Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Immunity Boost Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Revive

Immunity Boost label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Immunity Boost against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Immunity Boost is a dietary supplement by Revive with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for toothache and oral pain, digestive upset, antimicrobial and antifungal.Based on those ingredients, 1,147 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Clove, Eucalyptus, Cinnamon. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Immunity Boost by Revive

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Immunity Boost by Revive — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Immunity Boost by Revive

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “Immunity Boost” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (60 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Revive Immunity Boost is a liquid supplement with 5 active ingredients. Clove, rosemary, eucalyptus, lemon, and cinnamon are all herbal plant extracts traditionally used to support immune and respiratory function.

The product contains no inactive fillers or other ingredients listed—just the active herbal blend.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Memory — rated "Possibly Effective" (Rosemary) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Clove) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for these ingredients' effectiveness is limited. Clove shows possibly effective data for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), but evidence is insufficient to rate its use for cough, acute pain, or indigestion.

Rosemary is possibly effective for memory support, though evidence is insufficient for age-related cognitive decline, hair loss, or fatty liver disease. Eucalyptus, lemon, and cinnamon all lack sufficient reliable evidence to rate their effectiveness for the conditions listed—including acne, bronchitis, asthma, hay fever, anxiety, high blood pressure, kidney stones, and diabetes.

If you're considering this product for a specific health concern, talk with your pharmacist or doctor about what the research actually supports.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Clove Rosemary Eucalyptus Lemon Cassia Cinnamon

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

When used in food amounts, these ingredients are generally well tolerated. Clove is safe as a spice but can be toxic in concentrated or medicinal doses—clove oil at just 5–10 mL can be toxic in children.

Topically and as food, clove rarely causes problems, though it may burn or irritate skin. Rosemary is safe in culinary amounts; concentrated extracts and undiluted oils require caution and can rarely trigger occupational asthma or allergic reactions.

Eucalyptus oil, especially undiluted, can cause serious toxicity if swallowed—as little as 1 mL of the undiluted oil can cause central nervous system depression, seizures, or death. Lemon as food is safe for most people, though regular fresh lemon juice (60 mL twice daily) has caused heartburn and stomach upset in about a third of trial participants.

Cinnamon in food is fine, but high medicinal doses carry a small risk of liver harm due to its coumarin content. None of these ingredients have adequate safety data in pregnancy and lactation except clove and cinnamon, both rated likely safe.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Clove Rosemary Eucalyptus Lemon Cassia Cinnamon

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Rosemary, Clove, Lemon, Eucalyptus, Cassia Cinnamon.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,148 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check your medications against this product if you take antidiabetes drugs (insulin, metformin, glyburide, or similar), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel), drugs that rely on liver metabolism (especially those using CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, or CYP2C9 enzymes), or drugs toxic to the liver. Also mention it to your pharmacist if you take antifungals like itraconazole.

These interactions are mostly theoretical—not confirmed in humans—but worth checking your exact prescriptions before you start.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Immunity Boost works with common culinary herbs, but if you take blood thinners, diabetes medications, or drugs metabolized by major liver enzymes, you need to check this product with your pharmacist first. Avoid this supplement if you're pregnant (rosemary and eucalyptus lack safety data), and never drink the liquid form undiluted—eucalyptus oil can be poisonous.

If you have asthma or a history of seizures, talk with your doctor before starting.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 21, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Immunity Boost, straight from the product label.

Brand Revive
Net contents 10 Milliliter(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 21, 2025
DSLD ID 331402
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Immunity Boost by Revive, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Drop(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Drop(s)
Servings per container
170
IngredientAmount% DV
Clove0 NP--
Rosemary0 NP--
Eucalyptus0 NP--
Lemon0 NP--
Cinnamon0 NP--
Immunity Boost60 mg--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

Essential Oil Supplement

Formula

100% Essential Oil Blend 100% Pure Therapeutic Grade Essential Oil

Precautions

Caution: Possible skin sensitivity. Avoid contact with eyes, inner ears and sensitive areas. Avoid sunlight and UV rays for up to 12 hours after applying.

Keep out of reach of children.

If pregnant or under a doctor's care, consult your physician.

General Statements

Made with love #GoRevive

Formulation

Bottled in the USA

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Immunity Boost by Revive label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Immunity Boost label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Immunity Boost by Revive

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container170 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Immunity Boost

60 mg per serving
Interaction report

Immunity Boost by Revive Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Immunity Boost?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,147Drugs
1,147 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Clove 977
Eucalyptus 878
Cinnamon 442
Rosemary 372
Lemon 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Immunity Boost interact with 1,147 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 5 ingredients in Immunity Boost interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Clove Eucalyptus Cinnamon Rosemary Lemon

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Immunity Boost with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Clove7 drug types · 977 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical and laboratory research suggest that polyphenol extracts from clove flower buds might lower blood glucose levels. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary when taken with clove. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP1A2 in a dose-dependent manner,. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, inhibits CYP2C9 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP2D6 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that eugenol, a constituent of clove, has antiplatelet activity. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)

Theoretically, topical application of clove oil with ibuprofen might increase the absorption and side effects of topical ibuprofen.
Laboratory research shows that topical application of clove oil increases the absorption of topical ibuprofen. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Clove full monograph & interactions

Eucalyptus7 drug types · 878 drugs

Amphetamines

Theoretically, inhaling eucalyptol may reduce the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Animal research suggests that inhaling eucalyptol may reduce the levels of amphetamines in the blood.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, eucalyptus leaf might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that eucalyptus leaf might have hypoglycemic activity, and might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP1A2, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP2C19, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP2C9, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP3A4, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, inhaling eucalyptol might reduce the effectiveness of pentobarbital.
Animal research suggests that inhaling eucalyptol reduces the level of pentobarbital that reaches the brain.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Eucalyptus full monograph & interactions

Cinnamon2 drug types · 442 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, cassia cinnamon may have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Cassia cinnamon may lower blood glucose levels, and have additive effects in patients treated with antidiabetic agents. Dose adjustments to diabetes medications might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
There is some concern that ingesting large amounts of cassia cinnamon for an extended duration might cause hepatotoxicity in some people. Cassia cinnamon contains coumarin, which can cause hepatotoxicity in animal models. In humans, very high doses of coumarin from 50-7000 mg/day can result in hepatotoxicity that resolves when coumarin use is discontinued. Lower amounts might also cause liver problems in sensitive people, such as those with liver disease or those taking potentially hepatotoxic agents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cinnamon full monograph & interactions

Rosemary6 drug types · 372 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, rosemary may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that rosemary inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking rosemary with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that rosemary extract can decrease blood glucose levels in diabetic models. However, research in humans is conflicting. Although rosemary powder decreased blood glucose levels in healthy adults, no change in blood glucose levels was seen in adults with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as aspirin.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as choline magnesium trisalicylate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Salsalate (Disalcid)

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as salsalate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that rosemary induces CYP1A2 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Rosemary full monograph & interactions

Lemon1 drug type · 1 drug

Itraconazole (Sporanox)

Theoretically, taking itraconazole capsules or tablets with a beverage containing lemon might increase the levels and clinical effects of itraconazole.
In one case report, dissolving itraconazole tablets in a small amount of specific beverages containing lemon prior to administration increased the level of itraconazole in a lung transplant patient. In this case, the increased bioavailability was desirable and was likely due to improved tablet dissolution in the acidic beverage.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lemon full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Immunity Boost, from the product label.

Revive

See all Revive products
Name
Revive
Street Address
201 California St
City
San Francisco
State
California
Web Address
www.revive-eo.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Immunity Boost by Revive: Common Questions

Does Immunity Boost by Revive interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Immunity Boost has a known interaction with 1,147 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Immunity Boost contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant?
Clove and cinnamon are rated likely safe in pregnancy, but rosemary and eucalyptus don't have enough safety data, and lemon's pregnancy safety isn't rated. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, especially if you're planning to use this regularly.
Does this actually boost immunity?
The evidence we hold doesn't establish that these ingredients boost immunity as a whole. Clove shows possibly effective data for a specific hospital-related lung infection (VAP), and rosemary is possibly effective for memory, but evidence is insufficient for most other uses this product might suggest. Your pharmacist can point you to what the research actually supports.
Can I use this if I take diabetes medication?
Not without checking with your pharmacist first. Clove, rosemary, eucalyptus, and cinnamon all theoretically lower blood sugar, which could add to your medication's effect and raise your low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) risk. Your doctor may need to adjust your dose.
What are the most common side effects?
When these herbs are used as food or diluted topically, side effects are rare. Clove oil can burn or irritate skin. Lemon juice taken in medicinal amounts caused heartburn or stomach upset in about 1 in 3 people in one trial. Eucalyptus and rosemary in concentrated form can trigger allergic reactions or, rarely, asthma symptoms in sensitive people.
Is this safe for children?
Clove oil is particularly dangerous for children—as little as 5–10 mL can cause toxicity. Eucalyptus oil is also risky for young kids. Food-spice amounts of these herbs are much safer, but if your child is sick or on medication, ask your pharmacist before trying any herbal product.
What is this liquid supplement actually made of?
It's a blend of five herbal extracts: clove, rosemary, eucalyptus, lemon, and cinnamon. There are no fillers or other inactive ingredients listed. Each brings its own traditional uses, though the evidence for immune support overall is limited.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Immunity Boost label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Immunity Boost’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Clove

Interacts with 977 drugs

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main compound, eugenol. Food amounts are general...

Read the full Clove monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Rosemary

Interacts with 372 drugs

Rosemary is a fragrant Mediterranean herb that is safe and flavorful in normal food amounts. Some early research suggests possible benefits for memory, mood, and hair growth, but the evidenc...

Read the full Rosemary monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Eucalyptus

Interacts with 878 drugs

Eucalyptus is best known for its strong-smelling oil used in vapor rubs, inhalants, and lozenges to ease coughs and congestion. It may provide mild, short-term relief of cold symptoms, but t...

Read the full Eucalyptus monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lemon

Interacts with 1 drug

Lemon is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and citric acid, and it is widely used in food, drinks, and home remedies. While it can support hydration and a healthy diet...

Read the full Lemon monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cassia Cinnamon

Interacts with 442 drugs

Cassia cinnamon is the common, inexpensive cinnamon used in cooking, and it is also taken as a supplement, most often for blood sugar support. The evidence for its health benefits is mixed a...

Read the full Cassia Cinnamon monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Immunity Boost's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 91 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Clove 26 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  3. Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
  4. Chen SJ, Wang MH, Chen IJ. Antiplatelet and calcium inhibitory properties of eugenol and sodium eugenol acetate. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:629-33. PubMed
  5. Malson JL, Lee EM, Murty R, et al. Clove cigarette smoking: biochemical, physiological, and subjective effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;74:739-45. PubMed
  6. Kirsch CM, Yenokida GG, Jensen WA, et al. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to the intravenous administration of clove oil. Thorax 1990;45:235-6. PubMed
  7. Pallares, D. E. Link between clove cigarettes and urticaria? Postgrad.Med 10-1-1999;106(4):153. PubMed
  8. Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629. PubMed
  9. Sanchez-Perez, J. and Garcia-Diez, A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from eugenol, oil of cinnamon and oil of cloves in a physiotherapist. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41(6):346-347. PubMed
  10. Andersen, K. E., Johansen, J. D., Bruze, M., Frosch, P. J., Goossens, A., Lepoittevin, J. P., Rastogi, S., White, I., and Menne, T. The time-dose-response relationship for elicitation of contact dermatitis in isoeugenol allergic individuals. Toxicol.Appl PubMed
  11. Alqareer, A., Alyahya, A., and Andersson, L. The effect of clove and benzocaine versus placebo as topical anesthetics. J Dent 2006;34(10):747-750. PubMed
  12. Lane, B. W., Ellenhorn, M. J., Hulbert, T. V., and McCarron, M. Clove oil ingestion in an infant. Hum.Exp Toxicol. 1991;10(4):291-294. PubMed
  13. Quirce, S., Fernandez-Nieto, M., del, Pozo, V, Sastre, B., and Sastre, J. Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by eugenol in a hairdresser. Allergy 2008;63(1):137-138. PubMed
  14. Srivastava, K. C. and Malhotra, N. Acetyl eugenol, a component of oil of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) inhibits aggregation and alters arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1991;42(1):73-81. PubMed
  15. Dyrbye, B. A., Dubois, L., Vink, R., and Horn, J. A patient with clove oil intoxication. Anaesth.Intensive Care 2012;40(2):365-366.
  16. Guidotti, T. L., Laing, L., and Prakash, U. B. Clove cigarettes. The basis for concern regarding health effects. West J Med 1989;151(2):220-228.
  17. Anonymous. Evaluation of the health hazard of clove cigarettes. Council on Scientific Affairs. JAMA 12-23-1988;260(24):3641-3644. DOI
  18. Romaguera, C., Alomar, A., Camarasa, J. M., Garcia, Bravo B., Garcia, Perez A., Grimalt, F., Guerra, P., Lopez, Gorretcher B., Pascual, A. M., Miranda, A., and . Contact dermatitis in children. Contact Dermatitis 1985;12(5):283-284. PubMed
  19. Hackett, P. H., Rodriguez, G., and Roach, R. C. Clove cigarettes and high-altitude pulmonary edema. JAMA 6-28-1985;253(24):3551-3552. DOI
  20. Isaacs, G. Permanent local anaesthesia and anhidrosis after clove oil spillage. Lancet 4-16-1983;1(8329):882. PubMed
  21. Saeed, S. A. and Gilani, A. H. Antithrombotic activity of clove oil. J Pak Med Assoc 1994;44(5):112-115.
  22. Hartnoll, G., Moore, D., and Douek, D. Near fatal ingestion of oil of cloves. Arch.Dis Child 1993;69(3):392-393. PubMed
  23. Srivastava, K. C. Antiplatelet principles from a food spice clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) [corrected]. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1993;48(5):363-372.
  24. Jiang Q, Wu Y, Zhang H, et al. Development of essential oils as skin permeation enhancers: penetration enhancement effect and mechanism of action. Pharmaceutical Biol. 2017;55(1):1592-1600. PubMed
  25. Mohan R, Jose S, Mulakkal J, Karpinsky-Semper D, Swick AG, Krishnakumar IM. Water-soluble polyphenol-rich clove extract lowers pre- and post-prandial blood glucose levels in healthy and prediabetic volunteers: an open label pilot study. BMC Complement Alt PubMed
  26. Alharbi NFM, Ahad A, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of eugenol on cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 activity in human liver microsomes. Saudi Pharm J 2024;32(7):102118. PubMed

See these in context on the Clove monograph →

Rosemary 20 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
  3. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  4. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  5. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  6. Cartier LC, Lehrer A, Malo JL. Occupational asthma caused by aromatic herbs. Allergy 1996;51:647-9. DOI
  7. Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. J Neurol 1999;246:667-70. PubMed
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See these in context on the Rosemary monograph →

Eucalyptus 23 references
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See these in context on the Eucalyptus monograph →

Lemon 2 references
  1. Ruggenenti P, Caruso MR, Cortinovis M, et al. Fresh lemon juice supplementation for the prevention of recurrent stones in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: A pragmatic, prospective, randomised, open, blinded endpoint (PROBE) trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021;4 PubMed
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See these in context on the Lemon monograph →

Cassia Cinnamon 20 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
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  8. Akilen, R., Tsiami, A., Devendra, D., and Robinson, N. Glycated haemoglobin and blood pressure-lowering effect of cinnamon in multi-ethnic Type 2 diabetic patients in the UK: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Diabet.Med. 2010; PubMed
  9. Lu T, Sheng H Wu J Cheng Y Zhu J Chen Y. Cinnamon extract improves fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Res. 2012;32(6):408-412. PubMed
  10. Choi, J., Lee, K. T., Ka, H., Jung, W. T., Jung, H. J., and Park, H. J. Constituents of the essential oil of the Cinnamomum cassia stem bark and the biological properties. Arch Pharm Res 2001;24(5):418-423.
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  12. Stoecker BR, Zhan Z, Luo R, et al. Cinnamon extract lowers blood glucose in hyperglycemic subjects. FASEB J. 2010;22:722.1 (Abstract only). DOI
  13. Admani S, Hill H, Jacob SE. Cinnamon Sugar Scrub Dermatitis: "Natural" Is Not Always Best. Pediatr Dermatol. 2017;34(1):e42-e43. PubMed
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  15. Vandersall A, Katta R. Eyelid dermatitis as a manifestation of systemic contact dermatitis to cinnamon. Dermatitis. 2015 Jul-Aug;26(4):189. PubMed
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  18. Shekarchizadeh-Esfahani P, Heydarpour F, Izadi F, Jalili C. The effect of cinnamon supplementation on liver enzymes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2021;58:102699. PubMed
  19. Bernaola J, Valverde-Monge M, Otal-Buesa M, Cullen D, Heras-Mendaza F. Cinnamon allergic contact cheilitis. Contact Dermatitis 2023;88(5):418-419. PubMed
  20. Patel K, Howard M, Tate B. Cheilitis caused by allergic contact dermatitis to cinnamon in chai tea: A case report. Contact Dermatitis 2023;88(3):239-240. PubMed

See these in context on the Cassia Cinnamon monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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