects.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

CBD Synergies-AX is designed for people seeking relaxation and cognitive support, combining amino acids, botanicals, and hemp extracts. If you take blood pressure medications, serotonergic drugs (antidepressants, certain pain or migraine medications), sleep aids, or carbidopa, you'll want to discuss this product with your doctor or pharmacist before starting—the interactions could affect how your medications work.

Pregnant or breastfeeding people should avoid it, given insufficient safety data.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 24, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about CBD Synergies-AX, straight from the product label.

Brand Quicksilver Scientific
Barcode (UPC) 644216045303
Net contents 1.7 fl. Oz.; 50 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 24, 2020
DSLD ID 222768
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for CBD Synergies-AX by Quicksilver Scientific, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 mL
Servings per container
25
UPC/BARCODE
644216045303
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend220 mg--
L-Theanine0 NP--
GABA0 NP--
5-HTP10 mg--
Cannabidiol10 mg--
liquid Skullcap herb extract0 NP--
Broad Spectrum Hemp extract13 mg--
Rose flower Oil0 NP--

Other ingredients: Water, Glycerin, Ethanol, Phospholipids, Vitamin E, natural Citrus Oils, Medium Chain Triglycerides, Natural flavoring

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Take 4 pumps and hold in mouth for 30 seconds before swallowing. Increase frequency of use if needed or as directed by healthcare professional. Take on an empty stomach at least 10 minutes before meals. May be stirred into a small amount of water.

Precautions

If pregnant consult a physician before use.

Formulation

Quicksilver Delivery Systems: Our nutraceuticals utilize modern science to unleash the power of nature. Our advanced phospholipid delivery systems nourish your cells as they deliver their core ingredients faster and more effectively than conventional supplement formats.

Calming formula

Immediate effect - superior delivery

THC free

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

Quicksilver Delivery Systems

General Statements

www.quicksilverscientific.com/cbd-certificates-of-analysis

Powering natural health

Tests clean

Formula

Nanoemulsified CBD blend

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

CBD Synergies-AX by Quicksilver Scientific label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

CBD Synergies-AX label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in CBD Synergies-AX by Quicksilver Scientific

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container25 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

220 mg per serving

5-HTP

Interacts with
398 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Griffonia simplicifolia

5-HTP is a compound your body uses to make serotonin, and people take it as a supplement hoping to improve mood, sleep, and headaches. Some early rese...

5-HTP monograph & interactions

Broad Spectrum Hemp extract

Interacts with
938 drugs
13 mg per serving

Hemp seeds and hemp seed oil are nutritious foods rich in protein, fiber, and healthy omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and they are generally safe for...

Broad Spectrum Hemp extract monograph & interactions
  • › Cannabidiol

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Glycerin, Ethanol, Phospholipids, Vitamin E, Natural Citrus Oils, Medium Chain Triglycerides, Natural flavoring. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

CBD Synergies-AX by Quicksilver Scientific Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against CBD Synergies-AX?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,126Drugs
610 Moderate 516 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Broad Spectrum Hemp extract 938
L-Theanine 565
GABA 419
5-HTP 398
liquid Skullcap herb extract 248

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in CBD Synergies-AX interact with 1,126 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 6 ingredients in CBD Synergies-AX interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Broad Spectrum Hemp extract L-Theanine GABA 5-HTP liquid Skullcap herb extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in CBD Synergies-AX with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Broad Spectrum Hemp extract6 drug types · 938 drugs

Estrogens

Theoretically, hemp might interfere with hormone therapy due to its estrogenic effects.
In an ovariectomized animal model, a diet containing hemp seed 1%, 2%, or 10% resulted in normalized plasma levels of 17-beta-estradiol. The mechanism of action for this effect is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, consuming hemp seed protein isolate with ACE inhibitors might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Hemp seed protein hydrolysate has shown ACE inhibitor-like effects in a hypertensive animal model. However, hempseed oil consumption does not seem to reduce blood pressure in humans. Until more is known, monitor blood pressure and potassium levels.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, hemp seed might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In animal research, hemp seed at 5% of the diet inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro. However, in human research, taking hemp seed oil 2 grams daily for 12 weeks does not inhibit the aggregation of platelets in vitro.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, hemp seed protein may have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
In a hypertensive animal model, hemp seed protein hydrolysate reduced systolic blood pressure by a mechanism possibly involving the inhibition of renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities. However, there was no effect of hemp seed protein on blood pressure in normotensive animals. Furthermore, hempseed oil consumption does not seem to reduce blood pressure in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, hemp might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that hemp induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, hemp might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that hemp induces CYP3A4 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Broad Spectrum Hemp extract full monograph & interactions

L-Theanine3 drug types · 565 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theanine might lower blood pressure, potentiating the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research shows that theanine can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive animals. Theoretically, concomitant use of theanine and antihypertensive drugs might potentiate the antihypertensive activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants. However, it is unclear if this concern is clinically relevant.
Theoretically, theanine may compete with glutamate and/or increase plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, which could cause CNS depression. In one clinical study, some subjects taking oral theanine reported drowsiness.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting. Some studies suggest it can increase serotonin levels in the brain while others report that it may decrease them. Nevertheless, there have been no reports of l-theanine being a causative agent in serotonergic-related side effects or serotonin syndrome.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence C
L-Theanine full monograph & interactions

GABA2 drug types · 419 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking GABA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Some clinical research shows that GABA can decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, GABA might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants. However, it is unclear if this concern is clinically relevant.
Endogenous GABA has well-established relaxant effects and GABA(A) receptors have an established physiological role in sleep. However, the effects of GABA supplements are unclear, as it is unknown whether exogenous GABA crosses the blood-brain barrier. Although there have been limited reports of drowsiness or tiredness with GABA supplements, these effects have not been widely reported in clinical studies. Additionally, intravenous GABA 0.1-1 mg/kg has been shown to induce anxiety in a dose-dependent manner.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
GABA full monograph & interactions

5-HTP3 drug types · 398 drugs

Carbidopa (Lodosyn)

Combining 5-HTP and carbidopa can increase the risk of serotonergic side effects.
Carbidopa is sometimes used with 5-HTP to minimize peripheral 5-HTP metabolism and boost the amount that reaches the brain. However, this combination might also increase the risk of some side effects including hypomania, restlessness, rapid speech, anxiety, insomnia, and aggressiveness. Combining carbidopa and 5-HTP might also increase the risk of scleroderma-like skin changes due to elevated serotonin levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use of 5-HTP with medications that cause sedation might have additive effects.
In clinical trials, 5-HTP has been associated with drowsiness and somnolence.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Combining serotonergic drugs with 5-HTP might cause additive serotonergic effects.
5-HTP can increase serotonin levels and cause serotonergic effects. Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with 5-HTP might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders. However, serotonin syndrome with 5-HTP has not yet been reported in humans. Monitor patients for signs of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects if using 5-HTP with serotonergic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
5-HTP full monograph & interactions

liquid Skullcap herb extract1 drug type · 248 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Animal and clinical research suggests that skullcap can cause sedation and cognitive impairment.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
liquid Skullcap herb extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for CBD Synergies-AX, from the product label.

Quicksilver Scientific

See all Quicksilver Scientific products
Name
Quicksilver Scientific
Street Address
1376 Miners Dr. #103
City
Lafayette
State
CO
ZipCode
80026
Web Address
QuicksilverScientific.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

CBD Synergies-AX by Quicksilver Scientific: Common Questions

Does CBD Synergies-AX by Quicksilver Scientific interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, CBD Synergies-AX has a known interaction with 1,126 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
CBD Synergies-AX contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is L-Theanine and what does it do?
L-Theanine is an amino acid that may support cognitive function and promote relaxation. It's shown Possibly Effective for cognitive function, though evidence for anxiety disorders and other conditions is not well established.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The safety data is insufficient for L-Theanine, GABA, 5-HTP, and Skullcap during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you.
What are the most common side effects?
The ingredients can cause drowsiness, headache, nausea, dizziness, and digestive upset—severity is often dose-dependent. Long-term safety for most of these ingredients is not well studied.
Is 5-HTP safe with antidepressants?
No—combining 5-HTP with serotonergic drugs like antidepressants carries a Moderate interaction risk, including serotonin syndrome. Discuss this with your doctor or pharmacist before use.
What is GABA used for in this product?
GABA is a brain chemical that promotes relaxation. Evidence for its effectiveness in anxiety, ADHD, and other conditions is not established in the data we hold.
Can I take this with blood pressure medication?
Both L-Theanine and GABA may lower blood pressure, so using them with antihypertensive drugs could increase the risk of low blood pressure and dizziness. Check with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if CBD Synergies-AX is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

CBD Synergies-AX label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind CBD Synergies-AX’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Theanine

Interacts with 565 drugs

Theanine (usually L-theanine) is an amino acid found naturally in tea leaves that many people take to feel calmer and less stressed without strong drowsiness. Early research suggests it may...

Read the full Theanine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba)

Interacts with 419 drugs

GABA is a calming chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) that your body makes on its own, and it is sold as a supplement for stress, anxiety, and sleep. The science behind oral GABA supplemen...

Read the full Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Skullcap

Interacts with 248 drugs

American skullcap is an herb traditionally used to calm anxiety and promote relaxation, but solid human evidence is very limited. It is generally considered relatively safe for short-term us...

Read the full Skullcap monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

5-htp

Interacts with 398 drugs

5-HTP is a compound your body uses to make serotonin, and people take it as a supplement hoping to improve mood, sleep, and headaches. Some early research is promising, but the overall evide...

Read the full 5-htp monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Hemp

Interacts with 938 drugs

Hemp seeds and hemp seed oil are nutritious foods rich in protein, fiber, and healthy omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and they are generally safe for most people as part of the diet. While...

Read the full Hemp monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

CBD Synergies-AX's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 65 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Theanine 6 references
  1. Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M. Hypotensive effect of gamma-glutamylethylamide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1998;62:1065-8.
  2. Haskell, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Milne, A. L., Wesnes, K. A., and Scholey, A. B. The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biol.Psychol. 2008;77(2):113-122. PubMed
  3. Yokogoshi, H., Kato, Y., Sagesaka, Y. M., Takihara-Matsuura, T., Kakuda, T., and Takeuchi, N. Reduction effect of theanine on blood pressure and brain 5-hydroxyindoles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 1995;59(4):615-618. PubMed
  4. Lyon MR, Kapoor MP, Juneja LR. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(4):348-
  5. Hidese S, Ota M, Wakabayashi C, et al. Effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2017;29(2):72-9.
  6. Tsuchiya T, Honda H, Oikawa M, et al. Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2016;21(6):1085-90. PubMed

See these in context on the Theanine monograph →

Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) 12 references
  1. Cavagnini F, Invitti C, Pinto M, et al. Effect of acute and repeated administration of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth hormone and prolactin secretion in man. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1980;93:149-54.
  2. Nurnberger JI Jr, Berrettini WH, Simmons-Alling S, et al. Intravenous GABA administration is anxiogenic in man. Psychiatry Res 1986;19:113-7. PubMed
  3. Gershman RN, Vasilenko MA, Iliushina GG, et al. [Gammalon in the rehabilitation in infantile cerebral palsy]. Pediatr.Akus.Ginekol. 1977;(6):26-7.
  4. Loeb C, Benassi E, Bo, GP, et al. Preliminary evaluation of the effect of GABA and phosphatidylserine in epileptic patients. Epilepsy Res. 1987;1:209-12 . PubMed
  5. Inoue K, Shirai T, Ochiai H, et al. Blood-pressure-lowering effect of a novel fermented milk containing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mild hypertensives. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:490-95.
  6. ELLIOTT, K. A. and JASPER, H. H. Gammaaminobutyric acid. Physiol Rev. 1959;39(2):383-406.
  7. Winsky-Sommerer, R. Role of GABAA receptors in the physiology and pharmacology of sleep. Eur.J.Neurosci. 2009;29(9):1779-1794.
  8. Meldrum, B. S. GABAergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 1989;27 Suppl 1:3S-11S. PubMed
  9. Loeb, C., Marinari, U. M., Benassi, E., Besio, G., Cottalasso, D., Cupello, A., Maffini, M., Mainardi, P., Pronzato, M. A., and Scotto, P. A. Phosphatidylserine increases in vivo the synaptosomal uptake of exogenous GABA in rats. Exp.Neurol. 1988;99(2):4 PubMed
  10. Melis, G. B., Paoletti, A. M., Mais, V., and Fioretti, P. Interference of dopamine infusion on gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-stimulated prolactin increase. J.Endocrinol.Invest 1980;3(4):445-448.
  11. Boonstra E, de Kleijn R, Colzato LS, Alkemade A, Forstmann BU, Nieuwenhuis S. Neurotransmitters as food supplements: the effects of GABA on brain and behavior. Front Psychol. 2015 Oct 6;6:1520. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01520. eCollection 2015. PubMed
  12. de Bie TH, Witkamp RF, Balvers MG, Jongsma MA. Effects of ?-aminobutyric acid supplementation on glucose control in adults with prediabetes: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023;118(3):708-719. PubMed

See these in context on the Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (gaba) monograph →

5-htp 32 references
  1. Birdsall TC. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: A Clinically-Effective Serotonin Precursor. Altern Med Rev 1998;3:271-80.
  2. Michelson D, Page SW, Casey R, et al. An eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome related disorder associated with exposure to L-5-hydroxytryptophan. J Rheumatol 1994;21:2261-5.
  3. Cangiano C, Ceci F, Cancino A, et al. Eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjects treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:863-7. PubMed
  4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Impurities confirmed in dietary supplement 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. FDA Talk Paper, August 31, 1998; T98-48.
  5. Sternberg EM, Van Woert MH, Young SN, et al. Development of a scleroderma-like illness during therapy with L-5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. N Engl J Med 1980;303:782-7. PubMed
  6. Poldinger W, Calanchini B, Schwarz W. A functional-dimensional approach to depression: serotonin deficiency as a target syndrome in a comparison of 5-hydroxytryptophan and fluvoxamine. Psychopathology 1991;24:53-81.
  7. Ribeiro CA. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan in the prophylaxis of chronic tension-type headache: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Headache 2000;40:451-6.
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Skullcap 3 references
  1. Wolfson P, Hoffmann DL. An investigation into the efficacy of Scutellaria lateriflora in healthy volunteers. Altern Ther Health Med 2003;9:74-8.
  2. Awad, R., Arnason, J. T., Trudeau, V., Bergeron, C., Budzinski, J. W., Foster, B. C., and Merali, Z. Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(8):6 PubMed
  3. Brock C, Whitehouse J, Tewfik I, Towell T. American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora): a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its effects on mood in healthy volunteers. Phytother Res 2014;28(5):692-8.

See these in context on the Skullcap monograph →

Hemp 12 references
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  2. Saberivand A, Karimi I, Becker LA, et al. The effects of Cannabis sativa L. seed (hempseed) in the ovariectomized rat model of menopause. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2010;32(7):467-73. PubMed
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  9. Déléaval M, Burri H, Bakelants E. Harmless herbs? A case report of acquired long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes in a patient taking herbal supplements. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2022;8(5):309-12. PubMed
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  12. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed

See these in context on the Hemp monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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