CSR Extract Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Christopher's Original Formulas
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking CSR Extract against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
CSR Extract is a dietary supplement by Christopher's Original Formulas with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive upset and diarrhea, colds and respiratory infections, sore throat and mouth sores.Based on those ingredients, 1,242 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Goldenseal, fresh Garlic, Scullcap. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against CSR Extract by Christopher's Original Formulas
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AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of CSR Extract by Christopher's Original Formulas
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
CSR Extract is a liquid blend of three active herbal ingredients. Goldenseal is included for its traditional use in supporting immune and digestive health.
Scullcap (also called skullcap) is traditionally used for relaxation and nervous system support. Fresh garlic contributes cardiovascular and metabolic support.
The liquid is preserved with grain alcohol and distilled water.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
The evidence for this product's uses is mixed and limited. Goldenseal has been studied for urine drug testing (rated possibly ineffective) and conditions like acne, hay fever, anorexia nervosa, and chronic fatigue, but the evidence for those uses is insufficient to rate.
Scullcap is traditionally used for epilepsy, stress, stroke, spasticity, contact dermatitis, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, but again, the evidence available to us is insufficient to rate its effectiveness for any of them. Fresh garlic shows stronger data: it is possibly effective for periodontitis (gum disease), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and atherosclerosis.
If you're considering this product for a specific health goal, talk with your pharmacist about what the evidence actually supports.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Goldenseal safety data in humans is limited, especially for repeated doses beyond short-term use. Its active compound berberine can cause digestive upset—including abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and bitter taste—though these side effects haven't been formally reported in goldenseal trials.
Goldenseal must be avoided in pregnancy (berberine may harm the fetus and trigger contractions) and while breastfeeding (berberine may pass to the infant). Scullcap is used short-term, but safety data are sparse and product quality varies; it's not well studied for longer use.
Avoid scullcap during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data. Scullcap can cause sedation and cognitive impairment at higher doses.
Fresh garlic is generally well tolerated as food, but supplements may cause stomach upset, body odor, and increased bleeding risk; avoid supplement-level doses unless your doctor approves, especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding where data are limited.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking CSR Extract, check your medications against these drug types: blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs), sedating drugs (CNS depressants), blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs, diabetes medications, warfarin, liver-enzyme-metabolized drugs (especially those cleared by CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4), HIV protease inhibitors, and tacrolimus. Because goldenseal inhibits multiple liver enzymes, many common prescriptions may be affected—the medication search tool below is essential before you start.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product carries significant medication interactions across blood pressure meds, sedatives, blood thinners, diabetes drugs, and several liver-metabolized medications, so it's not a match for most people on prescription drugs. If you take any medications or are pregnant or breastfeeding, check with your pharmacist before starting.
The herbal ingredients have limited evidence for most traditional uses, though fresh garlic does have reasonable data for blood pressure and diabetes support.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about CSR Extract, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Christopher's Original Formulas |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 084783498421 |
| Net contents | 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jul 25, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 313676 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for CSR Extract by Christopher's Original Formulas, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Proprietary Blend | 0 NP | -- |
| Goldenseal | 0 NP | -- |
| Scullcap | 0 NP | -- |
| fresh Garlic | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: pure Grain Alcohol, Water, Distilled
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: Apply 10-20 drops three times daily to needed areas, or as directed by your Health Care Professional.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Copyright 2010 All Rights Reserved
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Formulation
No added fillers or chemicals.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease.
General Statements
John R. Christopher
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
CSR Extract by Christopher's Original Formulas label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in CSR Extract by Christopher's Original Formulas
These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size10 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container57 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Proprietary Blend
- › Goldenseal
- › Scullcap
- › Fresh Garlic
Other (inactive) ingredients: Pure Grain Alcohol, Water, Distilled. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
CSR Extract by Christopher's Original Formulas Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
CSR Extract by Christopher's Original Formulas contains three active ingredients—goldenseal, scullcap, and fresh garlic—that together interact with a broad range of medications.
Goldenseal is the source of the most serious documented interactions: it can inhibit liver enzymes (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4) that break down many common drugs, potentially raising their levels in your bloodstream and increasing side effects. Altogether, these interactions span 1,227 individual medications.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Goldenseal also carries Moderate-severity risks with blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs), sedating drugs (CNS depressants), blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs, and diabetes medications. Scullcap adds a Moderate risk of extra sedation when combined with CNS depressants.
Fresh garlic contributes Moderate interactions with blood pressure meds, blood thinners, diabetes drugs, the heart medication warfarin, HIV protease inhibitors, and the transplant drug tacrolimus, plus effects on the liver enzyme CYP3A4 and CYP2E1.
All three ingredients have been checked in our monographs and carry documented interactions. Use the medication search tool on this page to check your exact prescriptions against this product before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against CSR Extract?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in CSR Extract interact with 1,242 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
3 of the 3 ingredients in CSR Extract interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Goldenseal fresh Garlic Scullcap
Ado-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal + Abciximab interactionFresh GarlicAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal + Abemaciclib interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal + Abiraterone interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal + Abiraterone Acetate interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Goldenseal + Abrocitinib interactionFresh GarlicAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acalabrutinib interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acarbose interactionFresh GarlicAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking garlic with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acebutolol interactionFresh GarlicAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking garlic with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fresh GarlicAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acenocoumarol interactionGoldensealAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acenocoumarol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acepromazine interactionScullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap + Acepromazine interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionGoldensealAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionGoldensealCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionGoldensealCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with CSR Extract — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGoldensealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionScullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with CSR Extract — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionScullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with CSR Extract — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionScullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with CSR Extract — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionGoldensealCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionScullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with CSR Extract — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionGoldensealCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cns Depressants +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionScullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with CSR Extract — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionScullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with CSR Extract — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionGoldensealCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionScullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionGoldensealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with CSR Extract — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionGoldensealCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionScullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Scullcap + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
GoldensealCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Dextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others) +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionFresh GarlicCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with CSR Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fresh GarlicCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Fresh Garlic + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionGoldensealCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Dextromethorphan (robitussin Dm, Others) +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Goldenseal + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in CSR Extract with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Goldenseal
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Goldenseal contains berberine. In vitro and animal research shows that berberine can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Goldenseal contains berberine. Clinical research shows that berberine can lower blood glucose levels. However, this effect has not been reported with goldenseal.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Goldenseal contains berberine. Animal research shows that berberine can have hypotensive effects. Also, an analysis of clinical research shows that taking berberine in combination with amlodipine can lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with amlodipine alone. However, this effect has not been reported with goldenseal.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Goldenseal contains berberine. Animal research shows that berberine can have sedative effects. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that goldenseal root extract can modestly inhibit CYP2C9. This effect may be due to its alkaloid constituents, hydrastine and berberine. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Clinical and in vitro research shows that goldenseal can significantly inhibit CYP2D6 enzymes, potentially increasing levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
In vitro research shows that goldenseal root extract can inhibit the activity of CYP2E1. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Most clinical and in vitro research shows that goldenseal inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity and increases serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates, such as midazolam. However, in one small clinical study, goldenseal did not affect the levels of indinavir, a CYP3A4 substrate, in healthy volunteers. This is likely due to the fact that indinavir has a high oral bioavailability, making it an inadequate probe for CYP3A4 interactions and/or that it is primarily metabolized by hepatic CYP3A, while goldenseal has more potential to inhibit intestinal CYP3A enzyme activity. Both goldenseal extract and its isolated constituents berberine and hydrastine inhibit CYP3A, with hydrastine possibly having more inhibitory potential than berberine.
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin Dm, Others)
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of dextromethorphan.
Goldenseal contains berberine. A small clinical study shows that berberine can inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity and reduce the metabolism of dextromethorphan.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of digoxin, although this effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that goldenseal modestly increases digoxin peak levels by about 14% in healthy volunteers. However, goldenseal does not seem to affect other pharmacokinetic parameters such as area under the curve (AUC). This suggests that goldenseal does not cause a clinically significant interaction with digoxin. Digoxin is a P-glycoprotein substrate. Some evidence suggests that goldenseal constituents might affect P-glycoprotein; however, it is unclear whether these constituents inhibit or induce P-glycoprotein.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Theoretically, goldenseal might decrease the conversion of losartan to its active form.
Goldenseal contains berberine. A small clinical study shows that berberine inhibits cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) activity and reduces the metabolism of losartan. However, this effect has not been reported with goldenseal.
Metformin (Glucophage)
Theoretically, goldenseal might reduce blood levels of metformin.
In vitro research shows that goldenseal extract decreases the bioavailability of metformin, likely by interfering with transport, intestinal permeability, or other processes involved in metformin absorption. It is unclear which, if any, of metformin's transporters are inhibited by goldenseal. Goldenseal does not appear to alter the clearance or half-life of metformin.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase or decrease serum levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
There is conflicting evidence about the effect of goldenseal on P-gp. In vitro research suggests that berberine, a constituent of goldenseal, modestly inhibits P-gp efflux. Other evidence suggests that berberine induces P-gp. In healthy volunteers, goldenseal modestly increases peak levels of the P-gp substrate digoxin by about 14%. However, it does not seem to affect other pharmacokinetic parameters such as area under the curve (AUC). This suggests that goldenseal is not a potent inhibitor of P-gp-mediated drug efflux. Until more is known, goldenseal should be used cautiously with P-gp substrates.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that berberine, a constituent of goldenseal, can prolong pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. However, this effect has not been reported with goldenseal.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of tacrolimus.
Goldenseal contains berberine. In a 16-year-old patient with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who was being treated with tacrolimus 6.5 mg twice daily, intake of berberine 200 mg three times daily increased the blood concentration of tacrolimus from 8 to 22 ng/mL. Following a reduction of tacrolimus dosing to 3 mg daily, blood levels of tacrolimus decreased to 12 ng/mL.
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Theoretically, goldenseal might reduce the therapeutic effects of oseltamivir by decreasing its conversion to its active form.
In vitro evidence suggests that goldenseal reduces the formation of the active compound from the prodrug oseltamivir. The mechanism of action and clinical relevance is unclear.
fresh Garlic
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Garlic may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Raw garlic and a variety of garlic extracts have antiplatelet activity and can increase prothrombin time.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking garlic with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research suggests that garlic and garlic extract lower blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic individuals.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking garlic with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
In human research, both garlic and garlic extracts have blood pressure-lowering effects.
Atazanavir (Reyataz)
Theoretically, garlic might decrease levels and effects of atazanavir.
In a case report, a patient consuming six stir-fried garlic cloves three times weekly developed suboptimal atazanavir levels and increases in HIV viral load. While the exact cause of this interaction is unclear, there is speculation that garlic might decrease the intestinal absorption of atazanavir or increase its metabolism by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Until more is known, advise patients not to consume large amounts of garlic while taking atazanavir.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Clinical research suggests garlic oil can inhibit the activity of CYP2E1 by 39%. Use garlic oil cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Some human research suggests that garlic may induce INTESTINAL CYP3A4, reducing levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. This is primarily based on a study showing that taking a specific allicin-containing garlic product (GarliPure Maximum Allicin Formula, Natrol Inc.) twice daily for 3 days reduces saquinavir levels by approximately 50%. It is speculated that the allicin constituent induced CYP3A4 in the gut mucosa. Another study shows that giving docetaxel intravenously, bypassing the CYP3A4 enzymes in the gut mucosa, along with the same specific garlic product for 12 consecutive days, does not affect docetaxel levels. Conversely, there is concern that garlic may inhibit HEPATIC CYP3A4. In a single case report, increased tacrolimus levels and liver injury occurred in a liver transplant patient after taking a specific garlic supplement (Garlicin Cardio, Nature's Way) at up to three times the manufacturer recommended dose for 7 days. Several other studies have evaluated the impact of other garlic formulations on CYP3A4 substrates and have found no effect. Most of the products in these studies provided little or no allicin.
Isoniazid
Theoretically, garlic might decrease levels of isoniazid.
Animal research suggests that an aqueous extract of garlic reduces isoniazid levels by about 65%. Garlic reduced the maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC), but not the half-life, of isoniazid. This suggests that garlic extract might inhibit isoniazid absorption across the intestinal mucosa; however, the exact mechanism of this potential interaction is not known.
Protease Inhibitors (Pis)
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might decrease levels of PIs.
Protease inhibitors are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoenzymes. There is concern that garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4, reducing plasma levels of protease inhibitors. This is primarily based on a study showing that taking a specific garlic product (GarliPure Maximum Allicin Formula, Natrol Inc.) twice daily for 3 days reduces levels of saquinavir, a PI, by approximately 50%. It is speculated that the allicin constituent induce CYP3A4 in the gut mucosa. Several studies have evaluated the impact of other garlic formulations on CYP3A4 substrates and have found no effect. Most of the products in these studies provided little or no allicin.
Saquinavir (Fortovase, Invirase)
Theoretically, garlic containing allicin might decrease levels of saquinavir.
Saquinavir is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoenzymes. There is concern that garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and cause subtherapeutic levels of saquinavir. This is primarily based on a pharmacokinetic study showing that taking a specific garlic product (GarliPure Maximum Allicin Formula, Natrol Inc.) twice daily for 3 days reduces saquinavir levels by approximately 50%. It is speculated that the allicin constituent induces CYP3A4 in the gut mucosa. Several pharmacokinetic studies have evaluated the impact of other garlic formulations on CYP3A4 substrates and have found no effect. Most of the products in these studies provided little or no allicin. Until more is known about this potential interaction, use garlic containing allicin cautiously in patients taking saquinavir.
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)
Theoretically, taking garlic with sofosbuvir might decrease its effectiveness.
Animal research in rats shows that giving aged garlic extract 120 mg/kg orally daily for 14 days decreases the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) after a single sofosbuvir dose of 40 mg/kg by 36%, increases the clearance by 63%, and decreases the plasma concentrations at 1 and 8 hours by 35% and 58%, respectively. This interaction is hypothesized to be due to induction of intestinal P-glycoprotein expression by garlic.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Theoretically, garlic might increase levels of tacrolimus.
In one case report, a liver transplant patient taking tacrolimus experienced increased tacrolimus levels and liver injury after taking a specific garlic supplement (Garlicin Cardio, Nature's Way) at up to three times the manufacturer recommended dose for 7 days. It is speculated that garlic inhibited hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which increased plasma levels of tacrolimus.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, garlic might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Raw garlic and a variety of garlic extracts have antiplatelet activity and can increase prothrombin time. In addition, there is a report of two patients who experienced an increase in a previously stabilized international normalized ratio (INR) with concomitant garlic and warfarin use. However, this report has been subsequently debated due to limited clinical information. Other clinical studies have not identified an effect of garlic on INR, warfarin pharmacokinetics, or bleeding risk. More evidence is needed to determine the safety of using garlic with warfarin.
Scullcap
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Animal and clinical research suggests that skullcap can cause sedation and cognitive impairment.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for CSR Extract, from the product label.
Christopher's Original Formulas
See all Christopher's Original Formulas products- Name
- Wholistic Botanicals L.L.C.
- City
- Spanish Fork
- State
- UT
- ZipCode
- 84660
- Phone Number
- 1-800-453-1406
- Web Address
- www.drchristopher.com
CSR Extract by Christopher's Original Formulas: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind CSR Extract’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Goldenseal
Interacts with 1,237 drugsGoldenseal is a popular North American herb that contains berberine, a compound studied for antimicrobial effects. However, strong human evidence for its many traditional uses is largely lac...
Read the full Goldenseal monograph → Herb & supplement monographSkullcap
Interacts with 248 drugsAmerican skullcap is an herb traditionally used to calm anxiety and promote relaxation, but solid human evidence is very limited. It is generally considered relatively safe for short-term us...
Read the full Skullcap monograph → Herb & supplement monographGarlic
Interacts with 989 drugsGarlic is a common food and supplement that may modestly help with blood pressure and cholesterol, though the evidence is mixed and effects are usually small. It is generally safe in food am...
Read the full Garlic monograph →Sources & How We Checked
CSR Extract's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 191 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Goldenseal 34 references
- Chan E. Displacement of bilirubin from albumin by berberine. Biol Neonate 1993;63:201-8. PubMed
- Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
- Sandhu RS, Prescilla RP, Simonelli TM, Edwards DJ. Influence of goldenseal root on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir. J Clin Pharmacol 2003;43:1283-8.. PubMed
- Janbaz KH, Gilani AH. Studies on preventive and curative effects of berberine on chemical-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents. Fitoterapia 2000;71:25-33.. PubMed
- Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5 phenotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;77:415-26. PubMed
- Gurley BJ, Swain A, Barone GW, et al. Effect of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) and kava kava (Piper methysticum) supplementation on digoxin pharmacokinetics in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2007;35:240-5. PubMed
- Gurley BJ, Swain A, Hubbard MA, et al. Clinical assessement of CYP2D6-mediated herb-drug interactions in humans: Effects of milk-thistle, black cohosh, goldenseal, kava kava, St. John's wort, and Echinacea. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008;52:755-63.
- Zhang Y, Li X, Zou D, et al. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:2559-65. PubMed
- Chatterjee P, Franklin MR. Human cytochrome p450 inhibition and metabolic-intermediate complex formation by goldenseal extract and its methylenedioxyphenyl components. Drug Metab Dispos 2003;31:1391-7. PubMed
- Choudhry, V. P., Sabir, M., and Bhide, V. N. Berberine in giardiasis. Indian Pediatr. 1972;9(3):143-146.
- Shanbhag, S. M., Kulkarni, H. J., and Gaitonde, B. B. Pharmacological actions of berberine on the central nervous system. Jpn.J Pharmacol 1970;20(4):482-487. PubMed
- Wu, J. F. and Liu, T. P. [Effects of berberine on platelet aggregation and plasma levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in rats with reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion]. Yao Xue.Xue.Bao. 1995;30(2):98-102.
- Peng, W. H., Hsieh, M. T., and Wu, C. R. Effect of long-term administration of berberine on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1997;74(3):261-266. DOI
- Sharda DC. Berberine in the treatment of diarrhoea of infancy and childhood. J Indian M A 1970;54(1):22-24.
- Sabir M and Bhide NK. Study of some pharmacological actions of berberine. Ind J Physiol & Pharmac 1971;15(3):111-132.
- Tripathi YB and Shukla SD. Berberis artistata inhibits PAF induced aggregation of rabbit platelets. Phytotherapy Research 1996;10:628-630.
- Zhang, Y., Li, X., Zou, D., Liu, W., Yang, J., Zhu, N., Huo, L., Wang, M., Hong, J., Wu, P., Ren, G., and Ning, G. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. J Clin Endocrinol.Metab 2008;93(7):2559-2565. PubMed
- Yin, J., Xing, H., and Ye, J. Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2008;57(5):712-717. PubMed
- Zhang, H., Wei, J., Xue, R., Wu, J. D., Zhao, W., Wang, Z. Z., Wang, S. K., Zhou, Z. X., Song, D. Q., Wang, Y. M., Pan, H. N., Kong, W. J., and Jiang, J. D. Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin re
- Guo, Y., Chen, Y., Tan, Z. R., Klaassen, C. D., and Zhou, H. H. Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012;68(2):213-217. PubMed
- Wei, W., Zhao, H., Wang, A., Sui, M., Liang, K., Deng, H., Ma, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., and Guan, Y. A clinical study on the short-term effect of berberine in comparison to metformin on the metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndro
- Meng, S., Wang, L. S., Huang, Z. Q., Zhou, Q., Sun, Y. G., Cao, J. T., Li, Y. G., and Wang, C. Q. Berberine ameliorates inflammation in patients with acute coronary syndrome following percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Exp.Pharmacol Physiol 2012;39 PubMed
- Chun YT, Yip TT, Lau KL, and et al. A biochemical study on the hypotensive effect of berberine in rats. Gen Pharmac 1979;10:177-182. PubMed
- Sevior, D. K., Hokkanen, J., Tolonen, A., Abass, K., Tursas, L., Pelkonen, O., and Ahokas, J. T. Rapid screening of commercially available herbal products for the inhibition of major human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes using the N-in-one cocktail. Xeno PubMed
- Bhowmick, S. K., Hundley, O. T., and Rettig, K. R. Severe hypernatremia and hyperosmolality exacerbated by an herbal preparation in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2007;46(9):831-834. PubMed
- Gurley BJ, et al. Supplementation with goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), but not kava kava (Piper methysticum), inhibits human CYP3A activitiy In Vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;83(1):61-69.
- Dong H, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Lu F. The effects of berberine on blood lipids: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Planta Med 2013;79(6):437-46. PubMed
- Hou Q, Han W, Fu X. Pharmacokinetic interaction between tacrolimus and berberine in a child with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69(10):1861-2. PubMed
- Lan J, Zhao Y, Dong F, et al. Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;161:69-81. PubMed
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Yamaura K, Shimada M, Nakayama N, Ueno K. Protective effects of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibition of CYP2E1 in rats. Pharmacognosy Res. 2011;3(4):250-5. PubMed
- Nguyen JT, Tian DD, Tanna RS, et al. Assessing transporter-mediated natural product-drug interactions via in vitro-in vivo extrapolation: clinical evaluation with a probe cocktail. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021;109(5):1342-52.
- Liu R, Tam TW, Mao J, et al. The effect of natural health products and traditional medicines on the activity of human hepatic microsomal-mediated metabolism of oseltamivir. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2010;13(1):43-55. PubMed
- Nguyen JT, Tian DD, Tanna RS, et al. An Integrative Approach to Elucidate Mechanisms Underlying the Pharmacokinetic Goldenseal-Midazolam Interaction: Application of In Vitro Assays and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Understand Clinical Ob
Skullcap 3 references
- Wolfson P, Hoffmann DL. An investigation into the efficacy of Scutellaria lateriflora in healthy volunteers. Altern Ther Health Med 2003;9:74-8.
- Awad, R., Arnason, J. T., Trudeau, V., Bergeron, C., Budzinski, J. W., Foster, B. C., and Merali, Z. Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(8):6 PubMed
- Brock C, Whitehouse J, Tewfik I, Towell T. American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora): a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its effects on mood in healthy volunteers. Phytother Res 2014;28(5):692-8.
Garlic 154 references
- Silagy CA, Neil HA. A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure. J Hypertens 1994;12:463-8. DOI
- McMahon FG, Vargas R. Can garlic lower blood pressure? A pilot study. Pharmacotherapy 1993;13:406-7. DOI
- Auer W, Eiber A, Hertkorn E, et al. Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia: garlic helps in mild cases. Br J Clin Pract Suppl 1990;69:3-6.
- Garty BZ. Garlic burns. Pediatrics 1993;91:658-9.
- Rose KD, Croissant PD, Parliament CF, Levin MB. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma with associated platelet dysfunction from excessive garlic ingestion: a case report. Neurosurg 1990;26:880-2. PubMed
- Burnham BE. Garlic as a possible risk for postoperative bleeding. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;95:213.
- Sunter WH. Warfarin and garlic. Pharm J 1991;246:722.
- Berthold HK, Sudhop T, von Bergmann K. Effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism. JAMA 1998;279:1900-2.
- Steiner M, Khan AH, Holbert D, Lin RI. A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64:866-70. PubMed
- Steiner M, Lin RS. Changes in platelet function and susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation associated with administration of aged garlic extract. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998;31:904-8. PubMed
- Gwilt PR, Lear CL, Tempero MA, et al. The effect of garlic extract on human metabolism of acetaminophen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994;3:155-60.
- Rahman K, Billington D. Dietary supplementation with aged garlic extract inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation in humans. J Nutr 2000;130:2662-5. PubMed
- Bloch AS. Pushing the Envelope of Nutrition Support: Complementary Therapies. Nutrition 2000;16:236-9. PubMed
- Steiner M, Li W. Aged garlic extract, a modulator of cardiovascular risk factors: a dose-finding study on the effects of AGE on platelet functions. J Nutr 2001;131:980S-4S. PubMed
- Mader FH. Treatment of hyperlipidaemia with garlic-powder tablets. Evidence from the German Association of General Practitioners' multicentric placebo-controlled double-blind study. Arzneimittelforschung 1990;40:1111-6.
- Vorberg G, Schneider B. Therapy with garlic: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Br J Clin Pract Symp Suppl 1990;69:7-11.
- Simons LA, Balasubramaniam S, von Konigsmark M, et al. On the effect of garlic on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in mild hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis 1995;113:219-25. PubMed
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