Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 9 of 12 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

MetabolicZyme Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Allergy Research Group

MetabolicZyme label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking MetabolicZyme against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

MetabolicZyme is a dietary supplement by Allergy Research Group with 12 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive support for protein digestion, wound cleaning (debridement of dead tissue), sore throat and inflammation.Based on those ingredients, 822 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Isoflavones, Shiitake Mushroom Powder, Bromelain. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against MetabolicZyme by Allergy Research Group

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with MetabolicZyme by Allergy Research Group — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of MetabolicZyme by Allergy Research Group

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 12 of its 12 active ingredients.
  • “Pancreatin” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (100 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

MetabolicZyme contains 12 active ingredients, most of them digestive enzymes: amylase, papain, bromelain, protease, lipase, pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and pancreatin (which is itself a blend of enzymes). It also includes the plant compounds rutin and shiitake mushroom powder, plus an extract of Venus' Fly Trap leaves.

These are mixed with inactive ingredients—dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, ethyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide—which serve as binders and fillers in the tablet.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: digestive support with enzyme formulation.
  • We looked for evidence on: Dyspepsia, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Postoperative swelling, Sprains, Wound healing, Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) — and 4 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Papain is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Papain is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Wound healing.
  • Also on file: Lipase is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Dyspepsia.

The evidence supporting MetabolicZyme's ingredients is limited. Papain, bromelain, protease, pepsin, trypsin, and rutin all show insufficient reliable evidence for the conditions they're traditionally used for—cancer, wound healing, muscle soreness, diabetes, and others.

Lipase and shiitake mushroom similarly lack solid evidence for their listed uses. The only exception is chymotrypsin, which is rated effective for cataracts, but the evidence for most other uses of that enzyme is also insufficient.

In short, the science backing these ingredients for their intended purposes isn't established in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Papain Bromelain Rutin Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Chymotrypsin Trypsin Lipase Shiitake Mushroom

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 9 of the 9 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 9 of 9.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 9 of 9.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most of MetabolicZyme's enzymes are generally well tolerated at appropriate doses short-term, but long-term safety data are limited. The most common adverse effects are digestive—diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, gas, and stomach upset.

Papain and bromelain may trigger allergic reactions in sensitive people, ranging from itchy eyes and sneezing to, rarely, serious reactions like anaphylaxis. Shiitake mushroom can cause abdominal discomfort, bloating, and diarrhea; eating it raw may cause a skin eruption called shiitake dermatitis.

High doses of papain may be unsafe and can rarely cause severe stomach inflammation or esophageal damage. For pregnancy: avoid papain (concentrated products and unripe papaya are of concern), bromelain, protease, pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and rutin unless your doctor advises otherwise.

Lipase and shiitake have limited safety data in pregnancy—talk with your doctor. For breastfeeding: avoid papain (not enough data), bromelain, protease, pepsin, chymotrypsin, and trypsin unless medically advised; lipase and rutin also have limited data, so check with your healthcare provider.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Papain Bromelain Rutin Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Chymotrypsin Trypsin Lipase Shiitake Mushroom

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 9 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Papain, Rutin, Shiitake Mushroom, Kudzu, Bromelain.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 823 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking MetabolicZyme, double-check with a pharmacist if you take warfarin or other blood thinners, antiplatelet drugs like aspirin, diabetes medications, immunosuppressant drugs, tetracycline antibiotics, or any medication metabolized by the liver enzyme CYP2D6. Papain and bromelain carry the most serious risks with blood thinners and bleeding medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

MetabolicZyme is a blend of digestive enzymes with several documented interactions, especially with blood thinners and diabetes drugs. If you take warfarin, anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, diabetes medications, or immunosuppressants, check with us before starting.

The evidence for what these enzymes actually do isn't strong, and they may upset your digestion. Talk with your pharmacist about whether this product fits your needs and whether it's safe with your current medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 10 of 12 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 25, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about MetabolicZyme, straight from the product label.

Brand Allergy Research Group
Barcode (UPC) 713947749603
Net contents 900 Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Apr 25, 2013
DSLD ID 20471
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for MetabolicZyme by Allergy Research Group, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Tablet(s)
Servings per container
900
UPC/BARCODE
713947749603
IngredientAmount% DV
Amylase20000 USP--
Papain60 mg--
Bromelain45 mg--
Protease20000 USP--
Lipase1600 USP--
Rutin50 mg--
Pepsin10 mg--
Chymotrypsin1 mg--
Trypsin24 mg--
Pancreatin100 mg--
Shiitake Mushroom Powder25 mg--
Venus' Fly Trap (Leaves) Extract10 mg--
Isoflavones10 mg--

Other ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Ethyl Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

MetabolicZyme is a powerful enzyme formulation, with both broad-spectrum pancreatic anzymes and plant-based proteolytic enzymes, and with additional nutrients.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use As a dietary supplement, 1 to 3 tablets with meals, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner.

Storage

Keep in a cool, dry place, tightly capped.

FDA Statement of Identity

dietary supplement

General

Rev. 002

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

MetabolicZyme by Allergy Research Group label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

MetabolicZyme label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in MetabolicZyme by Allergy Research Group

These are the 12 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container900 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Papain

Interacts with
2 drugs
60 mg per serving

Papain is a protein-digesting enzyme from the papaya plant that is used in digestive supplements and some topical products. While it has clear food an...

Papain monograph & interactions

Bromelain

Interacts with
141 drugs
45 mg per serving

Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early st...

Bromelain monograph & interactions

Rutin

Interacts with
86 drugs
50 mg per serving

Rutin is a plant flavonoid (often taken from buckwheat or citrus) that people use mainly for blood vessel and circulation problems like varicose veins...

Rutin monograph & interactions

Pepsin

No known
interactions
10 mg per serving

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), tr...

Pepsin monograph & interactions

Chymotrypsin

No known
interactions
1 mg per serving

Chymotrypsin is a protein-digesting (proteolytic) enzyme, usually taken from the pancreas of cattle or pigs, that is mainly used to help reduce swelli...

Chymotrypsin monograph & interactions

Trypsin

No known
interactions
24 mg per serving

Trypsin is a protein-digesting enzyme usually taken from the pancreas of animals and used either by mouth (often combined with other enzymes like chym...

Trypsin monograph & interactions

Pancreatin

100 mg per serving

Shiitake Mushroom Powder

Interacts with
312 drugs
25 mg per serving

Shiitake is a popular edible mushroom that is nutritious and safe to eat as food for most people. Some of its extracts (like lentinan and AHCC) have b...

Shiitake Mushroom Powder monograph & interactions

Venus' Fly Trap (Leaves) Extract

10 mg per serving

Isoflavones

Interacts with
584 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Soy

Kudzu is a fast-growing vine whose root has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and is now studied mostly for reducing alcohol intake. Earl...

Isoflavones monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Ethyl Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

MetabolicZyme by Allergy Research Group Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against MetabolicZyme?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
822Drugs
816 Moderate 6 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Isoflavones 584
Shiitake Mushroom Powder 312
Bromelain 141
Rutin 86
Papain 2

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in MetabolicZyme interact with 822 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 12 ingredients in MetabolicZyme interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Isoflavones Shiitake Mushroom Powder Bromelain Rutin Papain

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in MetabolicZyme with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Isoflavones7 drug types · 584 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Kudzu isoflavones are reported to have antiplatelet activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Caffeine

Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
In healthy males injected with the kudzu constituent puerarin, caffeine clearance and metabolism is inhibited. This effect has been attributed to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme, which is involved in caffeine metabolism. It is unclear if taking kudzu orally would have this same effect.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, kudzu might alter the effects of estrogen therapy.
Some research suggests that kudzu has estrogenic effects. This may enhance or inhibit the effects of estrogen therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
There is some concern that kudzu can adversely affect the liver.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)

Theoretically, taking kudzu with methotrexate might increase the risk of methotrexate toxicity.
Preclinical research suggests that kudzu extract greatly reduces the elimination and increases the toxicity of methotrexate. Kudzu might inhibit organic anion transporters (OATs) that are responsible for hepatobiliary and renal excretion of anions, similar to the interaction between methotrexate and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, kudzu might interfere with tamoxifen activity.
Some research suggests that kudzu may have estrogenic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking kudzu with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Kudzu might lower blood glucose levels and have additive effects in patients treated with antidiabetic agents. The dose of diabetes medications might need to be adjusted.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Isoflavones full monograph & interactions

Shiitake Mushroom Powder2 drug types · 312 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, shiitake mushroom might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro studies suggest that the shiitake mushroom extract AHCC might induce the CYP2D6 enzyme. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, taking shiitake mushroom might decrease the effects of immunosuppressive therapy.
In vitro evidence suggests that shiitake mushroom extracts stimulate immune function.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Shiitake Mushroom Powder full monograph & interactions

Bromelain2 drug types · 141 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There is one case report of a patient experiencing minor bruising while taking bromelain with naproxen. Bromelain is thought to have antiplatelet activity. Whether this interaction is of concern with topical bromelain is unclear. Interference with coagulation of burn wounds has been reported in a patient receiving bromelain-based enzymatic debridement. However, observational research has found that topical bromelain debridement is not associated with increases or decreases in laboratory markers of coagulation when compared with surgical debridement.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Laboratory research suggests that bromelain might increase the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. However, a study in healthy adults reported no difference in tetracycline plasma levels when a 500 mg dose was taken with or without bromelain 80 mg.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Bromelain full monograph & interactions

Rutin1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that rutin has hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Rutin full monograph & interactions

Papain1 drug type · 2 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, papain might increase the effects and side effects of warfarin.
In one case report, a patient previously stable on warfarin was found to have an international normalization ratio (INR) of 7.4, which was attributed to ingestion of a supplement containing papain from papaya extract.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Papain full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for MetabolicZyme, from the product label.

Allergy Research Group

See all Allergy Research Group products
Name
Allergy Research Group
City
Alameda
State
CA
ZipCode
94502
Web Address
www.allergyresearchgroup.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

MetabolicZyme by Allergy Research Group: Common Questions

Does MetabolicZyme by Allergy Research Group interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, MetabolicZyme has a known interaction with 822 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
MetabolicZyme contains 12 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will MetabolicZyme help my digestion?
The product contains several digestive enzymes—amylase, lipase, protease, pepsin, and others—which are meant to aid digestion. However, the evidence supporting these enzymes for digestive complaints isn't strong in our data. If you have persistent digestive trouble, talk with your doctor or pharmacist to figure out what's really going on.
Can I take MetabolicZyme if I'm on warfarin?
No, not without checking with your pharmacist or doctor first. Papain in this product may increase warfarin's effects and your bleeding risk. One case report shows a patient's blood-clotting level shot dangerously high after taking a papain supplement while on warfarin. Do not start this product on your own.
What's the most common side effect?
Digestive upset—diarrhea, gas, nausea, and stomach discomfort are the most common adverse effects reported. These usually happen with oral use. If they don't settle in a few days or get worse, stop and talk with your pharmacist.
Is MetabolicZyme safe during pregnancy?
Most of the enzymes in this product don't have enough safety data in pregnancy to recommend them, so it's best to avoid it unless your doctor says otherwise. Papain and bromelain specifically carry safety concerns and should be avoided. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting if you're pregnant or trying to become pregnant.
What's the difference between the enzymes in this product—papain, bromelain, protease, and others?
They're all digestive enzymes meant to break down different nutrients. Papain comes from papaya, bromelain from pineapple. Protease, pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin are all proteases, meaning they break down proteins. Lipase breaks down fats, and amylase breaks down carbohydrates. Pancreatin is a blend of all three types.
Can MetabolicZyme lower my blood sugar?
Theoretically, yes—rutin, one ingredient in this product, may have blood-sugar-lowering effects based on animal research. If you take diabetes medications, this could increase your risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Discuss this with your pharmacist or doctor before starting.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if MetabolicZyme is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

MetabolicZyme label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind MetabolicZyme’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Papain

Interacts with 2 drugs

Papain is a protein-digesting enzyme from the papaya plant that is used in digestive supplements and some topical products. While it has clear food and laboratory uses, strong human evidence...

Read the full Papain monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bromelain

Interacts with 141 drugs

Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early studies are promising, but the overall evi...

Read the full Bromelain monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Rutin

Interacts with 86 drugs

Rutin is a plant flavonoid (often taken from buckwheat or citrus) that people use mainly for blood vessel and circulation problems like varicose veins and hemorrhoids. The evidence is limite...

Read the full Rutin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...

Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Chymotrypsin

Chymotrypsin is a protein-digesting (proteolytic) enzyme, usually taken from the pancreas of cattle or pigs, that is mainly used to help reduce swelling and support healing after injury or s...

Read the full Chymotrypsin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Trypsin

Trypsin is a protein-digesting enzyme usually taken from the pancreas of animals and used either by mouth (often combined with other enzymes like chymotrypsin and bromelain) for swelling and...

Read the full Trypsin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lipase

Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...

Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Shiitake Mushroom

Interacts with 312 drugs

Shiitake is a popular edible mushroom that is nutritious and safe to eat as food for most people. Some of its extracts (like lentinan and AHCC) have been studied as immune support, mainly al...

Read the full Shiitake Mushroom monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Kudzu

Interacts with 584 drugs

Kudzu is a fast-growing vine whose root has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and is now studied mostly for reducing alcohol intake. Early research is promising for cutting back...

Read the full Kudzu monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

MetabolicZyme's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 147 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Papain 11 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, Murray V. Traditional remedies and food supplements: a 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf 1997;17:342-56.
  3. Shuttleworth D, Hill S, Marks R, Connelly DM. Relief of experimentally induced pruritus with a novel eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic agents. Br J Dermatol 1988;119:535-40.
  4. Mansfield LE, Ting S, Haverly RW, Yoo TJ. The incidence and clinical implications of hypersensitivity to papain in an allergic population, confirmed by blinded oral challenge. Ann Allergy 1985;55:541-3.
  5. Martin, T., Uhder, K., Kurek, R., Roeddiger, S., Schneider, L., Vogt, H. G., Heyd, R., and Zamboglou, N. Does prophylactic treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduce acute toxicity of adjuvant pelvic irradiation? Results of a double-blind randomized trial PubMed
  6. Walker-Renard, P. Update on the medicinal management of phytobezoars. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(10):1663-1666.
  7. Tymoszuk D, Wiszniewska M, Walusiak-Skorupa J. Papain-induced occupational rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma - A case report. Med Pr 2016;67(1):109-12. PubMed
  8. Soto-Mera MT, López-Rico MR, Filgueira JF, et al. Occupational allergy to papain. Allergy 2000;55(10):983-4. PubMed
  9. Tarlo SM, Shaikh W, Bell B, et al. Papain-induced allergic reactions. Clin Allergy 1978;8(3):207-15. PubMed
  10. Baur X, König G, Bencze K, Fruhmann G. Clinical symptoms and results of skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test in thirty-three papain workers: Evidence for strong immunogenic potency and clinically relevant proteolytic e?ects of airborne papain. C
  11. Novey HS, Keenan WJ, Fairshter RD, Wells ID, Wilson AF, Culver BD. Pulmonary disease in workers exposed to papain: clinico-physiological and immunological studies. Clin Allergy 1980;10(6):721-31. PubMed

See these in context on the Papain monograph →

Bromelain 19 references
  1. Nettis E, Napoli G, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. IgE-mediated allergy to bromelain. Allergy 2001;56:257-8. PubMed
  2. Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;22:191-203.. PubMed
  3. Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ. The effect of bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:552-4. PubMed
  4. Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
  5. Brien S, Lewith G, Walker AF, et al. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM 2006;99:841-50. PubMed
  6. Mori S, Ojima Y, Hirose T, et al. The clinical effect of proteolytic enzyme containing bromelain and trypsin on urinary tract infection evaluated by double blind method. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1972;19:147-53.
  7. Glaser D, Hilberg T. The influence of bromelain on platelet count and platelet activity in vitro. Platelets 2006;17:37-41. PubMed
  8. Heinicke R M, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia 1972;28:844-5. PubMed
  9. Gailhofer, G., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Smolle, J., and Ludvan, M. Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. Clin Allergy 1988;18(5):445-450. PubMed
  10. Mattei, O., Fabri, G., and Farina, G. [Occupational health experience regarding four cases of asthma due to bromelain (author's transl)]. Medicina del Lavoro 1979;70(5):404-409.
  11. Galleguillos, F. and Rodriguez, J. C. Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation. Clin Allergy 1978;8(1):21-24. PubMed
  12. Perez-Camo I, Quirce S, Duran MA, and et al. Latex allergy: evidence of cross-reactivity with papain and bromelain [abstract]. Allergy 1996;51(suppl 31):48.
  13. Martin GJ, Ehrenreich J, and Asbell N. Bromelain: pineapple proteases with anti-edema activity. Exp Med Surg 1962;20:227-247.
  14. Kasemsuk T, Saengpetch N, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Improved WOMAC score following 16-week treatment with bromelain for knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Oct;35(10):2531-40. PubMed
  15. Kutlu Ö, DemirbaS A, Elmas ÖF, Güvenç U, Metin A. Fixed drug eruption: a new side effect of bromelain. Contact Dermatitis 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
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Trypsin 17 references
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Kudzu 21 references
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