Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Cough Syrup Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Gaia Herbs

Cough Syrup label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Cough Syrup against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Cough Syrup is a dietary supplement by Gaia Herbs with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for cough and sore throat, wound and burn care, soothing minor skin irritation.Based on those ingredients, 1,209 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Eucalyptus Aerial Parts Essential Oil, Honey, Thyme Aerial Parts Essential Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Cough Syrup by Gaia Herbs

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Cough Syrup by Gaia Herbs — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Cough Syrup by Gaia Herbs

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Essential Oil Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (8 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This liquid cough syrup contains 7 ingredients, including honey, English Ivy Leaf Extract, Black Elderberry Fruit Extract, South African Geranium Root Extract, and essential oils from eucalyptus, Scotch pine, and thyme. Honey, a traditional throat soother, has possibly effective evidence for cough.

English Ivy Leaf Extract and the essential oils are included for respiratory support, though the evidence for their effectiveness in cough or bronchitis is not established in the data we hold. The product also contains inactive ingredients: water and lemon juice concentrate.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: respiratory and immune support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Asthma, Bronchitis, Common cold, Cough, Influenza, Laryngitis — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Honey is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cough (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Honey is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Rhinosinusitis.
  • Also on file: Elderberry is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Respiratory tract infections, Rhinosinusitis, Lower respiratory tract infections.

Honey in this syrup is possibly effective for cough. The other active ingredients — English Ivy Leaf Extract, Black Elderberry Fruit Extract, South African Geranium Root Extract, and the essential oils of eucalyptus, Scotch pine, and thyme — do not have established evidence for cough or respiratory conditions in the data we hold.

If you're taking this for cough relief, the evidence mainly supports the honey component.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Honey English Ivy Eucalyptus Thyme Elderberry

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Honey is generally well tolerated and considered safe as a food for adults and children over 1 year of age, though you should check with your doctor before using it medicinally. English Ivy Leaf Extract is generally well tolerated when standardized, but the raw plant is toxic.

The safety data advises against English Ivy during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Eucalyptus oil is generally safe in small, diluted amounts for inhalation or topical use — the undiluted oil can be poisonous if swallowed.

Thyme is safe in food amounts, but concentrated essential oil should be avoided unless your doctor approves. Pregnancy and lactation safety for this syrup overall isn't established — talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Honey English Ivy Eucalyptus Thyme Elderberry

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Elderberry, English Ivy, Eucalyptus, Honey, Thyme.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,210 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this syrup, double-check your medications with the tool on this page if you're on blood thinners (anticoagulants), drugs that affect liver enzyme systems (especially CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2C8, CYP1A2, or CYP3A4), blood sugar medications, amphetamines, estrogen replacement therapy, pentobarbital, or anticholinergic or cholinergic drugs. The English Ivy and essential oils in particular may raise the levels of many prescription medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This syrup may be worth trying if you're looking for honey-based cough support, but the other ingredients have interactions with many medications. If you take any prescription drugs — especially blood thinners, diabetes medications, antidepressants, or anything metabolized by your liver — check with your pharmacist before starting.

Also avoid if you're pregnant or breastfeeding without talking to your doctor first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 23, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Cough Syrup, straight from the product label.

Brand Gaia Herbs
Net contents 4 Fluid Ounce(s); 118 Milliliter(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 23, 2024
DSLD ID 309558
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Cough Syrup by Gaia Herbs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
5 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
5 mL
Servings per container
24
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates4 Gram(s)2%
Added Sugars4 Gram(s)8%
Total Sugars4 Gram(s)--
Honey5.2 Gram(s)--
English Ivy Leaf Extract22 mg--
Essential Oil Blend8 mg--
Black Elderberry Fruit Extract22 mg--
South African Geranium Root Extract29 mg--
Eucalyptus Aerial Parts Essential Oil0 NP--
Scotch Pine Needle Essential Oil0 NP--
Thyme Aerial Parts Essential Oil0 NP--

Other ingredients: Water, Lemon Juice Concentrate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Connecting people, plants & planet

Discover the Gaia Difference Facebook Instagram gaiaherbs.com @gaiaherbs

New

Formulation

Purity All products are screened for pesticides, microbes & heavy metals. Potency Concentrated extracts provide a delicious & convenient way to get your daily dose of herbs. Integrity See the proof at meetyourherbs.com, the world's first traceability platform.

No artificial sweeteners No added flavors

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org

Helps soothe an occasional dry cough

Formula

Expect more from your cough syrup Our plant-powered formula contains a blend of respiratory-and immune- supporting herbs for holistic support. Featured in this formula: South African Geranium also known Pelargonium Pelargonium This traditional South African herb has been clinically studies to maintain respiratory health and support the body's natural defenses.

Cough Syrup made with Elderberry Honey Ivy leaf South African geranium

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use Adults take 1 teaspoon 3 times daily. Shake well before use.

Storage

Refrigerate after opening and consume within 6 months.

Precautions

Not for use during pregnancy or lactation. If you have a medical condition, or take medications, please consult with your healthcare practitioner before use.

Store away from children.

Safety-sealed at neck of bottle.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Gaia Herbs Est 1987

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Cough Syrup by Gaia Herbs label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Cough Syrup label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Cough Syrup by Gaia Herbs

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size5 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container24 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Honey

Interacts with
736 drugs
5.2 Gram(s) per serving

Honey is a natural food with some real, modest evidence for easing coughs and helping certain wounds, especially when special medical-grade or Manuka...

Honey monograph & interactions

English Ivy Leaf Extract

Interacts with
280 drugs
22 mg per serving

English ivy leaf extract is most commonly used in cough and cold syrups to help loosen mucus and ease coughing, and it is a popular ingredient in many...

English Ivy Leaf Extract monograph & interactions

Essential Oil Blend

8 mg per serving

Black Elderberry Fruit Extract

Interacts with
121 drugs
22 mg per serving Form: Sambucus nigra Fruit Extract

Elderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu sym...

Black Elderberry Fruit Extract monograph & interactions

South African Geranium Root Extract

29 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Lemon Juice Concentrate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Cough Syrup by Gaia Herbs Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Cough Syrup?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,209Drugs
1,209 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Eucalyptus Aerial Parts Essential Oil 878
Honey 736
Thyme Aerial Parts Essential Oil 379
English Ivy Leaf Extract 280
Black Elderberry Fruit Extract 121

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Cough Syrup interact with 1,209 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 7 ingredients in Cough Syrup interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Eucalyptus Aerial Parts Essential Oil Honey Thyme Aerial Parts Essential Oil English Ivy Leaf Extract Black Elderberry Fruit Extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Cough Syrup with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Eucalyptus Aerial Parts Essential Oil7 drug types · 878 drugs

Amphetamines

Theoretically, inhaling eucalyptol may reduce the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Animal research suggests that inhaling eucalyptol may reduce the levels of amphetamines in the blood.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, eucalyptus leaf might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that eucalyptus leaf might have hypoglycemic activity, and might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP1A2, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP2C19, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP2C9, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP3A4, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, inhaling eucalyptol might reduce the effectiveness of pentobarbital.
Animal research suggests that inhaling eucalyptol reduces the level of pentobarbital that reaches the brain.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Eucalyptus Aerial Parts Essential Oil full monograph & interactions

Honey3 drug types · 736 drugs

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, honey might increase levels of phenytoin.
In an animal model, the rate and extent of absorption of phenytoin was increased by honey. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, honey inhibits platelet aggregation and increases the time to clotting. Furthermore, animal research suggests that feeding mice large doses of honey for 12 days increases bleeding time when compared with no intervention. However, these effects have not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Some clinical research shows that honey induces CYP3A4. However, other clinical studies found no effect on CYP3A4 activity. Different honey preparations may have different effects on CYP3A4.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Honey full monograph & interactions

Thyme Aerial Parts Essential Oil4 drug types · 379 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that thyme leaf extract has antiplatelet effects. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of cholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might cause additive cholinergic effects.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, thyme might competitively inhibit the effects of estrogen replacement therapy.
In vitro research shows that thyme has estrogen receptor-binding activity and phytoestrogen content. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyme Aerial Parts Essential Oil full monograph & interactions

English Ivy Leaf Extract3 drug types · 280 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates

Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2C8 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
English Ivy Leaf Extract full monograph & interactions

Black Elderberry Fruit Extract2 drug types · 121 drugs

Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Elderberry has immunostimulant activity, increasing the production of cytokines, including interleukin and tumor necrosis factor.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Pazopanib (Votrient)

Theoretically, elderberry might interact with pazopanib, potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects.
In one case, a 65-year-old patient taking pazopanib for 4 weeks for soft-tissue sarcoma developed severe nausea, loose stools, and elevated alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels and was diagnosed with grade 3 liver injury. The patient reported taking elderberry supplements for 2 years, dose unspecified, and was also taking a multivitamin and a calcium supplement. The patient's symptoms and liver enzyme levels improved upon discontinuation of pazopanib and all supplements. Pazopanib treatment was re-initiated, at a lower dose, with no further evidence of liver injury. It was unclear in this case report if the elderberry supplements were derived from the berry, the flower, or the combination.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Black Elderberry Fruit Extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Cough Syrup, from the product label.

Gaia Herbs

See all Gaia Herbs products
Name
Gaia Herbs Inc.
Street Address
101 Gaia Herbs Drive
City
Brevard
State
NC
ZipCode
28712
Web Address
gaiaherbs.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Cough Syrup by Gaia Herbs: Common Questions

Does Cough Syrup by Gaia Herbs interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Cough Syrup has a known interaction with 1,209 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Cough Syrup contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is honey in cough syrup actually effective?
Yes — honey is possibly effective for cough according to our data. It's one of the oldest throat remedies and the evidence backs it up, at least for this use.
Can I give this to my young child?
Honey is safe for children over 1 year old, so this syrup could be okay for that age group. But talk to your pediatrician first, especially about the essential oils and other ingredients in the blend.
What are the most common side effects I might notice?
With honey, you might feel nausea, stomach pain, or vomiting if taken orally. The essential oils can cause burning or stinging if they touch your skin or mouth. Most people tolerate it well, but let your pharmacist know if anything bothers you.
Is it safe to use while breastfeeding?
Honey eaten by a breastfeeding mother is considered fine as a food, but there isn't enough data to know if it's safe to use medicinally in this concentrated syrup form. Talk with your doctor or lactation consultant before using.
Why do I need to check my medications with this syrup?
Several ingredients — English Ivy, eucalyptus, and thyme oils — may affect how your liver breaks down many medications, potentially raising their levels in your blood. Your pharmacist can tell you if any of your drugs are at risk.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Cough Syrup is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Cough Syrup label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Cough Syrup’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Honey

Interacts with 736 drugs

Honey is a natural food with some real, modest evidence for easing coughs and helping certain wounds, especially when special medical-grade or Manuka honey is used. It is generally safe for...

Read the full Honey monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

English Ivy

Interacts with 280 drugs

English ivy leaf extract is most commonly used in cough and cold syrups to help loosen mucus and ease coughing, and it is a popular ingredient in many European herbal products. Some research...

Read the full English Ivy monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Eucalyptus

Interacts with 878 drugs

Eucalyptus is best known for its strong-smelling oil used in vapor rubs, inhalants, and lozenges to ease coughs and congestion. It may provide mild, short-term relief of cold symptoms, but t...

Read the full Eucalyptus monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Thyme

Interacts with 379 drugs

Thyme is a common kitchen herb that has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and digestive complaints. It is generally safe in the amounts found in food, and some cough products that com...

Read the full Thyme monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Elderberry

Interacts with 121 drugs

Elderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu symptoms, but the evidence is limited and n...

Read the full Elderberry monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Cough Syrup's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 100 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Honey 40 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. Bose B. Honey or sugar in treatment of infected wounds? Lancet 1982;1:963. PubMed
  4. Ozhan H, Akdemir R, Yazici M, et al. Cardiac emergencies caused by honey ingestion: a single centre experience. Emerg Med J 2004;21:742-4. PubMed
  5. Centers for Disease Control. Botulism in the Unites Sates, 1899-1996. Handbook for epidemiologists, clinicians, and laboratory workers, 1998. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/botulism.PDF.
  6. Simon A, Traynor K, Santos K, et al. Medical honey for wound care - still the 'latest resort'? Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2009;6:165-73. PubMed
  7. Gethin G, Cowman S. Case series of use of Manuka honey in leg ulceration. Int Wound J 2005;2:10-15. PubMed
  8. Ingle R, Levin J, Polinder K. Wound healing with honey - a randomised controlled trial. S Afr Med J 2006;96:831-5.
  9. Johnson DW, van Eps C, Mudge DW, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of topical exit-site application of honey (Medihoney) versus mupirocin for the prevention of catheter-associated infections in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:1456-62. PubMed
  10. Sukriti and Garg, S. K. Influence of honey on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in rabbits. Ind J Pharmacol 2002;34(147).
  11. Jung, A. and Ottosson, J. [Infantile botulism caused by honey]. Ugeskr Laeger 2001;163(2):169.
  12. Gunduz, A., Turedi, S., Uzun, H., and Topbas, M. Mad honey poisoning. Am J Emerg.Med 2006;24(5):595-598.
  13. van der Vorst, M. M., Jamal, W., Rotimi, V. O., and Moosa, A. Infant botulism due to consumption of contaminated commercially prepared honey. First report from the Arabian Gulf States. Med Princ.Pract. 2006;15(6):456-458. PubMed
  14. Tushar, T., Vinod, T., Rajan, S., Shashindran, C., and Adithan, C. Effect of honey on CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzyme activity in healthy human volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007;100(4):269-272. PubMed
  15. Nilforoushzadeh, M. A., Jaffary, F., Moradi, S., Derakhshan, R., and Haftbaradaran, E. Effect of topical honey application along with intralesional injection of glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. BMC Complement Altern Med 2007;7:13. PubMed
  16. Koca, I. and Koca, A. F. Poisoning by mad honey: a brief review. Food Chem Toxicol 2007;45(8):1315-1318. PubMed
  17. Akinci, S., Arslan, U., Karakurt, K., and Cengel, A. An unusual presentation of mad honey poisoning: acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2008;129(2):e56-e58. PubMed
  18. Yildirim, N., Aydin, M., Cam, F., and Celik, O. Clinical presentation of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the course of intoxication with mad honey. Am J Emerg Med 2008;26(1):108.e-2. PubMed
  19. Shrestha, P., Vaidya, R., and Sherpa, K. Mad honey poisoning: a rare case report of seven cases. Nepal Med Coll J 2009;11(3):212-213.
  20. Fetzner, L., Burhenne, J., Weiss, J., Völker, M., Unger, M., Mikus, G., and Haefeli, W. E. Daily honey consumption does not change CYP3A activity in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2011;51(8):1223-1232. PubMed
  21. Thamboo, A., Thamboo, A., Philpott, C., Javer, A., and Clark, A. Single-blind study of manuka honey in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011;40(3):238-243.
  22. Ahmed, A., Khan, R. A., Azim, M. K., Saeed, S. A., Mesaik, M. A., Ahmed, S., and Imran, I. Effect of natural honey on human platelets and blood coagulation proteins. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2011;24(3):389-397.
  23. Yarlioglues, M., Akpek, M., Ardic, I., Elcik, D., Sahin, O., and Kaya, M. G. Mad-honey sexual activity and acute inferior myocardial infarctions in a married couple. Tex.Heart Inst.J 2011;38(5):577-580.
  24. Biberoglu, S., Biberoglu, K., and Komsuoglu, B. Mad honey. JAMA 4-1-1988;259(13):1943.
  25. Biberoglu, K., Biberoglu, S., and Komsuoglu, B. Transient Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome during honey intoxication. Isr.J.Med.Sci. 1988;24(4-5):253-254.
  26. Gössinger, H., Hruby, K., Pohl, A., Davogg, S., Sutterlütti, G., and Mathis, G. [Poisoning with andromedotoxin-containing honey]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1983;108(41):1555-1558.
  27. Fenicia, L., Ferrini, A. M., Aureli, P., and Pocecco, M. A case of infant botulism associated with honey feeding in Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 1993;9(6):671-673. PubMed
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Eucalyptus 23 references
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Thyme 18 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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