Focus & Memory Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Focus & Memory against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Focus & Memory is a dietary supplement by GNC Preventive Nutrition with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for bone health and osteoporosis prevention, dietary calcium deficiency, heartburn relief (calcium carbonate antacids).Based on those ingredients, 1,159 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract, American Ginseng Root Extract, Calcium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Focus & Memory by GNC Preventive Nutrition
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Focus & Memory by GNC Preventive Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Focus & Memory by GNC Preventive Nutrition
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Partial disclosure
The active ingredients include calcium, ginsenosides, alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC), Indian frankincense gum resin extract (Boswellia serrata), Chebulic Myrobalan fruit extract, Nutricog, American ginseng root extract, and Melon Fruit Pulp Concentrate. Calcium is a mineral for bone and general body function.
Alpha-GPC is a choline compound studied for memory and brain health. Boswellia is a plant gum resin extract studied mainly for joint comfort.
The capsule also contains inactive ingredients such as microcrystalline cellulose, gelatin, mannitol, calcium carbonate, magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide. These are fillers, binders, and capsule materials, not active ingredients.
Does it work?
Insufficient evidence
Ratings differ by ingredient and by condition. Calcium is rated Effective for kidney failure, dyspepsia, hypocalcemia, and hyperkalemia, and Likely Effective for osteoporosis.
Boswellia is rated Possibly Effective for osteoarthritis. Alpha-GPC is rated Possibly Effective for Alzheimer disease.
For cognitive function, the evidence is rated Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate, so the data we hold does not establish that this product helps everyday memory.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Calcium is generally well tolerated at recommended amounts, but high doses can cause problems. Common effects include belching, constipation, diarrhea, and stomach upset.
Rare serious concerns include calciphylaxis and kidney stones, and some epidemiological data links very high intakes to prostate cancer risk. Alpha-GPC is generally well tolerated in studies, but long-term safety is not fully established.
Boswellia is generally well tolerated short term, though quality and dose vary widely between products. Pregnancy data is mixed or missing: our records include both a likely safe and a possibly unsafe rating for calcium, a safety note advising Boswellia be avoided during pregnancy, and no pregnancy entry at all for alpha-GPC.
Talk with your own doctor or pharmacist about your situation.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Double-check any HIV integrase inhibitor, such as dolutegravir or elvitegravir, which carries a Major interaction with calcium. Also review raltegravir, levothyroxine, sotalol, calcipotriene, diltiazem, and immunosuppressants, which carry Moderate interactions, plus drugs cleared by CYP liver enzymes.
Scopolamine carries a Minor interaction with alpha-GPC. Use the search tool on this page to check your exact medications, and confirm with your own doctor or pharmacist before combining.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with insufficient evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product may suit adults looking for calcium and a few plant and choline ingredients, if their medications don't conflict. People taking HIV integrase inhibitors, levothyroxine, sotalol, diltiazem, immunosuppressants, or other drugs listed above should be especially careful.
Pregnant or breastfeeding people should talk with their own doctor or pharmacist before use, since the safety data is mixed. Review this with your own doctor or pharmacist before starting.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 3 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Focus & Memory, straight from the product label.
| Brand | GNC Preventive Nutrition |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 048107241797 |
| Net contents | 60 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Oct 24, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 315306 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Focus & Memory by GNC Preventive Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium | 40 mg | 3% |
| Ginsenosides | 20 mg | -- |
| Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine | 200 mg | -- |
| Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Chebulic Myrobalan fruit extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Nutricog | 300 mg | -- |
| American Ginseng Root Extract | 200 mg | -- |
| Melon Fruit Pulp Concentrate, Powder | 10 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Gelatin, Mannitol, Calcium Carbonate, Maltodextrin, Corn Starch, Vegetable Oil, Hydrogenated, Magnesium Hydroxide, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions
Keep out of reach of children.
Warning: Cancer and reproductive harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.
Consult your physician prior to using this product if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or have a medical condition.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
General Statements
For More Information: 1-888-462-2548, GNC.com
60 Capsules/30 Day Supply Learn more
Brand IP Statement(s)
CEREBOOST (American Ginseng Root Extract) is a trademark of Naturex SA. Extramel (Melon Fruit Pulp Extact) is a trademark of BIONOV. Nutricog is a trademark of PLT Health Solutions-Laila Nutraceuticals LLC.
Formula
Improve cognition with clinically studied Nutricog & Cereboost
Formulation
Expert formulated Enhance working memory Improve response to cognitive demand Feel the difference
Caffeine free
Gluten free.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: As a dietary supplement, take two capsules per day with water.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Focus & Memory by GNC Preventive Nutrition label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Focus & Memory by GNC Preventive Nutrition
These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Calcium
Interacts with168 drugs
Calcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet f...
Calcium monograph & interactionsAlpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine
Interacts with16 drugs
Alpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition...
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine monograph & interactionsNutricog
- › Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract
- › Chebulic Myrobalan fruit extract
American Ginseng Root Extract
Interacts with217 drugs
American ginseng is an herbal root used as an 'adaptogen' to support energy, stress, immune function, and blood sugar. Some uses—such as reducing the...
American Ginseng Root Extract monograph & interactions- › Ginsenosides
Melon Fruit Pulp Concentrate, Powder
Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Gelatin, Mannitol, Calcium Carbonate, Maltodextrin, Corn Starch, Vegetable Oil, Hydrogenated, Magnesium Hydroxide, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Focus & Memory by GNC Preventive Nutrition Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Focus & Memory by GNC Preventive Nutrition can interact with several medications, through its calcium, alpha-GPC, and Boswellia (Indian frankincense) content.
The most serious interactions are rated Major and involve calcium and a group of HIV drugs called integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir (Tivicay) and elvitegravir (Vitekta). Calcium can reduce how much of these drugs your body absorbs, which may make them less effective.
The ceftriaxone entry (an antibiotic) concerns intravenous calcium, not oral supplements.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Calcium also carries Moderate interactions with raltegravir (another HIV drug), levothyroxine (a thyroid hormone), sotalol (a heart rhythm medicine), calcipotriene (a topical vitamin D product for psoriasis), and diltiazem (a heart medicine). Calcium can reduce absorption of levothyroxine and sotalol, so spacing doses matters.
Boswellia carries Moderate interactions, shown in lab (in vitro) research, with drugs cleared by several liver enzymes (CYP enzymes) and with immunosuppressant drugs. Alpha-GPC carries a Minor interaction with scopolamine.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,087 individual medications.
Several other ingredients, including ginsenosides, Chebulic Myrobalan fruit extract, and Melon Fruit Pulp Concentrate, could not be checked because we hold no interaction data for them. Nutricog and American Ginseng Root Extract are listed as blends, and this record does not let us assess them.
Use the search tool on this page to check your exact medications, and talk through the details with your own doctor or pharmacist.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Focus & Memory?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Focus & Memory interact with 1,159 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 6 ingredients in Focus & Memory interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract American Ginseng Root Extract Calcium Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine
CeftriaxoneRocephin
How Ceftriaxone interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CalciumCeftriaxone (rocephin) Major
Interaction Summary
Co-administration of intravenous calcium and ceftriaxone can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys.
Read the full Calcium + Ceftriaxone interactionCobicistat, Elvitegravir, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide FumarateGenvoya
How Cobicistat, Elvitegravir, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate interacts with Focus & Memory — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CalciumElvitegravir (vitekta), Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir Alafenamide (biktarvy) Major
Interaction Summary
Calcium seems to reduce levels of elvitegravir.
Read the full Calcium + Cobicistat, Elvitegravir, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate interactionIndian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Cobicistat, Elvitegravir, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate interactionDolutegravirTivicay
How Dolutegravir interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CalciumDolutegravir (tivicay) Major
Interaction Summary
Calcium seems to reduce levels of dolutegravir.
Read the full Calcium + Dolutegravir interactionDolutegravir, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir AlafenamideDolutegravir, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide
How Dolutegravir, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CalciumDolutegravir (tivicay), Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir Alafenamide (biktarvy) Major
Interaction Summary
Calcium seems to reduce levels of dolutegravir.
Read the full Calcium + Dolutegravir, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide interactionDolutegravir, RilpivirineJuluca
How Dolutegravir, Rilpivirine interacts with Focus & Memory — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CalciumDolutegravir (tivicay) Major
Interaction Summary
Calcium seems to reduce levels of dolutegravir.
Read the full Calcium + Dolutegravir, Rilpivirine interactionIndian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Dolutegravir, Rilpivirine interactionElvitegravirVitekta
How Elvitegravir interacts with Focus & Memory — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CalciumElvitegravir (vitekta) Major
Interaction Summary
Calcium seems to reduce levels of elvitegravir.
Read the full Calcium + Elvitegravir interactionIndian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Elvitegravir interactionElvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil FumarateStribild
How Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate interacts with Focus & Memory — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CalciumElvitegravir (vitekta), Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir Alafenamide (biktarvy) Major
Interaction Summary
Calcium seems to reduce levels of elvitegravir.
Read the full Calcium + Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate interactionIndian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate interactionWarfarinWarfarin
How Warfarin interacts with Focus & Memory — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
American Ginseng Root ExtractWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Read the full American Ginseng Root Extract + Warfarin interactionIndian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Warfarin interactionWarfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin
How Warfarin Sodium interacts with Focus & Memory — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
American Ginseng Root ExtractWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Read the full American Ginseng Root Extract + Warfarin Sodium interactionIndian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Warfarin Sodium interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Focus & Memory — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
American Ginseng Root ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full American Ginseng Root Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionIndian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Focus & Memory — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
American Ginseng Root ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full American Ginseng Root Extract + Abrocitinib interactionIndian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Immunosuppressants +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
American Ginseng Root ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full American Ginseng Root Extract + Acarbose interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Focus & Memory — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Focus & Memory with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Indian Frankincense Gum Resin Extract
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP1A2 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C9 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes. Other in vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes at most concentrations, although it may modestly induce enzyme activity at low concentrations.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Some in vitro research suggests that Boswellia serrata extracts might inhibit mediators of autoimmune disorders such as leukotrienes and reduce production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. However, other in vitro research suggests that, when coupled with calcium ions, boswellic acids containing the keto group have immunostimulant properties within specific cell signaling pathways.
American Ginseng Root Extract
Warfarin (Coumadin)
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Healthy patients receiving warfarin 5 mg daily, who also take American ginseng 1 gram twice daily, seem to have a significantly reduced international normalized ratio (INR).
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
American ginseng seems to lower postprandial blood glucose. Theoretically, concomitant use with antidiabetes drugs might enhance blood glucose lowering effects and possibly cause hypoglycemia.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
American ginseng seems to stimulate immune function. Theoretically, American ginseng might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant drugs.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, American ginseng can interfere with MAOI therapy.
There is one case report of insomnia, headache, and tremors when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine (Nardil), an MAOI. There is also one case report of hypomania when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine. Theoretically, American ginseng may interfere with MAOI therapy.
Calcium
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Co-administration of intravenous calcium and ceftriaxone can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys.
Avoid administering intravenous calcium in any form, such as parenteral nutrition or Lactated Ringers, within 48 hours of intravenous ceftriaxone. Case reports in neonates show that administering intravenous ceftriaxone and calcium can result in precipitation of a ceftriaxone-calcium salt in the lungs and kidneys. In several cases, neonates have died as a result of this interaction. So far there are no reports in adults; however, there is still concern that this interaction might occur in adults.
Dolutegravir (Tivicay)
Calcium seems to reduce levels of dolutegravir.
Advise patients to take dolutegravir either 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium carbonate 1200 mg concomitantly with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces plasma levels of dolutegravir by almost 40%. Calcium appears to decrease levels of dolutegravir through chelation.
Elvitegravir (Vitekta)
Calcium seems to reduce levels of elvitegravir.
Advise patients to take elvitegravir either 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking calcium supplements. Pharmacokinetic research suggests that taking calcium along with elvitegravir can reduce blood levels of elvitegravir through chelation.
Aluminum
Calcium citrate might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity. Other types of calcium do not increase aluminum absorption.
Calcium citrate can increase the absorption of aluminum when taken with aluminum hydroxide. The increase in aluminum levels may become toxic, particularly in individuals with kidney disease. However, the effect of calcium citrate on aluminum absorption is due to the citrate anion rather than calcium cation. Calcium acetate does not appear to increase aluminum absorption.
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Calcium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption when taken in a fasting state.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and calcium can be taken together if taken with food. However, if taken on an empty stomach, bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should not be taken with, or 2 hours after, calcium containing products.
Bisphosphonates
Calcium reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Advise patients to take bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes before calcium, but preferably at a different time of day. Calcium supplements decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)
Taking calcipotriene with calcium might increase the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with calcium supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Using intravenous calcium with digoxin might increase the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. However, one retrospective analysis of clinical data suggests that intravenous calcium does not increase the risk of dysrhythmias or mortality in patients receiving digoxin.
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)
Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, calcium might increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of diltiazem.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption and effectiveness of levothyroxine.
Advise patients to take levothyroxine and calcium supplements at least 4 hours apart. Calcium reduces levothyroxine absorption, probably by forming insoluble complexes. Calcium carbonate supplements reduce effectiveness of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism.
Lithium
Theoretically, concomitant use of calcium and lithium may increase this risk of hypercalcemia.
Clinical research suggests that long-term use of lithium may cause hypercalcemia in 10% to 60% of patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of lithium and calcium supplements may further increase this risk.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral quinolones at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements or calcium-fortified foods. Taking calcium at the same time as oral quinolones can reduce quinolone absorption. Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut.
Raltegravir (Isentress)
Calcium may reduce levels of raltegravir.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that taking a single dose of calcium carbonate 3000 mg along with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily modestly decreases the mean area under the curve of raltegravir, but the decrease does not necessitate a dose adjustment of raltegravir. However, a case of elevated HIV-1 RNA levels and documented resistance to raltegravir has been reported for a patient taking calcium carbonate 1 gram three times daily plus vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 400 IU three times daily in combination with raltegravir 400 mg twice daily for 11 months. It is thought that calcium reduced raltegravir levels by chelation, leading to treatment failure.
Sotalol (Betapace)
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of sotalol.
Advise patients to separate doses by at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after calcium. Calcium appears to reduce the absorption of sotalol, probably by forming insoluble complexes.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Calcium seems to reduce the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics.
Advise patients to take oral tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after calcium supplements. Taking calcium at the same time as oral tetracyclines can reduce tetracycline absorption. Calcium binds to tetracyclines in the gut.
Thiazide Diuretics
Taking calcium along with thiazides might increase the risk of hypercalcemia and renal failure.
Thiazides reduce calcium excretion by the kidneys. Using thiazides along with moderately large amounts of calcium carbonate increases the risk of milk-alkali syndrome (hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal failure). Patients may need to have their serum calcium levels and/or parathyroid function monitored regularly.
Verapamil (Calan, Others)
Theoretically, calcium may reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil.
Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically, use of calcium supplements may increase this risk of hypercalcemia and reduce the effectiveness of verapamil.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Intravenous calcium may decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers; oral calcium is unlikely to have this effect.
Intravenous calcium is used to decrease the effects of calcium channel blockers in the management of overdose. Intravenous calcium gluconate has been used before intravenous verapamil (Isoptin) to prevent or reduce the hypotensive effects without affecting the antiarrhythmic effects. But there is no evidence that dietary or supplemental calcium when taken orally interacts with calcium channel blockers.
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine
Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)
Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
A small clinical study shows that alpha-GPC can partially counteract the attention and memory impairment effects caused by scopolamine given intramuscularly. Whether alpha-GPC can decrease the beneficial anti-motion sickness effects of the scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) is unclear.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Focus & Memory, from the product label.
GNC Preventive Nutrition
See all GNC Preventive Nutrition products- Name
- GNC Holdings, LLC
- City
- Pittsburgh
- State
- PA
- ZipCode
- 15222
- Phone Number
- 1-888-462-2548
- Web Address
- GNC.com
Focus & Memory by GNC Preventive Nutrition: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Focus & Memory’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Calcium
Interacts with 168 drugsCalcium is an essential mineral your body needs for strong bones, nerve signaling, and muscle function, and supplements can help fill gaps when diet falls short. Most people do best getting...
Read the full Calcium monograph → Herb & supplement monographAlpha-gpc
Interacts with 16 drugsAlpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition in people with dementia, but evidence i...
Read the full Alpha-gpc monograph → Herb & supplement monographBoswellia Serrata
Interacts with 954 drugsBoswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoarthritis symptoms, but the overall evidenc...
Read the full Boswellia Serrata monograph → Herb & supplement monographAmerican Ginseng
Interacts with 217 drugsAmerican ginseng is an herbal root used as an 'adaptogen' to support energy, stress, immune function, and blood sugar. Some uses—such as reducing the chance or length of colds and modestly l...
Read the full American Ginseng monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Focus & Memory's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 94 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Calcium 62 references
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- Maton PN, Burton ME. Antacids revisited: a review of their clinical pharmacology and recommended therapeutic use. Drugs 1999;57:855-70.
- Clemens JD, Feinstein AR. Calcium carbonate and constipation: a historical review of medical mythopoeia. Gastroenterology 1977;72:957-61. DOI
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- Friedman PA, Bushinsky DA. Diuretic effects on calcium metabolism. Semin Nephrol 1999;19:551-6.
- Koo WK, Walters JC, Esterlitz J, et al. Maternal calcium supplementation and fetal bone mineralization. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:577-82. DOI
- Raman L, Rajalakshmi K, Krishnamachari KAVR, et al. Effect of calcium supplementation to undernourished mothers during pregnancy on the bone density of the neonates. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31:466-9. DOI
- Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.
- Chan JM, Giovannucci E, Andersson SO, et al. Dairy products, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, and risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1998;9:559-66.
- Butner LE, Fulco PP, Feldman G, et al. Calcium carbonate-induced hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 2000:132:595. PubMed
- Schneyer CR. Calcium carbonate and reduction of levothyroxine efficacy. JAMA 1998;279:750. PubMed
- Moser LR, Smythe MA, Tisdale JE. The use of calcium salts in the prevention and management of verapamil-induced hypotension. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:622-9. PubMed
- Singh N, Singh PN, Hershman JM. Effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of levothyroxine. JAMA 2000;283:2822-5. PubMed
- Kahela P, Anttila M, Tikkanen R, Sundquist H. Effect of food, food constituents and fluid volume on the bioavailability of sotalol. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1979;44:7-12.. PubMed
- Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60.. PubMed
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- Decktor DL, Robinson M, Maton PN, et al. Effects of aluminum/magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate on esophageal and gastric pH in subjects with heartburn. Am J Ther 1995;2:546-52. PubMed
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- Peters ML, Leonard M, Licata AA. Role of alendronate and risedronate in preventing and treating osteoporosis. Cleve Clin J Med 2001;68:945-51. PubMed
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- Gueguen L, Pointillart A. The bioavailability of dietary calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:119s-136s. PubMed
- Vella A, Gerber TC, Hayes DL, Reeder GS. Digoxin, hypercalcaemia, and cardiac conduction. Postgrad Med J 1999;75:554-6. PubMed
- Bania TC, Blaufeux B, Hughes S, et al. Calcium and digoxin vs. calcium alone for severe verapamil toxicity. Acad Emerg Med 2000;7:1089-96. PubMed
- Tseng M, Breslow RA, Graubard BI, Ziegler RG. Dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intakes and prostate cancer risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:1147-54. PubMed
- Weingarten MA, Zalmanovici A, Yaphe J. Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(1):CD003548. PubMed
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- Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. A prospective study of calcium intake and incident and fatal prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:203-10. PubMed
- Rocephin (ceftriaxone) and calcium interaction. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2007;23(10):231005.
- Bolland MJ, Barber PA, Doughty RN, et al. Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised control trial. BMJ 2008;336:262-6.
- Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;341:c3691. PubMed
- Calcium supplementation and vascular events. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2008;24(3):240306.
- Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, November 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/Vitamin%20D%20and%20Calcium%202010%20Repo
- Coburn JW, Mischel MG, Goodman WG, et al. Calcium citrate markedly enhances aluminum absorption from aluminum hydroxide. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;17(6):708-11. PubMed
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- Kays MB, Overholser BR, Mueller BA, et al. Effects of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium acetate on the oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(6):1253-9. PubMed
- Neuhofel, A. L., Wilton, J. H., Victory, J. M., Hejmanowsk, L. G., and Amsden, G. W. Lack of bioequivalence of ciprofloxacin when administered with calcium-fortified orange juice: a new twist on an old interaction. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(4):461-466. DOI
- Dickinson, H. O., Nicolson, D. J., Cook, J. V., Campbell, F., Beyer, F. R., Ford, G. A., and Mason, J. Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2006;(2):CD004639. PubMed
- Jones, B. J. and Twomey, P. J. Requesting patterns for serum calcium concentration in patients on long-term lithium therapy. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(1):170-172. PubMed
- Levine, M., Nikkanen, H., and Pallin, D. J. The effects of intravenous calcium in patients with digoxin toxicity. J Emerg.Med. 2011;40(1):41-46. PubMed
- Castelo-Branco, C., Ciria-Recasens, M., Cancelo-Hidalgo, M. J., Palacios, S., Haya-Palazuelos, J., Carbonell-Abello, J., Blanch-Rubio, J., Martinez-Zapata, M. J., Manasanch, J., and Perez-Edo, L. Efficacy of ossein-hydroxyapatite complex compared with ca
- Li K, Kaaks R, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S. Associations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation i
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- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Lappe J, Watson P, Travers-Gustafson D, Recker R, Garland C, Gorham E, Baggerly K, McDonnell SL. Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Cancer Incidence in Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Mar 28;317(12):1234-1243. PubMed
- Grove ML, Cook D. Calcium and heart attacks. Doesn't apply to most calcium prescriptions. BMJ. 2010;341:c5003. PubMed
- Insentress [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; 2014.
- Roberts JL, Kiser JJ, Hindman JT, Meditz AL. Virologic failure with a raltegravir-containing antiretroviral regimen and concomitant calcium administration. Pharmacotherapy 2011;31(10):298e-302e. DOI
- Vitekta [package insert]. Foster City, CA: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; 2014.
- Storan ER, O'Gorman SM, Murphy A, Laing M. Case Report of Calciphylaxis Secondary to Calcium and Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation. J Cutan Med Surg. 2017;21(2):162-163. DOI
- Jenkins DJA, Spence JD, Giovannucci EL, et al. Supplemental vitamins and minerals for CVD prevention and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71(22):2570-84. PubMed
- Borkenhagen JF, Connor EL, Stafstrom CE. Neonatal hypocalcemic seizures due to excessive maternal calcium ingestion. Pediatr Neurol 2013;48(6):469-71. PubMed
- WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016 (http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/ anc-positive-pregnancy-experience/en/).
- Aune D, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Chan DS, et al. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(1):87-117. PubMed
- Lan T, Park Y, Colditz GA, et al. Adolescent dairy product and calcium intake in relation to later prostate cancer risk and mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2020;31(10):891-904. PubMed
- Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu J, et al. Association of Vitamin D or Calcium Supplementation with Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2021;25(2):263-270. PubMed
- Myung SK, Kim HB, Lee YJ, Choi YJ, Oh SW. Calcium Supplements and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021;13(2):368. PubMed
- Hetaimish B. Neonatal Calcinosis Cutis After Treatment of Hypocalcemia with Calcium Gluconate: A Report of 2 Cases. Am J Case Rep 2024;25:e943397. PubMed
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Biktarvy Prescribing Information. October 2024. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/210251Orig1s020lbl.pdf. Accessed July 16, 2025.
Alpha-gpc 4 references
- Di Perri R, Coppola G, Ambrosio LA, et al. A multicentre trial to the evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine versus cytosine diphosphocholine in patients with vascular dementia. J Int Med Res 1991;19:330-41.
- Barbagallo Sangiorgi G, Barbagallo M, Giordano M, et al. Alpha-glycerophosphocholine in the mental recovery of cerebral ischemic attacks: An Italian multicenter clinical trial. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;717:253-69. PubMed
- Canal N, Franceschi M, Alberoni M, et al. Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1991;29:103-7.
- Lee G, Choi S, Chang J, et al. Association of L-a glycerylphosphorylcholine with subsequent stroke risk after 10 Years. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4(11):e2136008.
Boswellia Serrata 16 references
- Gupta I, Gupta V, Parihar A, et al. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with bronchial asthma: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical study. Eur J Med Res 1998;3:511-4.
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Kimmatkar N, Thawani V, Hingorani L, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee--a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Phytomedicine 2003;10:3-7. PubMed
- Liu JJ, Nilsson A, Oredsson S, et al. Boswellic acids trigger apoptosis via a pathway dependent on caspase-8 activation but independent on Fas/Fas ligand interaction in colon cancer HT-29 cells. Carcinogenesis 2002;23:2087-93. PubMed
- Wildfeuer A, Neu IS, Safayhi H, et al. Effects of boswellic acids extracted from a herbal medicine on the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Arzneimittelforschung 1998;48:668-74.
- Gupta I, Parihar A, Malhotra P, et al. Effects of gum resin of Boswellia serrata in patients with chronic colitis. Planta Med 2001;67:391-5. PubMed
- Sengupta K, Alluri KV, Satish AR, et al. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin. Arthritis Res Ther 2008;10:R85.
- Sengupta K, Krishnaraju AV, Vishal AA, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 5-Loxin and Aflapin against osteoarthritis of the knee: a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical study. Int J Med Sci 2010;7:366-77.
- Ernst E. Frankincense: systematic review. BMJ 2008;337:a2813. PubMed
- Kirste S, Treier M, Wehrle SJ, et al. Boswellia serratea extract acts on cerebral edema in patients irradiated for brain tumors: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial. Cancer 2011;117:3788-95.
- Frank A, Unger M. Analysis of frankincense from various Boswellia species with inhibitory activity on human drug metabolising cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry after automated on-line extraction. J Chromatogr A 2006;111 PubMed
- Altmann A, Poeckel D, Fischer L, et al. Coupling of boswellic acid-incuded Ca2+ mobilisation and MAPK activation to lipid metabolism and peroxide formation in human leucocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2004;141:223-32.
- El Fortia, M., Badi, H., Elalem, Kh, Kadiki, O., and Topov, Y. Olibanum bezoar: complication of a traditional popular medicine. East Mediterr.Health J 2006;12(6):927-929.
- Meshkat S, Mahmoodi Baram S, Rajaei S, et al. Boswellia serrata extract shows cognitive benefits in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial in individuals who suffered traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2022;36(4):553-559. PubMed
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Valente IVB, Garcia D, Abbott A, et al. The anti-proliferative effects of a frankincense extract in a window of opportunity phase ia clinical trial for patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024;204(3):521-530. PubMed
American Ginseng 12 references
- Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ. Phenelzine and the dream machine-ramblings and reflections. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1985;5:65. PubMed
- Jones BD, Runikis AM. Interaction of ginseng with phenelzine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987;7:201-2. PubMed
- Janetzky K, Morreale AP. Probable interaction between warfarin and ginseng. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1997;54:692-3. PubMed
- Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, et al. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1009-13. PubMed
- Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper JL, et al. Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1221-6. PubMed
- Chan LY, Chiu PY, Lau TK. An in-vitro study of ginsenoside Rb(1)-induced teratogenicity using a whole rat embryo culture model. Hum Reprod 2003;18:2166-8..
- McElhaney JE, Gravenstein S, Cole SK, et al. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Proprietary Extract of North American Ginseng (CVT-E002) to Prevent Acute Respiratory Illness in Institutionalized Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:13-9. PubMed
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