TrueCirc Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by NatureCity
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking TrueCirc against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
TrueCirc is a dietary supplement by NatureCity with 10 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for general antioxidant support, skin and hair care, heart health.Based on those ingredients, 791 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin E, AstaReal, EVNol SupraBio. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against TrueCirc by NatureCity
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with TrueCirc by NatureCity — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of TrueCirc by NatureCity
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
TrueCirc contains 10 active ingredients. The bulk of the formula is vitamin E in multiple forms: Vitamin E itself, four individual tocotrienols (D-Gamma, D-Alpha, D-Delta, and D-Beta), and EVNol SupraBio (another tocotrienol blend) plus Total Natural D-Mixed Palm Tocotrienols.
You'll also find Astaxanthin (branded as AstaReal), Vitamin K, Phytosterol Complex, and Plant Squalene. The softgel capsule is made with olive oil, gelatin, glycerin, yellow beeswax, and purified water.
Does it work?
Not established
For vitamin E, the evidence is strongest for vitamin E deficiency and a rare condition called ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) — both rated Effective. There's Possibly Effective evidence for Alzheimer's disease, beta-thalassemia, G6PD deficiency (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency), and intracranial hemorrhage.
For astaxanthin (AstaReal), the evidence is Insufficient — we don't have enough reliable data to rate it for age-related cognitive decline, macular degeneration, aging skin, Alzheimer's, athletic performance, or carpal tunnel syndrome. Tocotrienols (EVNol SupraBio) are rated Possibly Effective for diabetes but Possibly Ineffective for high cholesterol; evidence is Insufficient for alopecia areata and breast cancer.
For vitamin K, the evidence is Effective for conditions involving clotting-factor deficiency and Possibly Effective for osteoporosis.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Vitamin E from food and normal dietary amounts is safe, but the safety notes caution that high-dose long-term supplements may raise the risk of bleeding and other harms. Serious adverse effects from vitamin E are rare but include bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke, and cardiovascular problems.
There's particular concern about a higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke in male smokers who took synthetic vitamin E for 5–8 years, though other studies of 1.4–4.5 years showed no increased stroke risk. High doses increase bleeding risk, especially in people with vitamin K deficiencies or those taking blood thinners.
Astaxanthin appears well tolerated in studies, but long-term safety data are limited. Reported adverse effects include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and red-colored stools; at higher doses (40 mg daily), severe stomach pain was reported.
The safety data advise against astaxanthin in pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Tocotrienols (EVNol SupraBio) are well tolerated in trials with no reported adverse effects, though long-term safety isn't well established; avoid supplemental doses in pregnancy and use cautiously while breastfeeding.
Vitamin K is generally well tolerated and safe in food amounts; you may experience mild nausea, diarrhea, or stomach upset. It is Likely Safe in pregnancy.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking TrueCirc, double-check these medication types with your pharmacist: warfarin and other blood thinners (anticoagulants) — Major concern with vitamin K; antiplatelet drugs like aspirin or clopidogrel and other anticoagulants — Moderate risk of bleeding from vitamin E compounds; chemotherapy drugs that work by generating free radicals (alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide, and antitumor antibiotics like doxorubicin) — Moderate concern that vitamin E may reduce their effectiveness; cyclosporine (an immunosuppressant) — Moderate risk that vitamin E may increase its levels; drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 liver enzymes — Moderate to theoretical risk of reduced effectiveness from vitamin E and astaxanthin; and niacin — Minor concern that vitamin E may reduce its cholesterol-raising effect.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
TrueCirc is primarily a vitamin E formula with added K, astaxanthin, and tocotrienols. If you take warfarin or any blood thinner, talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting — vitamin K here can interfere with your medication's effectiveness.
If you're on chemotherapy, immunosuppressants, or drugs metabolized by your liver, check your specific medications first. It may be reasonable for someone with a documented vitamin E deficiency, but the evidence for other uses is limited or uncertain.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 8 of 10 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 22, 2023.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about TrueCirc, straight from the product label.
| Brand | NatureCity |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 859003007178 |
| Net contents | 60 Softgel(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Mar 22, 2023 |
| DSLD ID | 283374 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Softgel Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for TrueCirc by NatureCity, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin E | 20 mg | 133% |
| D-Gamma Tocotrienol | 46.2 mg | -- |
| D-Alpha-Tocotrienol | 30.9 mg | -- |
| D-Delta-Tocotrienol | 17.3 mg | -- |
| Phytosterol Complex | 8.6 mg | -- |
| D-Beta-Tocotrienol | 5.6 mg | -- |
| Plant Squalene | 18.5 mg | -- |
| AstaReal | 6 mg | -- |
| Vitamin K | 50 mcg | 63% |
| EVNol SupraBio | 636 mg | -- |
| Total Natural D-Mixed Palm Tocotrienols | 100 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Olive Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Yellow Beeswax, Water, Purified
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: Each serving contains two (2) softgels. Take one (1) to two (2) servings per day or as directed by your health care practitioner.
Formula
EVNol SupraBio from red palm oil MenaQ7 Natural vitamin K2 AstaReal The natural astaxanthin of choice
Precautions
Keep out of reach of children
Do not use if seal is broken or missing
Warning: If you are using a blood thinning medication, pregnant or lactating, consult your physician or healthcare professional prior to use.
Storage
Store in a cool dry place
Formulation
Non GMO Gluten free
Artery health support
Seals/Symbols
Assembled in the USA
General Statements
To re-order call toll-free: 1-800-593-2563
BPA free
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Brand IP Statement(s)
EVNol SupraBio is a trademark of ExcelVite Inc. and protected by US patent no. 6,596,306. / AstaReal is a registered trademark of Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. / MenaQ7 is a registered trademark of NattoPharma, Norway; patented in the United States and Canada.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
TrueCirc by NatureCity label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in TrueCirc by NatureCity
These are the 10 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Vitamin E
Interacts with764 drugs
Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correc...
Vitamin E monograph & interactionsPhytosterol Complex
Plant Squalene
AstaReal
Interacts with671 drugs
Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise...
AstaReal monograph & interactionsVitamin K
Interacts with2 drugs
Vitamin K is an essential nutrient your body needs for normal blood clotting and to support healthy bones. Most people get enough from food, but suppl...
Vitamin K monograph & interactionsEVNol SupraBio
Interacts with122 drugs
Tocotrienols are a less common form of vitamin E with strong antioxidant activity studied mostly for cholesterol, liver, and heart health. Early resea...
EVNol SupraBio monograph & interactionsTotal Natural D-Mixed Palm Tocotrienols
Other (inactive) ingredients: Olive Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Yellow Beeswax, Water, Purified. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
TrueCirc by NatureCity Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
TrueCirc by NatureCity contains vitamin E compounds and other ingredients that interact with multiple medication types.
The most serious concern is vitamin K, which can reverse the blood-thinning effects of warfarin (an anticoagulant used to prevent clots). This is a Major-severity interaction — if you take warfarin, you'll need to discuss this product with your pharmacist or doctor before starting it.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
The vitamin E compounds in this product carry Moderate-severity interactions with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (like aspirin, clopidogrel, or other anticoagulants), which may increase bleeding risk. They also may interfere with certain chemotherapy drugs (alkylating agents and antitumor antibiotics), reduce how well cyclosporine (an immunosuppressant) works, and slow the metabolism of drugs processed by your liver's CYP3A4 enzyme — potentially raising their levels.
There's also a Minor concern with niacin, where vitamin E might reduce its cholesterol-raising effect.
Astaxanthin (AstaReal) in this product theoretically may also speed up metabolism of drugs processed by CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 enzymes. Tocotrienols (EVNol SupraBio) carry a Minor risk of increased bleeding with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs, though this hasn't been reported in humans.
We could not check Phytosterol Complex and Plant Squalene — no interaction data are on file for them. Altogether, these interactions span 781 individual medications.
Please use the medication checker on this page to see if any of your specific drugs are affected.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against TrueCirc?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in TrueCirc interact with 791 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 10 ingredients in TrueCirc interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin E AstaReal EVNol SupraBio Vitamin K
WarfarinWarfarin
How Warfarin interacts with TrueCirc — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin KWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
Vitamin K can antagonize and reverse the therapeutic effects of warfarin.
Read the full Vitamin K + Warfarin interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Warfarin interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Warfarin interactionEvnol SuprabioAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Evnol Suprabio + Warfarin interactionWarfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin
How Warfarin Sodium interacts with TrueCirc — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin KWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
Vitamin K can antagonize and reverse the therapeutic effects of warfarin.
Read the full Vitamin K + Warfarin Sodium interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Warfarin (coumadin) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Warfarin Sodium interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Warfarin Sodium interactionEvnol SuprabioAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Evnol Suprabio + Warfarin Sodium interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Abciximab interactionEvnol SuprabioAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Evnol Suprabio + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Abemaciclib interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Abiraterone interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Abrocitinib interactionEvnol SuprabioAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Evnol Suprabio + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acalabrutinib interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acalabrutinib interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acenocoumarol interactionEvnol SuprabioAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Evnol Suprabio + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionEvnol SuprabioAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Evnol Suprabio + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with TrueCirc — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionD-beta-tocotrienolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionEvnol SuprabioAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Evnol Suprabio + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Cold Plus Cough, Tylenol Cold Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic GG
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylephrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS, Histex SR, Protid
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic, Rhinogesic JR
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
D-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlumadrine, Conex, Sinadrin Max Strength, Sinulin
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with TrueCirc — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AstarealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astareal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionD-beta-tocotrienolCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full D-beta-tocotrienol + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in TrueCirc with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Vitamin E
Alkylating Agents
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs which generate free radicals, such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, busulfan, and thiotepa. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Vitamin E seems to inhibit of platelet aggregation and antagonize the effects of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. These effects appear to be dose-dependent, and are probably only likely to be clinically significant with doses of at least 800 units daily. Mixed tocopherols, such as those found in food, might have a greater antiplatelet effect than alpha-tocopherol. RRR alpha-tocopherol (natural vitamin E) 1000 IU daily antagonizes vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Advise patients to avoid high doses of vitamin E, especially in people with low vitamin K intake or other risk factors for bleeding.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs such as doxorubicin, which generate free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
A specific form of vitamin E might increase absorption and levels of cyclosporine.
There is some evidence that one specific formulation of vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopheryl-polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate, TPGS, tocophersolan, Liqui-E) might increase absorption of cyclosporine. This vitamin E formulation forms micelles which seems to increase absorption of cyclosporine by 40% to 72% in some patients. However, this interaction is unlikely to occur with the usual forms of vitamin E.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Vitamin E appears to bind with the nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), which results in increased expression of CYP3A4. Although the clinical significance of this is not known, use caution when considering concomitant use of vitamin E and other drugs affected by these enzymes.
Selumetinib (Koselugo)
Taking selumetinib with vitamin E can result in a total daily dose of vitamin E that exceeds safe limits and therefore might increase the risk of bleeding.
Selumetinib contains 48-54 IU vitamin E per capsule. The increased risk of bleeding with vitamin E appears to be dose-dependent. Be cautious when using selumetinib in combination with supplemental vitamin E, especially in patients at higher risk of bleed, such as those with chronic conditions and those taking antiplatelet drugs.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Using vitamin E with warfarin might increase the risk of bleeding.
Due to interference with production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, use of more than 400 IU of vitamin E daily with warfarin might increase prothrombin time (PT), INR, and the risk of bleeding,. At a dose of 1000 IU per day, vitamin E can antagonize vitamin K-dependent clotting factors even in people not taking warfarin. Limited clinical evidence suggests that doses up to 1200 IU daily may be used safely by patients taking warfarin, but this may not be applicable in all patient populations.
Niacin
Vitamin E might decrease the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in people with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50%. Vitamin E alone combined with a statin does not seem to decrease HDL levels. It is not known whether the adverse effect on HDL is due to one of the other antioxidants or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.
AstaReal
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces cytochrome CYP2B6 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces CYP3A4 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.
EVNol SupraBio
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding. However, this has not been reported in humans.
Taking tocotrienols orally inhibits experimentally-induced platelet aggregation in humans. Theoretically tocotrienols might increase the risk of bleeding if taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. However, tocotrienols 400-800 mg daily have been used with aspirin and/or clopidogrel for 1 year with no clear cumulative antiplatelet effects and no reports of bleeding.
Vitamin K
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Vitamin K can antagonize and reverse the therapeutic effects of warfarin.
Vitamin K antagonizes the effects of warfarin. Excessive vitamin K intake, either from supplements or from changes in the diet, can reduce the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for TrueCirc, from the product label.
NatureCity
See all NatureCity products- Name
- NatureCity
- Street Address
- 990 S. Rogers Circle
- City
- Boca Raton
- State
- FL
- ZipCode
- 33487
- Phone Number
- 1-800-593-2563
- Web Address
- www.naturecity.com
TrueCirc by NatureCity: Common Questions
Does TrueCirc by NatureCity interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Can I take TrueCirc if I'm pregnant?
Can I take TrueCirc while breastfeeding?
What are tocotrienols, and why are they in this product?
What is astaxanthin (AstaReal), and does it work?
What are the most common side effects of TrueCirc?
If I'm taking niacin for cholesterol, should I avoid TrueCirc?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if TrueCirc is safe with your meds?
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind TrueCirc’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Vitamin E
Interacts with 764 drugsVitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correct a true deficiency, but high-dose vitam...
Read the full Vitamin E monograph → Herb & supplement monographAstaxanthin
Interacts with 671 drugsAstaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...
Read the full Astaxanthin monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin K
Interacts with 2 drugsVitamin K is an essential nutrient your body needs for normal blood clotting and to support healthy bones. Most people get enough from food, but supplements are sometimes used for deficiency...
Read the full Vitamin K monograph → Herb & supplement monographTocotrienols
Interacts with 122 drugsTocotrienols are a less common form of vitamin E with strong antioxidant activity studied mostly for cholesterol, liver, and heart health. Early research is interesting but far from conclusi...
Read the full Tocotrienols monograph →Sources & How We Checked
TrueCirc's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 82 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Vitamin E 64 references
- Kim JM, White RH. Effect of vitamin E on the anticoagulant response to warfarin. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:545-6. PubMed
- Corrigan JJ Jr. The effect of vitamin E on warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982;393:361-8. PubMed
- Corrigan JJ Jr. Coagulation problems relating to vitamin E. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1979;1:169-73.
- Corrigan JJ Jr, Marcus FI. Coagulopathy associated with vitamin E ingestion. JAMA 1974;230:1300-1. DOI
- Labriola D, Livingston R. Possible interactions between dietary antioxidants and chemotherapy. Oncology 1999;13:1003-8.
- Chang T, Benet LZ, Hebert MF. The effect of water-soluble vitamin E on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;59:297-303. PubMed
- Pan SH, Lopez RR Jr, Sher LS, et al. Enhanced oral cyclosporine absorption with water-soluble vitamin E early after liver transplantation. Pharmacother 1996;16:59-65. DOI
- Anon. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Soprawivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999;354:447-55. DOI
- Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL, et al. Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999;354:810-6. DOI
- Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The heart outcomes prevention evaluation study investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:154-60. PubMed
- Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, et al. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study. Lancet 1996;347:781-6.
- The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029-35. PubMed
- Takahashi O. Haemorrhagic toxicity of a large dose of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols, ubiquinone, beta-carotene, retinol acetate and L-ascorbic acid in the rat. Food Chem Toxicol 1995;33:121-8.
- Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
- Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1216-22. PubMed
- Liede KE, Haukka JK, Saxen LM, Heinonen OP. Increased tendency towards gingival bleeding caused by joint effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation and acetylsalicylic acid. Ann Med 1998;30:542-6.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069351/html/.
- Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
- Liu M, Wallmon A, Olsson-Mortlock C, et al. Mixed tocopherols inhibit platelet aggregation in humans: potential mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:700-6. PubMed
- Sokol RJ, Johnson KE, Karrer FM, et al. Improvement of cyclosporin absorption in children after liver transplantation by means of water-soluble vitamin E. Lancet 1991;338:212-4.. PubMed
- Stein JH, Carlsson CM, Papcke-Benson K, et al. The effects of lipid-lowering and antioxidant vitamin therapies on flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery in older adults with hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:1806-13.. PubMed
- Carlsson CM, Papcke-Benson K, Carnes M, et al. Health-related quality of life and long-term therapy with pravastatin and tocopherol (vitamin E) in older adults. Drugs Aging 2002;19:793-805. . PubMed
- Cheung MC, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Antioxidant supplements block the response of HDL to simvastatin-niacin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and low HDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1320-6. PubMed
- Schrogie JJ. Coagulopathy and fat-soluble vitamins (letter). JAMA 1975;232:19. DOI
- Celestini A, Pulcinelli FM, Pignatelli P, et al. Vitamin E potentiates the antiplatelet activity of aspirin in collagen-stimulated platelets. Haematologica 2002;87:420-6.
- Stampfer MJ, Jakubowski JA, Faigel D, et al. Vitamin E supplementation effect on human platelet function, arachidonic acid metabolism, and plasma prostacyclin levels. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;47:700-6. PubMed
- Jandak J, Steiner M, Richardson PD. Alpha-tocopherol, an effective inhibitor of platelet adhesion. Blood 1989;73:141-9. DOI
- Freedman JE, Farhat JH, Loscalzo J, Keaney JF. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits aggregation of human platelets by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. Circulation 1996;94:2434-40. PubMed
- Steiner M. Vitamin E, a modifier of platelet function: rationale and use in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Nutr Rev 1999;57:306-9. PubMed
- Brodkin RH, Bleiberg J. Sensitivity to topically applied vitamin E. Arch Dermatol 1965;92:76-7. DOI
- Booth SL, Golly I, Sacheck JM, et al. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on vitamin K status in adults with normal coagulation status. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:143-8. PubMed
- Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, et al. Meta-analysis: High-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:60520-53. PubMed
- Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S, et al. HOPE and HOPE-TOO Trial Investigators. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;293:1338-47. PubMed
- Landes N, Pfluger P, Kluth D, et al. Vitamin E activates gene expression via the pregnane X receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;65:269-73. . PubMed
- Brigelius-Flohe R. Vitamin E and drug metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;305:737-40. PubMed
- Prasad KN. Rationale for using high-dose multiple dietary antioxidants as an adjunct to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. J Nutr 2004;134:3182S-3S. PubMed
- Conklin KA. Cancer chemotherapy and antioxidants. J Nutr 2004;134:3201S-3204S. PubMed
- Schurks M, Glynn RJ, Rist PM, et al. Effects of vitamin E on stroke subtypes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMJ 2010;341: c5702. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c5702.
- Lawson KA, Wright ME, Subar A, et al. Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:754-64. PubMed
- Gaziano JM, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, et al. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of prostate total cancer in men: the physicians' health study II randomised controlled trial. JAMA 2009;301:52-62.
- Hayden KM, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Wengreen HJ, et al; Cache County Investigators. Risk of mortality with vitamin E supplements: the Cache County study. Am L Med 2007;120:180-4. PubMed
- Smedts HP, de Vries JH, Rakhshandehroo M, et al. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG 2009;116:416-23. PubMed
- Klein EA, Thompson IM Jr, Tangen CM, et al. Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA 2011;306:1549-56. PubMed
- Huang, H. Y., Caballero, B., Chang, S., Alberg, A. J., Semba, R. D., Schneyer, C. R., Wilson, R. F., Cheng, T. Y., Vassy, J., Prokopowicz, G., Barnes, G. J., and Bass, E. B. The efficacy and safety of multivitamin and mineral supplement use to prevent ca
- Sesso, H. D., Buring, J. E., Christen, W. G., Kurth, T., Belanger, C., MacFadyen, J., Bubes, V., Manson, J. E., Glynn, R. J., and Gaziano, J. M. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomiz
- Papaioannou, D., Cooper, K. L., Carroll, C., Hind, D., Squires, H., Tappenden, P., and Logan, R. F. Antioxidants in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorec PubMed
- Cooper, K., Squires, H., Carroll, C., Papaioannou, D., Booth, A., Logan, R. F., Maguire, C., Hind, D., and Tappenden, P. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol.Assess. 2010;14(32):1-206. PubMed
- Mathew, M. C., Ervin, A. M., Tao, J., and Davis, R. M. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation for preventing and slowing the progression of age-related cataract. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;6:CD004567. PubMed
- Rahimi, R., Nikfar, S., Rezaie, A., and Abdollahi, M. A meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of combined vitamin C and E supplementation in preeclamptic women. Hypertens.Pregnancy. 2009;28(4):417-434. PubMed
- Soares, K. V. and McGrath, J. J. Vitamin E for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2001;(4):CD000209. DOI
- Roed-Petersen, J. and Hjorth, N. Contact dermatitis from antioxidants. Br.J.Dermatol. 1976;94(3):233-241. PubMed
- Brion, L. P., Bell, E. F., Raghuveer, T. S., and Soghier, L. What is the appropriate intravenous dose of vitamin E for very-low-birth-weight infants? J.Perinatol. 2004;24(4):205-207. PubMed
- Manny, T., Pettus, J., Hemal, A., Marks, M., and Mirzazadeh, M. Penile sclerosing lipogranulomas and disfigurement from use of "1Super Extenze" among Laotian immigrants. J.Sex Med. 2011;8(12):3505-3510. PubMed
- Musso, G., Cassader, M., Rosina, F., and Gambino, R. Impact of current treatments on liver disease, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Diabe PubMed
- Bell, E. F. Upper limit of vitamin E in infant formulas. J.Nutr. 1989;119(12 Suppl):1829-1831. PubMed
- Manzano, D., Aguirre, A., Gardeazabal, J., Eizaguirre, X., and Diaz Perez, J. L. Allergic contact dermatitis from tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) and retinol palmitate (vitamin A) in a moisturizing cream. Contact Dermatitis 1994;31(5):324.
- Barak, Y., Swartz, M., Shamir, E., Stein, D., and Weizman, A. Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a statistical meta-analysis. Ann.Clin.Psychiatry 1998;10(3):101-105.
- Chae CU, Albert CM, Moorthy MV, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and the risk of heart failure in women. Circ Heart Fail. 2012;5(2):176-82. PubMed
- Rumbold A, Ota E, Hori H, Miyazaki C, Crowther CA. Vitamin E supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(9):CD004069. PubMed
- Prescribing information: KOSELUGO (selumetinib) capsules. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213756s000lbl.pdf.
- Warshaw EM, Ruggiero JL, DeKoven JG, et al. Patch testing with tocopherol and tocopherol acetate: the North American Contact Dermatitis Group experience, 2001 to 2016. Dermatitis. 2021;32(5):308-18. PubMed
- US Preventive Services Task Force, Mangione CM, Barry MJ, et al. Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 2022;327(23):2326-2333. PubMed
- Abrol R, Kaushik R, Goel D, Sama S, Kaushik RM, Kala M. Vitamin E-induced coagulopathy in a young patient: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023;17(1):107. PubMed
- Abtahi-Naeini B, Rastegarnasab F, Saffaei A. Liquid vitamin E injection for cosmetic facial rejuvenation: A disaster report of lipogranuloma. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022;21(11):5549-5554. PubMed
Astaxanthin 3 references
- Kupcinskas L, Lafolie P, Lignell A, et al. Efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled
- Kistler, A., Liechti, H., Pichard, L., Wolz, E., Oesterhelt, G., Hayes, A., and Maurel, P. Metabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. Arch.Toxicol. 2002;75(11-12):665-675. PubMed
- Choi HD, Youn YK, Shin WG. Positive effects of astaxanthin on lipid profiles and oxidative stress in overweight subjects. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2011;66:363-369. PubMed
Vitamin K 11 references
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Tocotrienols 4 references
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