Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 7 of 10 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Probiotic Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by It Works!

Probiotic label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Probiotic against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Probiotic is a dietary supplement by It Works! with 10 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive health and balance, diarrhea (including antibiotic-related), vaginal yeast and bacterial infections.Based on those ingredients, 561 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Chlorophyll, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Bifidobacterium breve Bb-03. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Probiotic by It Works!

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Probiotic by It Works! — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Probiotic by It Works!

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 10 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Probiotic Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Prebiotic Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (260 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

It Works! Probiotic contains 10 active ingredients: three Lactobacillus species (acidophilus NCFM, gasseri LG-36, and plantarum LP-115), two Bifidobacterium species (breve Bb-03 and lactis Bl-04), plus kale, spinach, watercress, chlorophyll, and two proprietary blends—one labeled as a probiotic blend and one as a prebiotic blend.

The probiotics are live microorganisms intended to support gut health, while the plant ingredients (kale, spinach, watercress, chlorophyll) contribute nutrients and phytocompounds. The inactive ingredients are microcrystalline cellulose, hypromellose, stearic acid, and silica—standard capsule fillers and binders.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: targeted digestive and immune health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Bacterial vaginosis, Celiac disease, Clostridioides difficile infection, Colic, Colostomy odor — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Lactobacillus Acidophilus is rated "Possibly Effective" for Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Lactobacillus Acidophilus is rated "Possibly Effective" for Bacterial vaginosis.
  • Also on file: Chlorophyll is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Colostomy odor, Constipation.

Evidence for most claims in this product is limited. Lactobacillus acidophilus is rated Possibly Effective for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Helicobacter pylori infection, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and bacterial vaginosis, but Possibly Ineffective for atopic disease (allergies and eczema), and there's Insufficient Reliable Evidence for its use in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Bifidobacterium breve is rated Possibly Ineffective for age-related cognitive decline and sepsis, with Insufficient Reliable Evidence for allergic rhinitis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and atopic disease. Lactobacillus gasseri carries only Insufficient Reliable Evidence ratings across all conditions listed—allergic rhinitis, aspirin-related stomach damage, asthma, bacterial vaginosis, common cold, and diarrhea.

Kale, spinach, watercress, and chlorophyll all show Insufficient Reliable Evidence for their listed uses, meaning the science hasn't established whether they work for those purposes in this formulation.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Lactobacillus Acidophilus Bifidobacterium Breve Lactobacillus Gasseri Kale Spinach Chlorophyll Watercress

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is generally well tolerated in healthy adults and children, though rare cases of serious infection (bacteremia, sepsis, liver abscess, endocarditis) have been reported—mostly thought to stem from bacteria already in the body crossing into the bloodstream rather than from the supplement itself. Minor gastrointestinal side effects including bloating, gas, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are uncommon but possible when probiotics are combined.

Bifidobacterium breve is generally well tolerated in healthy people but warrants caution in those who are very ill or immunocompromised; rare bacteremia has occurred in critically ill infants and preterm infants. Kale and spinach as food are considered likely safe in pregnancy and lactation and well tolerated when eaten normally.

Watercress is rated Likely Unsafe in pregnancy due to limited safety data and should be avoided; food amounts are considered safe while breastfeeding. Chlorophyll should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding—safety data are insufficient.

Chlorophyll's most common side effect is photosensitization (increased sun sensitivity); rare pseudoporphyria (blistering on sun-exposed skin) has occurred. Data on safety of Lactobacillus gasseri and Bifidobacterium breve during pregnancy and lactation are not on file.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Lactobacillus Acidophilus Bifidobacterium Breve Lactobacillus Gasseri Kale Spinach Chlorophyll Watercress

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Watercress, Spinach, Chlorophyll, Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Bifidobacterium Breve, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 561 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take warfarin (or other blood thinners affected by vitamin K), antidiabetes drugs, antibiotics, photosensitizing medications, methotrexate, lithium, or chlorzoxazone (a muscle relaxant). All of these carry Moderate-severity interactions with one or more ingredients.

Antibiotic users should space doses several hours apart from this probiotic.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This probiotic may be worth considering if you're interested in supporting digestive health, particularly for IBS or antibiotic-related diarrhea—though evidence is modest. If you take warfarin, antidiabetes medications, antibiotics, lithium, photosensitizing drugs, methotrexate, or a muscle relaxant, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, since interactions are documented.

Probiotics work best when taken separately from antibiotics. Anyone who is very ill, immunocompromised, or pregnant should check with their healthcare provider first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 10 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 22, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Probiotic, straight from the product label.

Brand It Works!
Net contents 30 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 22, 2022
DSLD ID 276845
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Probiotic by It Works!, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM0 NP--
Proprietary Probiotic Blend0 NP--
Kale0 NP--
Spinach0 NP--
Bifidobacterium breve Bb-030 NP--
Chlorophyll0 NP--
Watercress0 NP--
Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-040 NP--
Lactobacillus gasseri LG-360 NP--
Lactobacillus plantarum LP-1150 NP--
Prebiotic Proprietary Blend260 mg--
Orafti P950 NP--

Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hypromellose, Stearic Acid, Silica

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Targeted digestive and immune health

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use As a dietary supplement, take one (1) capsule daily, preferably with a meal or as directed by a healthcare practitioner. Continued daily use is suggested. Capsule may be opened and mixed into cool drink or food. Do not add to warm or hot foods or beverages.

Precautions

Caution Consult your physician if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medications, or have a medical condition.

This product should not be used by those with immune problems unless directed by a physician. For use by adults only.

Warning Safety sealed in a tamper-evident foil pouch. Do not use if foil or pouch is punctured.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Protect from heat, light, and moisture. Store at 15-30 degrees C (59-86 degrees F).

Brand IP Statement(s)

Orafti is a registered trademark of Raffinerie Tirlemontoise.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Recyclable

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Probiotic by It Works! label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Probiotic label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Probiotic by It Works!

These are the 10 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Vegetarian Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Probiotic Blend

0 NP per serving

Prebiotic Proprietary Blend

260 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hypromellose, Stearic Acid, Silica. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Probiotic by It Works! Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Probiotic?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
561Drugs
561 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Chlorophyll 337
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM 182
Bifidobacterium breve Bb-03 182
Lactobacillus gasseri LG-36 182
Spinach 88

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Probiotic interact with 561 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

6 of the 10 ingredients in Probiotic interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Chlorophyll Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM Bifidobacterium breve Bb-03 Lactobacillus gasseri LG-36 Spinach Watercress

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Probiotic with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Chlorophyll2 drug types · 337 drugs

Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)

Theoretically, chlorophyll may reduce the clearance of methotrexate.
In one case report, a 54-year-old male developed delayed clearance of intravenous high-dose methotrexate with concomitant use of chlorophyll. When chlorophyll was stopped 2 days prior to methotrexate treatment, methotrexate clearance was unaffected.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of chlorophyll with photosensitizing drugs may have additive effects.
Chlorophyll has been reported to cause photosensitization. In two case reports, pseudoporphyria developed after oral intake of chlorophyll. Theoretically, concomitant use with other photosensitizing drugs may exacerbate this effect.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Chlorophyll full monograph & interactions

Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. acidophilus.
L. acidophilus preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. acidophilus preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM full monograph & interactions

Bifidobacterium breve Bb-031 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Bifidobacterium breve with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. breve.
Since B. breve preparations usually contain live and active organisms, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. breve preparations by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bifidobacterium breve Bb-03 full monograph & interactions

Lactobacillus gasseri LG-361 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus gasseri with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. gasseri.
Lactobacillus gasseri preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. gasseri preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lactobacillus gasseri LG-36 full monograph & interactions

Spinach2 drug types · 88 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

There are claims that spinach leaves have hypoglycemic effects. Evidence from clinical research suggests that consumption of a spinach-rich meal reduces post-meal blood glucose levels. Theoretically, spinach might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary. Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Spinach contains vitamin K, which can interfere with the activity of warfarin.
In human research, although eating spinach with one meal does not result in coagulation test results outside the therapeutic range, daily consumption for one week necessitates dose adjustment of warfarin. Individuals using anticoagulants should consume a consistent daily amount of spinach to maintain the effect of anticoagulant therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Spinach full monograph & interactions

Watercress3 drug types · 6 drugs

Chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte, Paraflex)

Watercress might reduce the metabolism of chlorzoxazone and increase its effects and side effects. Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that a single ingestion of watercress 50 grams increases the chlorzoxazone plasma concentration-time curve by about 56% and increases its half-life by about 53%.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Lithium

Watercress is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, watercress might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Watercress contains vitamin K. Consuming large amounts of watercress might antagonize the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Watercress full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Probiotic, from the product label.

It Works!

See all It Works! products
Name
It Works Marketing, Inc.
City
Palmetto
State
FL
ZipCode
34221
Phone Number
(800) 537-2395
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Probiotic by It Works!: Common Questions

Does Probiotic by It Works! interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Probiotic has a known interaction with 561 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Probiotic contains 10 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this probiotic while I'm on antibiotics?
Not at the same time. Three probiotic ingredients here—Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, and Lactobacillus gasseri—contain live organisms that antibiotics can kill, making the probiotic less effective. Separate your antibiotic dose from this supplement by a few hours, and talk to your pharmacist about the best timing for your specific antibiotic.
Does this product have any side effects?
Minor gastrointestinal effects like bloating, gas, or loose stools are uncommon but possible when taking probiotics. Chlorophyll may cause photosensitization—increased sensitivity to sunlight—and in rare cases has triggered pseudoporphyria (blistering). Most people tolerate the probiotic ingredients well.
Is this safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Lactobacillus acidophilus is rated Possibly Safe in pregnancy. Kale and spinach as foods are considered safe during both. However, watercress is rated Likely Unsafe in pregnancy, and chlorophyll safety data don't exist for pregnancy or breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor before starting if you're pregnant or nursing.
Will this help my irritable bowel syndrome?
Lactobacillus acidophilus is rated Possibly Effective for IBS, which means there's some evidence but it's not definitive. The other probiotic strains here don't have established evidence for IBS. Results vary from person to person; your doctor can discuss whether a trial makes sense for your situation.
What exactly is in this—is it mostly probiotics?
It contains five probiotic ingredients (three Lactobacillus species and two Bifidobacterium species) plus plant ingredients: kale, spinach, watercress, and chlorophyll. It also includes proprietary probiotic and prebiotic blends, so you're getting both live beneficial bacteria and compounds to feed them.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin?
Spinach and watercress both contain vitamin K, which can reduce warfarin's blood-thinning effect. Daily spinach consumption for a week has required warfarin dose adjustments in studies. If you take warfarin, ask your pharmacist or doctor whether this product is right for you and whether your dose needs monitoring.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Probiotic label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Probiotic’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Interacts with 182 drugs

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy people, and there is reasonable evidence...

Read the full Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bifidobacterium Breve

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bifidobacterium breve is a 'friendly' gut bacterium taken as a probiotic, most often to support digestion and balance the gut microbiome. Some studies suggest possible benefits for certain d...

Read the full Bifidobacterium Breve monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lactobacillus Gasseri

Interacts with 182 drugs

Lactobacillus gasseri is a 'friendly' probiotic bacterium found naturally in the human gut, mouth, and vaginal tract, and in some fermented foods. Early research suggests it may help with di...

Read the full Lactobacillus Gasseri monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Kale

Kale is a nutrient-dense leafy green vegetable that is rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Eaten as a normal food it is very healthy for most people, but it is a whole food...

Read the full Kale monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Spinach

Interacts with 88 drugs

Spinach is a nutrient-dense leafy green that is a healthy part of a balanced diet, providing vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. While it is very safe as a food, concentrated supple...

Read the full Spinach monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Chlorophyll

Interacts with 337 drugs

Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants and algae, and supplements often use a stable form called chlorophyllin. It is most studied for reducing body and fecal odor and as a topical...

Read the full Chlorophyll monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Watercress

Interacts with 6 drugs

Watercress is a nutrient-rich leafy green that provides vitamins A, C, and K plus minerals and antioxidant plant compounds. Eaten as a food it is generally safe and healthy for most people,...

Read the full Watercress monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Probiotic's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 83 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Lactobacillus Acidophilus 15 references
  1. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  2. Begtrup LM, de Muckadell OB, Kjeldsen J, Christensen RD, Jarbøl DE. Long-term treatment with probiotics in primary care patients with irritable bowel syndrome--a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013;48(10):1127-35 PubMed
  3. Chatterjee S, Kar P, Das T, Ray S, Gangulyt S, Rajendiran C, Mitra M. Randomised placebo-controlled double blind multicentric trial on efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12 for prevention of antibiotic-associated
  4. Shavakhi A, Tabesh E, Yaghoutkar A, Hashemi H, Tabesh F, Khodadoostan M,Minakari M, Shavakhi S, Gholamrezaei A. The effects of multistrain probiotic compound on bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized placebo-c
  5. Karamali M, Dadkhah F, Sadrkhanlou M, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Metab 2016;42(4):234-41. PubMed
  6. Badehnoosh B, Karamali M, Zarrati M, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 May;31(9):1128-1136.
  7. Kumar S, Kumar R, Rohilla L, Jacob N, Yadav J, Sachdeva N. A high potency multi-strain probiotic improves glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Pediatr Diabete
  8. Shahriari A, Karimi E, Shahriari M, Aslani N, Khooshideh M, Arab A. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: A parallel double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial PubMed
  9. Xiao SD, Zhang DZ, Lu H, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB in patients with chronic diarrhea. Adv Ther. 2003;20(5):253-60.
  10. Rossi F, Amadoro C, Gasperi M, Colavita G. Lactobacilli infection case reports in the last three years and safety implications. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1178. PubMed
  11. Ozer M, Goksu SY, Shahverdiani A, Mustafa M. Lactobacillus acidophilus-induced endocarditis and associated splenic abscess. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020;2020:1382709.
  12. Sadrin S, Sennoune S, Gout B, et al. A 2-strain mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Dig Liver Dis 2020;52(5):534-540. PubMed
  13. Stoffer JN, Slingsby TJ, Giuliari GP. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab injection requiring intraocular lens explantation. Can J Ophthalmol 2022;57(1):e21-e22. PubMed
  14. Cukovic-Cavka S, Likic R, Francetic I, Rustemovic N, Opacic M, Vucelic B. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a cause of liver abscess in a NOD2/CARD15-positive patient with Crohn's disease. Digestion 2006;73(2-3):107-10.
  15. Hui J, Ren Y, Wang Y, Han Q. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis postcataract operation: A case report with a literature review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023.

See these in context on the Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph →

Kale 2 references
  1. Vitamin K - Health Professional Fact Sheet — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source
  2. Lutein and Zeaxanthin — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source

See these in context on the Kale monograph →

Spinach 6 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Karlson, B., Leijd, B., and Hellstrom, K. On the influence of vitamin K-rich vegetables and wine on the effectiveness of warfarin treatment. Acta Med Scand. 1986;220(4):347-350. PubMed
  3. Roller, E., Meller, S., Homey, B., Ruzicka, T., and Neumann, N. J. [Contact dermatitis caused by spinach, hedge mustard and chives]. Hautarzt 2003;54(4):374-375.
  4. Schuller, A., Morisset, M., Maadi, F., Kolopp Sarda, M. N., Fremont, S., Parisot, L., Kanny, G., and Moneret-Vautrin, D. A. Occupational asthma due to allergy to spinach powder in a pasta factory. Allergy 2005;60(3):408-409. PubMed
  5. Gustafsson, K., Asp, N. G., Hagander, B., and Nyman, M. Satiety effects of spinach in mixed meals: comparison with other vegetables. Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr. 1995;46(4):327-334. PubMed
  6. Schreiber, J., Muller, E., Becker, W. M., Zabel, P., Schlaak, M., and Amthor, M. [Spinach powder-induced exogenous allergic alveolitis]. Pneumologie 1998;52(1):61-65.

See these in context on the Spinach monograph →

Bifidobacterium Breve 9 references
  1. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  2. Xiao JZ, Takahashi S, Odamaki T, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of bifidobacterial strains distributed in the Japanese market. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(2):336-42. PubMed
  3. Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178.
  4. Ohishi A, Takahashi S, Ito Y, et al. Bifidobacterium septicemia associated with postoperative probiotic therapy in a neonate with omphalocele. J Pediatr. 2010;156(4):679-81. PubMed
  5. Sakurai Y, Watanabe T, Miura Y, et al. Clinical and bacteriologic characteristics of six cases of Bifidobacterium breve bacteremia due to probiotic administration in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022;41(1):62-65. PubMed
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Chlorophyll 5 references
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Watercress 34 references
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Lactobacillus Gasseri 12 references
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