Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Celery Seed Extract Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NOW

Celery Seed Extract label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Celery Seed Extract against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Celery Seed Extract is a dietary supplement by NOW with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart failure symptoms, high blood pressure, chest pain (angina).Based on those ingredients, 670 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Celery seed oil extract powder, Hawthorn extract, Horse Chestnut extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Celery Seed Extract by NOW

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Celery Seed Extract by NOW — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Celery Seed Extract by NOW

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product contains 3 active ingredients. Hawthorn extract has a long history in traditional use for heart and circulation support, though current evidence is limited.

Celery seed oil extract powder is derived from celery seeds and is studied for blood pressure effects. Horse chestnut extract comes from the seed of the horse chestnut tree and is used for vein and circulation health.

The product also contains inactive ingredients — microcrystalline cellulose, hypromellose, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide — which are common capsule fillers and binders.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: circulatory support and healthy vascular function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Angina, Arrhythmia, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), Congestive heart failure (CHF) — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Horse Chestnut is rated "Possibly Effective" for Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Hawthorn is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Angina, Arrhythmia, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease (CVD), and more.

The evidence for what this product actually does is sparse across the board. For hawthorn extract, the data we hold shows insufficient evidence to say whether it works for angina, anxiety, heart rhythm problems, hardening of the arteries, heart disease, or brain function.

Celery seed oil extract powder also lacks reliable evidence for sexual dysfunction, anxiety, headache, depression, diabetes, or indigestion. Horse chestnut extract is possibly effective for chronic venous insufficiency — a condition where veins in the legs have trouble returning blood — but the evidence is otherwise insufficient for hemorrhoids, irritable bowel syndrome, or kidney stones.

If you're considering this product for a specific condition, ask your pharmacist or doctor whether the research supports its use for your needs.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Hawthorn Celery Horse Chestnut

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Hawthorn extract is generally well tolerated in studies, but if you have a heart condition, medical supervision is important. The safety data advises against using medicinal amounts of celery seed in pregnancy because it may affect the uterus; food amounts are likely fine.

Avoid celery seed supplements while breastfeeding because there isn't enough reliable information. Horse chestnut seed extract — when properly processed to remove toxic parts — is generally tolerated, though dizziness, stomach upset, headache, and itching have been reported.

Avoid horse chestnut during pregnancy and breastfeeding because safety hasn't been established. Celery can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive people, ranging from itching in the mouth to, rarely, anaphylaxis (a severe whole-body reaction).

If you have a celery allergy, do not use this product.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Hawthorn Celery Horse Chestnut

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Hawthorn, Celery, Horse Chestnut.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 670 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Major: Check before using if you take nitrates (for chest pain) or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (like sildenafil for erectile dysfunction) — hawthorn can cause dangerous blood pressure drops. Moderate: If you're on beta-blockers, blood thinners (anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs), calcium channel blockers, digoxin, levothyroxine, venlafaxine, lithium, blood pressure medications, or drugs metabolized by your liver's CYP1A2 enzyme, check with us first.

Minor: If you take photosensitizing drugs or acetaminophen, we should review the interaction. Use the medication checker on this page with your exact drug names and doses.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product combines three botanical ingredients with a history of traditional use but limited modern evidence. Because of multiple moderate-to-major interactions with heart medications, blood pressure drugs, and blood thinners, you need to check your exact medications before taking it — especially if you have heart disease or take prescription medication.

If you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a celery allergy, talk with your pharmacist or doctor before using it.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 27, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Celery Seed Extract, straight from the product label.

Brand NOW
Barcode (UPC) 733739046260
Net contents 60 Veg Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 27, 2021
DSLD ID 245127
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Celery Seed Extract by NOW, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Veg Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Veg Capsule(s)
UPC/BARCODE
733739046260
IngredientAmount% DV
Hawthorn extract25 mg--
Celery seed oil extract powder100 mg--
Horse Chestnut extract200 mg--

Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hypromellose, Stearic Acid, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Usage: Take 1 capsule twice daily.

Formula

NOW Celery Seed Extract offers a wide array of bioactive compounds including naturally occurring phthalides such as 3-n-butylphthalide (3nB). 3nB is extensively researched for its ability to support vascular health, especially within the brain. This product includes horse chestnut seed extract, which has been long known to support healthy vascular function. Hawthorn extract with its many phenolic constituents has also been included to complement this formula.

Plus Horse Chestnut & Hawthorn Extracts

Triangle K (Kosher)

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Precautions

Caution: For adults only.

Consult physician if pregnant/nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition.

Keep out of reach of children.

Not manufactured with yeast, wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish or shellfish ingredients. Produced in a GMP facility that process other ingredients containing these allergens.

Contains tree nut (horse chestnut).

Formulation

Natural color variation may occur in this product.

Circulatory support Healthy vascular function

Vegetarian/vegan

Not manufactured with yeast, wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish or shellfish ingredients.

Seals/Symbols

Non-GMO

Triangle K (Kosher)

GMP Quality Assured

FDA Statement of Identity

A Dietary Supplement

General Statements

Botanicals/herbs Family owned since 1968.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place after opening.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Celery Seed Extract by NOW label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Celery Seed Extract label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Celery Seed Extract by NOW

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Veg Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Hawthorn extract

Interacts with
191 drugs
25 mg per serving Form: Vitexin-2”-O-Rhamnoside

Hawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when...

Hawthorn extract monograph & interactions

Celery seed oil extract powder

Interacts with
651 drugs
100 mg per serving

Celery is a common vegetable that is also taken as a seed extract or oil supplement, mainly for blood pressure, fluid retention, and joint discomfort....

Celery seed oil extract powder monograph & interactions

Horse Chestnut extract

Interacts with
122 drugs
200 mg per serving Form: Aescin

Horse chestnut seed extract is most often used for chronic venous insufficiency, where standardized products may help reduce leg swelling, pain, and h...

Horse Chestnut extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hypromellose, Stearic Acid, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Celery Seed Extract by NOW Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Celery Seed Extract?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
670Drugs
14 Major 454 Moderate 202 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Celery seed oil extract powder 651
Hawthorn extract 191
Horse Chestnut extract 122

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Celery Seed Extract interact with 670 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in Celery Seed Extract interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Celery seed oil extract powder Hawthorn extract Horse Chestnut extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Celery Seed Extract with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Celery seed oil extract powder8 drug types · 651 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, celery root might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Celery root contains the constituents falcarinol and falcarindiol. Laboratory research suggests that these constituents can inhibit platelet aggregation. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, celery seed extract might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Clinical research suggests that taking celery seed extract may reduce daytime systolic blood pressure by about 12 mmHg compared to less than 1 mmHg with placebo.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, celery might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro and animal research suggests that constituents of celery can inhibit CYP1A2. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Theoretically, celery seed might decrease the effects of levothyroxine.
Several cases of hypothyroidism with low T4 levels have been reported in people who were previously stabilized on levothyroxine and then started taking celery seed tablets. They presented with symptoms such as lethargy, bloating, and dry skin, and recovered when celery seed was stopped. However, celery stem and leaf has been associated with case reports of hyperthyroidism in patients with no pre-existing thyroid disorders.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, celery might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium due to potential diuretic effects.
Celery is thought to have diuretic properties. However, this effect has not been confirmed in humans.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Venlafaxine (Effexor)

Theoretically, celery root extract might increase blood levels of venlafaxine.
There is one case report of a patient who experienced medication-induced bipolar disorder after beginning to take celery root extract 1000 mg daily along with venlafaxine 75 mg and St. John's wort 600 mg daily. Symptoms included confusion, speech abnormalities, manic affect, and visual hallucinations. The plasma level of venlafaxine was 476.8 ng/mL (normal range 195-400 ng/mL). It is theorized that celery root increased venlafaxine levels by inhibiting cytochrome P450 2D6.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)

Theoretically, celery juice might increase the effects and side effects of acetaminophen.
Animal research suggests that concomitant use of celery juice plus acetaminophen prolongs the effects of acetaminophen. This effect has been attributed to a decrease in hepatic cytochrome P450 activity. However, other animal research shows that pretreatment with celery root extract protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. These effects have not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, celery might increase the risk of photosensitivity reactions when taken with photosensitizing drugs.
Laboratory research shows that celery contains photosensitizing agents such as phenols and psoralens.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Celery seed oil extract powder full monograph & interactions

Hawthorn extract6 drug types · 191 drugs

Nitrates

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors

Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Hawthorn might inhibit PDE-5 and cause vasodilation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that hawthorn can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, its effect in humans is unclear. One observational study shows that patients taking hawthorn shortly before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or valve replacement surgery have a 10% incidence of postoperative bleeding, compared with 1% in those who never consumed hawthorn extract. However, clinical research shows that taking a specific preparation of dried hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataesor, Soria Natural Lab) 800 mg three times daily for 15 days does not affect platelet aggregation or levels of thromboxane B2, the metabolite of thromboxane A2, in healthy humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beta-Blockers

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure and heart rate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Calcium Channel Blockers

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilation and hypotensive effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Hawthorn appears to improve cardiac output; however, hawthorn does not appear to affect digoxin pharmacokinetics. Case reports suggest that at least one species of hawthorn root extract (Crataegus mexicana) may produce adverse effects similar to digoxin and can cross-react with digoxin assays, leading to falsely elevated plasma digoxin levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hawthorn extract full monograph & interactions

Horse Chestnut extract1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Horse chestnut may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Horse chestnut contains the constituent esculin which has been shown to have antithrombotic effects. Therefore, horse chestnut might have antiplatelet effects. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Horse Chestnut extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Celery Seed Extract, from the product label.

NOW

See all NOW products
Name
NOW Foods
Street Address
395 S. Glen Ellyn Rd.
City
Bloomingdale
State
IL
ZipCode
60108
Web Address
nowfoods.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Celery Seed Extract by NOW: Common Questions

Does Celery Seed Extract by NOW interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Celery Seed Extract has a known interaction with 670 medications, including 14 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Celery Seed Extract contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is it safe to take this if I'm pregnant?
The safety data advises against medicinal amounts of celery seed in pregnancy because it may affect the uterus; food amounts are likely fine. There is not enough safety information on hawthorn and horse chestnut during pregnancy either, so it's best avoided. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist to discuss whether this product is right for you right now.
What does the celery seed ingredient actually do?
The celery seed oil extract powder in this product hasn't been proven to work for sexual dysfunction, anxiety, headache, depression, diabetes, or indigestion in the data we hold. Clinical research does suggest that celery seed extract may lower daytime blood pressure, but the evidence for other uses is insufficient.
Is this product safe if I have a celery allergy?
No — do not use this product. Celery can cause allergic reactions in sensitive people, from itching in the mouth to, rarely, severe anaphylaxis. Raw celery, cooked celery, and celery juice can all trigger reactions, so a celery extract would too.
What does the horse chestnut extract do?
Horse chestnut extract is possibly effective for chronic venous insufficiency — a condition where veins in your legs struggle to pump blood back to your heart. For other uses like hemorrhoids, irritable bowel syndrome, or kidney stones, the evidence is insufficient to say whether it works.
What are the most common side effects I might notice?
Hawthorn is generally well tolerated. Celery can cause photosensitivity — a reaction to sun exposure — and allergic symptoms like itching or burning in the mouth in sensitive people. Horse chestnut extract may cause dizziness, stomach upset, headache, or itching. If you experience any of these, stop and talk to your pharmacist.
Is this safe to take while breastfeeding?
There isn't enough reliable information on any of these ingredients during breastfeeding. Safety hasn't been established for hawthorn and horse chestnut, and celery supplements are best avoided. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Celery Seed Extract is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Celery Seed Extract label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Celery Seed Extract’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Hawthorn

Interacts with 191 drugs

Hawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when added to standard care. However, the ev...

Read the full Hawthorn monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Celery

Interacts with 651 drugs

Celery is a common vegetable that is also taken as a seed extract or oil supplement, mainly for blood pressure, fluid retention, and joint discomfort. Human evidence for these supplement use...

Read the full Celery monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Horse Chestnut

Interacts with 122 drugs

Horse chestnut seed extract is most often used for chronic venous insufficiency, where standardized products may help reduce leg swelling, pain, and heaviness. Raw, unprocessed horse chestnu...

Read the full Horse Chestnut monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Celery Seed Extract's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 94 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Hawthorn 25 references
  1. Tauchert M. Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:910-5. PubMed
  2. Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2003;114:665-74.. PubMed
  3. Chang Q, Zuo Z, Harrison F, Chow MS. Hawthorn. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:605-12.
  4. Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, et al. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:1255-63. PubMed
  5. Pittler MH, Guo R, and Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane.Database.Syst Rev 2008:CD005312. PubMed
  6. Zick SM, Vautaw BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11:990-99. PubMed
  7. Werner NS, Duschek S, and Schandry R. D-camphor-crataegus berry extract combination increases blood pressure and cognitive functioning in the elderly - a randomized, placebo controlled double blind study. Phytomedicine. 2009;16:1077-82. PubMed
  8. Dalli E, Colomer E, Tormos MC, et al. Crataegus laevigata decreases neutrophil elastase and has hypolipidemic effect: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 6-15-2011;18:769-75. PubMed
  9. Maek-a-nantawat W, Phonrat B, Dhitavat J, et al. Safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, among asymptomatic HIV patients. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 2009;40:494-501.
  10. Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al. Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2012;12:26. PubMed
  11. Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al. Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen.Pract 2006;56:437-43.
  12. Daniele C, Mazzanti G, Pittler MH, et al. Adverse-event profile of Crataegus spp.: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2006;29:523-35. PubMed
  13. Tankanow R, Tamer HR, Streetman DS, et al. Interaction study between digoxin and a preparation of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha). J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2003;43:637-42. DOI
  14. Tauchert, M., Gildor, A., and Lipinski, J. [High-dose Crataegus extract WS 1442 in the treatment of NYHA stage II heart failure]. Herz 1999;24(6):465-474.
  15. Horoz, M., Gok, E., Genctoy, G., Ozcan, T., Olmaz, R., Akca, M., Kiykim, A., and Gurses, I. Crataegus orientalis associated multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction and acute renal failure. Intern.Med 2008;47(23):2039-2042. PubMed
  16. Dalli, E., Valles, J., Cosin-Sales, J., Santos, M. T., Moscardo, A., Milara, J., and Sotillo, J. F. Effects of hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Thromb.Res 2011;128(4):398-400. PubMed
  17. Rogov VD. [Toxiderma due to the fruits of the hawthorn]. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1984;7(7):46-47.
  18. Loew D, Albrecht M, and Podzuweit H. Efficacy and tolerability of a Hawthorn preparation in patients with heart failure Stage I and II according to NYHA - a surveillance study. Phytomedicine 1996;3(Suppl 1):92.
  19. Rababa'h AM, Altarabsheh SE, Haddad O, Deo SV, Obeidat Y, Al-Azzam S. Hawthorn Herb Increases the Risk of Bleeding after Cardiac Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach. Heart Surg Forum 2016;19(4):E175-9. PubMed
  20. Shatoor AS, Soliman H, Al-Hashem F, Gamal BE, Othman A, El-Menshaw N. Effect of hawthorn (Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L)) on platelet function in albino wistar rats. Thromb Res 2012;130(1):75-80. PubMed
  21. Vibes J, Lasserre B, Gleye J, Declume C. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in vitro by the main components of Crataegus oxyacantha (hawthorn) flower heads. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;50(4):173-5. PubMed
  22. Rogers KL, Grice ID, Griffiths LR. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and 5-HT release by extracts of Australian plants used traditionally as headache treatments. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000;9(4):355-63. PubMed
  23. Zhou CC, Huang XX, Gao PY, et al. Two new compounds from Crataegus pinnatifida and their antithrombotic activities. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2014;16(2):169-74.
  24. Palmer KG, Lebin JA, Cronin MT, Mazor SS, Burns RA. Crataegus mexicana (Tejocote) Exposure Associated with Cardiotoxicity and a Falsely Elevated Digoxin Level. J Med Toxicol. 2019;15(4):295-298. PubMed
  25. Espinosa J, Bassett R, Lucerna A, Finn D. Hawthorne root (Crataegus mexicana) toxicity. Am J Emerg Med. 2024;78:242.e5-242.e6. PubMed

See these in context on the Hawthorn monograph →

Celery 48 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  3. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  4. Heck AM, DeWitt BA, Lukes AL. Potential interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000;57:1221-7. DOI
  5. Gral N, Beani JC, Bonnot D, et al. [Plasma levels of psoralens after celery ingestion]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1993;120:599-603.
  6. Moses, G. Thyroxine interacts with celery seed tablets? Australian Prescriber 2001;24:6-7. DOI
  7. Ciganda C, and Laborde A. Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:235-239. PubMed
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See these in context on the Celery monograph →

Horse Chestnut 21 references
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See these in context on the Horse Chestnut monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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