Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 2 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Joint Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Nikken Wellness Kenzen

Joint label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Oct 7, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Joint against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Joint is a dietary supplement by Nikken Wellness Kenzen with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for osteoarthritis, joint pain and stiffness, cartilage support.Based on those ingredients, 1,031 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Boswellia, Glucosamine Sulfate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Joint by Nikken Wellness Kenzen

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Joint by Nikken Wellness Kenzen — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Joint by Nikken Wellness Kenzen

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 13, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “High Potency CM Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (675 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This softgel contains 8 active ingredients. Glucosamine sulfate and boswellia are the two ingredients with published interaction and effectiveness data.

The product also includes cetyl myristoleate, cetyl myristate, cetyl oleate, other cetyl esters, and methylsulfonylmethane — compounds marketed for joint support, though we hold no interaction data for these. The softgels also contain inactive ingredients: extra virgin olive oil, beeswax, gelatin, glycerin, water, titanium dioxide, and chlorophyll (these are fillers, binders, and capsule materials).

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: joint mobility and flexibility support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Joint pain, Knee pain, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cartilage health, joint stiffness.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Glucosamine is rated "Likely Effective" for Osteoarthritis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Boswellia Serrata is rated "Possibly Effective" for Osteoarthritis.
  • Also on file: Boswellia Serrata is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Knee pain.

Glucosamine sulfate is rated likely effective for osteoarthritis. For other conditions — aging skin, back pain, cancer, and metabolic liver disease — the evidence in our data is insufficient to rate it.

Boswellia is rated possibly effective for osteoarthritis. For allergic rhinitis (hay fever), Alzheimer disease, asthma, and cluster headache, evidence is insufficient to rate.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Glucosamine Boswellia Serrata

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Glucosamine is generally well tolerated by most adults when taken by mouth. The most common side effects are bloating, constipation, cramps, diarrhea, heartburn, and nausea.

Rarely, allergic reactions occur — a review found that 72% of adverse reports involved hypersensitivity reactions, ranging from mild (itching, hives) to severe (shortness of breath, low blood pressure), with anaphylaxis reported in 1.5% of cases. Cases of asthma flare-ups have also been reported.

Boswellia is generally well tolerated short-term. Common side effects include abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, heartburn, itching, and nausea.

Dizziness and vertigo have been reported in clinical studies. There is not enough safety data for either ingredient during pregnancy, so it's best to avoid.

Safety during breastfeeding is also unknown — avoid unless your doctor advises otherwise.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Glucosamine Boswellia Serrata

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Boswellia Serrata, Glucosamine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,032 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take warfarin (Coumadin) or other blood thinners — glucosamine may increase their effect and your bleeding risk. Also ask about any cancer drugs you take (especially topoisomerase II inhibitors), antidiabetes medications, acetaminophen (Tylenol), or any drug metabolized by the liver's CYP enzymes (boswellia may slow this down).

These are conversations to have with your own pharmacist or doctor, not with us.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may be worth considering if you have osteoarthritis and want to try glucosamine and boswellia together. However, if you take warfarin, antidiabetes medications, certain cancer drugs, or anything metabolized by your liver, you need to clear this with your doctor or pharmacist first — the interactions are real and can affect how your drugs work.

Talk it over with your own healthcare provider before starting.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 22, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Joint, straight from the product label.

Brand Nikken Wellness Kenzen
Barcode (UPC) #15141
Net contents 90 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 22, 2024
DSLD ID 307076
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Joint by Nikken Wellness Kenzen, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
3 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
#15141
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories11 Calorie(s)--
Calories from Fat11 Calorie(s)--
Total Fat1.12 Gram(s)1.7%
Cetyl Myristoleate0 NP--
Cetyl Myristate0 NP--
Cetyl Oleate0 NP--
High Potency CM Complex675 mg--
Other Cetyl Esters0 NP--
Cetyl Ester0 NP--
Glucosamine Sulfate150 mg--
Methylsulfonylmethane75 mg--
Boswellia75 mg--

Other ingredients: Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Beeswax, Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Titanium Dioxide, Chlorophyll

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommended use: Take 3 softgels daily, preferably 1 with each meal. If desired, increase daily dose to 3 softgels twice daily until desired effects have been achieved, then reduce to 3 softgels daily.

Precautions

If you are allergic to any of these ingredients, or are pregnant or nursing, consult a doctor before taking nutritional supplements.

If you are allergic to any of these ingredients, or are pregnant or nursing, consult a doctor before taking nutritional supplements.

As with any dietary supplements, keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place at room temperature.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Real Diehl

Formula

CM Complex is endorsed by the estate of Harry W. Diehl, the National Institutes of Health researcher who discovered cetyl myristoleate.

Formulation

Super lubricant helps improve mobility

Gluten free

Made in USA

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

Copyright 2015 Nikken Inc.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Joint by Nikken Wellness Kenzen label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Joint label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Joint by Nikken Wellness Kenzen

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size3 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

High Potency CM Complex

675 mg per serving
  • › Cetyl Myristoleate
  • › Cetyl Myristate
  • › Cetyl Oleate
  • › Other Cetyl Esters
  • › Cetyl Ester

Glucosamine Sulfate

Interacts with
170 drugs
150 mg per serving Form: Cetyl Ester

Glucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of...

Glucosamine Sulfate monograph & interactions

Methylsulfonylmethane

75 mg per serving Form: Cetyl Ester

Boswellia

Interacts with
954 drugs
75 mg per serving Form: Cetyl Ester

Boswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoart...

Boswellia monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Beeswax, Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Titanium Dioxide, Chlorophyll. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Joint by Nikken Wellness Kenzen Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Joint?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,031Drugs
2 Major 960 Moderate 69 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Boswellia 954
Glucosamine Sulfate 170

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Joint interact with 1,031 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 8 ingredients in Joint interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Boswellia Glucosamine Sulfate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Joint with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Boswellia6 drug types · 954 drugs

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2C9 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata gum resin inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes. Other in vitro research shows that Boswellia serrata extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes at most concentrations, although it may modestly induce enzyme activity at low concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might alter the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Some in vitro research suggests that Boswellia serrata extracts might inhibit mediators of autoimmune disorders such as leukotrienes and reduce production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. However, other in vitro research suggests that, when coupled with calcium ions, boswellic acids containing the keto group have immunostimulant properties within specific cell signaling pathways.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Boswellia full monograph & interactions

Glucosamine Sulfate4 drug types · 170 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In two individual case reports, glucosamine/chondroitin combinations were associated with a significant increase in international normalized ratio (INR) in patients previously stabilized on warfarin. In one case, the increase in INR occurred only after tripling the dose of a glucosamine/chondroitin supplement from 500 mg/400 mg daily to 1500/1200 mg daily. Additionally, 20 voluntary case reports to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have linked glucosamine plus chondroitin with increased INR, bruising, and bleeding in patients who were also taking warfarin. There have also been 20 additional case reports to the World Health Organization (WHO) that link glucosamine alone to increased INR in patients taking warfarin. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear. Glucosamine is a small component of heparin, but is not thought to have anticoagulant activity; however, animal research suggests that it might have antiplatelet activity.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Topoisomerase Ii Inhibitors

Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
In vitro research suggests that glucosamine might induce resistance to etoposide (VP16, VePesid) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by reducing inhibition of topoisomerase II, an enzyme required for DNA replication in tumor cells. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)

Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Anecdotal reports suggest that adding glucosamine to an acetaminophen regimen might decrease pain control in patients with osteoarthritis. Some research suggests that the sulfate portion of glucosamine sulfate might contribute to its effect in osteoarthritis. Since acetaminophen metabolism requires sulfur and reduces serum sulfate concentrations, acetaminophen could theoretically interfere with the action of glucosamine sulfate. Conversely, the administration of sulfate could theoretically decrease the effectiveness of acetaminophen in sulfate-deficient people by increasing its clearance.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research has suggested that glucosamine might increase insulin resistance or decrease insulin production. This has raised concerns that taking glucosamine might worsen diabetes and decrease the effectiveness of diabetes drugs. However, clinical research suggests that glucosamine does not have adverse effects on blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in healthy, obese, or type 2 diabetes patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Glucosamine Sulfate full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Joint, from the product label.

Nikken Wellness Kenzen

See all Nikken Wellness Kenzen products
Name
Nikken Inc.
Street Address
18301 Von Karman Ave. #120
City
Irvine
State
CA
ZipCode
92612
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Joint by Nikken Wellness Kenzen: Common Questions

Does Joint by Nikken Wellness Kenzen interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Joint has a known interaction with 1,031 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Joint contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product really help with joint pain?
Glucosamine sulfate in this product is rated likely effective for osteoarthritis, and boswellia is rated possibly effective for it. The evidence for other joint conditions like back pain isn't established in our data. Results vary between people, and quality varies between products.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. There isn't enough safety data for glucosamine or boswellia during pregnancy, so both are best avoided. Safety during breastfeeding is also unknown — avoid unless your doctor advises otherwise.
What are the most common side effects?
Glucosamine commonly causes bloating, constipation, cramps, diarrhea, heartburn, and nausea. Boswellia commonly causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, heartburn, itching, and nausea. Both are generally well tolerated, but side effects do happen.
Can I take this with acetaminophen (Tylenol)?
Acetaminophen might reduce glucosamine's pain-relief effect by interfering with the sulfate portion of glucosamine sulfate. It's a Minor interaction, but worth discussing with your pharmacist to see if there's a better pairing for your pain control.
What are the cetyl esters in this product?
Cetyl myristoleate, cetyl myristate, cetyl oleate, and other cetyl esters are fatty compounds marketed for joint support. We don't hold interaction data for these ingredients, so we can't check them against your medications.
Is there anything in this product besides the active ingredients?
Yes — the softgels also contain extra virgin olive oil, beeswax, gelatin, glycerin, water, titanium dioxide, and chlorophyll as inactive ingredients (fillers and capsule materials).

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Joint is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Joint label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Joint’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Glucosamine

Interacts with 170 drugs

Glucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of the knee. The evidence is mixed, with so...

Read the full Glucosamine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Boswellia Serrata

Interacts with 954 drugs

Boswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help with osteoarthritis symptoms, but the overall evidenc...

Read the full Boswellia Serrata monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Joint's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 74 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glucosamine 58 references
  1. Adams ME. Hype about glucosamine. Lancet 1999;354:353-4. PubMed
  2. Balkan B, Dunning BE. Glucosamine inhibits glucokinase in vitro and produces a glucose-specific impairment of in vivo insulin secretion in rats. Diabetes 1994;43:1173-9. PubMed
  3. Giaccari A, Morviducci L, Zorretta D, et al. In vivo effects of glucosamine on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in the rat: possible relevance to the maladaptive responses to chronic hyperglycaemia. Diabetologia 1995;38:518-24. PubMed
  4. Holmang A, Nilsson C, Niklasson M, et al. Induction of insulin resistance by glucosamine reduces blood flow but not interstitial levels of either glucose or insulin. Diabetes 1999;48:106-11. PubMed
  5. Houpt JB, McMillan R, Wein C, Paget-Dellio SD. Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2423-30.
  6. Barclay TS, Tsourounis C, McCart GM. Glucosamine. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:574-9.
  7. Shankar RR, Zhu JS, Baron AD. Glucosamine infusion in rats mimics the beta-cell dysfunction of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1998;47:573-7.
  8. Almada A, Harvey P, Platt K. Effects of chronic oral glucosamine sulfate on fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI) in non-diabetic individuals. FASEB J 2000;14:A750.
  9. Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC, et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:251-6.
  10. Does glucosamine increase serum lipid levels and blood pressure? Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2001;17(11):171115.
  11. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  12. Monauni T, Zenti MG, Cretti A, et al. Effects of glucosamine infusion on insulin secretion and insulin action in humans. Diabetes 2000;49:926-35. PubMed
  13. Pouwels MJ, Jacobs JR, Span PN, et al. Short-term glucosamine infusion does not affect insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2099-103. DOI
  14. Yun J, Tomida A, Nagata K, Tsuruo T. Glucose-regulated stresses confer resistance to VP-16 in human cancer cells through a decreased expression of DNA topoisomerase II. Oncol Res 1995;7:583-90.
  15. Pavelka K, Gatterova J, Olejarova M, et al. Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: A 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:2113-23. PubMed
  16. Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Asthma exacerbation associated with glucosamine-chondroitin supplement. J Am Board Fam Pract 2002;15:481-4..
  17. Scroggie DA, Albright A, Harris MD. The effect of glucosamine-chondroitin supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2003; PubMed
  18. Hoffer LJ, Kaplan LN, Hamadeh MJ, et al. Sulfate could mediate the therapeutic effect of glucosamine sulfate. Metabolism 2001;50:767-70.. PubMed
  19. Yu JG, Boies SM, Olefsky JM. The effect of oral glucosamine sulfate on insulin sensitivity in human subjects. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1941-2. PubMed
  20. Danao-Camara T. Potential side effects of treatment with glucosamine and chondroitin. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:2853. PubMed
  21. Guillaume MP, Peretz A. Possible association between glucosamine treatment and renal toxicity: comment on the letter by Danao-Camara. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2943-4. PubMed
  22. Rozenfeld V, Crain JL, Callahan AK. Possible augmentation of warfarin effect by glucosamine-chondroitin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:306-307. PubMed
  23. Tannis AJ, Barban J, Conquer JA. Effect of glucosamine supplementation on fasting and non-fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in healthy individuals. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004;12:506-11. PubMed
  24. Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
  25. Stumpf JL, Lin SW. Effect of glucosamine on glucose control. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:694-8. PubMed
  26. Pham T, Cornea A, Blick KE, et al. Oral glucosamine in doses used to treat osteoarthritis worsens insulin resistance. Am J Med Sci 2007;333:333-9. PubMed
  27. Muniyappa R, Karne RJ, Hall G, et al. Oral glucosamine for 6 weeks at standard doses does not cause or worsen insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction in lean or obese subjects. Diabetes 2006;55:3142-50. PubMed
  28. Knudsen J, Sokol GH. Potential glucosamine-warfarin interaction resulting in increased international normalized ratio: Case report and review of the literature and MedWatch database. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28:540-8. PubMed
  29. Yue QY, Strandell J, Myrberg O. Concomitant use of glucosamine potentiates the effect of warfarin. Jan 2006. Drug Safety 29(10):911-1010. DOI
  30. Rozendaal RM, Koes BW, van Osch GJVM, et al. Effect of glucosamine sulfate on hip osteoarthritis: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:268-77. PubMed
  31. Baron AD, Zhu JS, Zhu JH, et al. Glucosamine induces insulin resistance in vivo by affecting GLUT 4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Implications for glucose toxicity. J Clin Invest 1995;96(6):2792-801. PubMed
  32. Nelson BA, Robinson KA, Buse MG. High glucose and glucosamine induce insulin resistance via different mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetes 2000;49(6):981-91. PubMed
  33. Giordano N, Fioravanti A, Papakostas P, et al. The efficacy and tolerability of glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2009;70(3):185-196. PubMed
  34. Shaygannejad, V., Janghorbani, M., Savoj, M. R., and Ashtari, F. Effects of adjunct glucosamine sulfate on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis progression: preliminary findings of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurol Res 2010;32(9):981-985. PubMed
  35. Cahlin, B. J. and Dahlstrom, L. No effect of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joints--a randomized, controlled, short-term study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;112(6):760-766. PubMed
  36. Cerda C, Bruguera M, Parés A. Hepatotoxicity associated with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(32):5381-4. PubMed
  37. Hochberg MC, Martel-Pelletier J, Monfort J, Möller I, Castillo JR, Arden N,Berenbaum F, Blanco FJ, Conaghan PG, Doménech G, Henrotin Y, Pap T, Richette P, Sawitzke A, du Souich P, Pelletier JP; on behalf of the MOVES Investigation Group. Combined chondroi
  38. von Felden J, Montani M, Kessebohm K, Stickel F. Drug-induced acute liver injury mimicking autoimmune hepatitis after intake of dietary supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013;51(3):219-23. PubMed
  39. Provenza JR, Shinjo SK, Silva JM, Peron CR, Rocha FA. Combined glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, once or three times daily, provides clinically relevant analgesia in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2015;34:1455-62. PubMed
  40. Ossendza RA, Grandval P, Chinoune F, Rocher F, Chapel F, Bernardini D. [Acute cholestatic hepatitis due to glucosamine forte]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2007 Apr;31(4):449-50.
  41. Audimoolam VK, Bhandari S. Acute interstitial nephritis induced by glucosamine. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21(7):2031. PubMed
  42. Greenlee H, Crew KD, Shao T, Kranwinkel G, Kalinsky K, Maurer M, Brafman L, Insel B, Tsai WY, Hershman DL. Phase II study of glucosamine with chondroitin on aromatase inhibitor-associated joint symptoms in women with breast cancer. Support Care Cancer 201 PubMed
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