V-X Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking V-X against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
V-X is a dietary supplement by Nature's Sunshine with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive upset and diarrhea, colds and respiratory infections, sore throat and mouth sores.Based on those ingredients, 2,155 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Marshmallow, Plantain, Slippery Elm. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against V-X by Nature's Sunshine
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with V-X by Nature's Sunshine — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of V-X by Nature's Sunshine
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
V-X contains 8 ingredients total. The active components are goldenseal root extract, chickweed, yellow dock, mullein, slippery elm inner bark, and marshmallow root, along with squawvine and plantain.
The product is supplied in a capsule (an inactive ingredient). Each of these herbs plays a traditional role — goldenseal and yellow dock have been used for digestive and immune support, slippery elm and marshmallow are known for their mucilage content (a soothing compound), and the others have been used in herbal formulations for various purposes.
The exact amounts of each are combined in a proprietary blend, so the individual doses are not listed separately.
Does it work?
Not established
The evidence we hold does not establish reliable effectiveness for V-X or its individual ingredients in the areas where they're traditionally used. Goldenseal, for instance, shows insufficient reliable evidence for acne, hay fever, and several other conditions; urine drug tests are listed as possibly ineffective.
Yellow dock, mullein, slippery elm, and marshmallow all carry insufficient reliable evidence ratings for their common uses, including cough, diarrhea, and inflammatory bowel conditions. Chickweed likewise has insufficient evidence for diabetes and weight management.
In short, the data we hold does not confirm that this product works for any specific purpose.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
The ingredients in V-X are generally well tolerated for short-term use, but human safety data are limited across the board. Goldenseal may cause gastrointestinal side effects — abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting — and a bitter taste.
Yellow dock acts as a laxative and contains oxalates; consuming large amounts or raw leaves can rarely cause serious effects including hypocalcemia and kidney stones. Mullein and slippery elm have caused contact dermatitis in some people with topical exposure.
Marshmallow has no adverse effects reported in the data we hold. Pregnancy and breastfeeding are contraindicated for several ingredients.
Goldenseal should be avoided — berberine may harm the fetus and trigger contractions. Yellow dock should be avoided in pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
Chickweed, mullein, and marshmallow all lack sufficient safety data and should be avoided during pregnancy; chickweed and marshmallow should also be avoided while nursing. Slippery elm has insufficient data; some sources caution against it in pregnancy, and there is too little information on breastfeeding safety.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking V-X, check with your pharmacist if you use diuretics (water pills) or digoxin (a heart medication) — yellow dock carries Major-severity interactions with both. Also double-check if you take blood pressure medications, blood thinners (including warfarin and antiplatelet drugs), diabetes medications, CNS depressants (sedatives or sleep aids), or lithium.
Slippery elm may slow absorption of any oral medication, so time it 30–60 minutes apart from your drugs. No interactions are documented for the ingredients we could check if you don't use any of the above, but absence of documented data is not a guarantee of safety.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
V-X is a multi-herb blend with limited evidence of effectiveness and several important medication interactions, especially with heart drugs, blood thinners, and blood pressure medications. If you take any prescription medications — particularly digoxin, diuretics, warfarin, or drugs metabolized by your liver — check them with your pharmacist before starting this product.
If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor or pharmacist; most of the ingredients here should be avoided during these times.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 7 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 23, 2019.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about V-X, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Nature's Sunshine |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 099904013827 |
| Net contents | 100 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Oct 23, 2019 |
| DSLD ID | 207090 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult Female (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for V-X by Nature's Sunshine, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Proprietary Blend | 1247 mg | -- |
| Squawvine | 0 NP | -- |
| Goldenseal Root Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Chickweed | 0 NP | -- |
| Plantain | 0 NP | -- |
| Yellow Dock | 0 NP | -- |
| Mullein | 0 NP | -- |
| Slippery Elm | 0 NP | -- |
| Marshmallow | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Capsule
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
010013820117 Glandular system support Guaranteed pure
This herbal combination helps cleanse and nourish the system.
Nature's Sunshine uses natural source materials that are subject to color variation. Product of U.S.A. Since 1972 Quality, service, integrity
Formula
V-X is an excellent aid for women concerned with reproductive system health.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Recommendation Take three capsules with a meal twice daily.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Precautions
This bottle was sealed for your protection. Do not use if inner seal is missing or damaged.
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
V-X by Nature's Sunshine label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in V-X by Nature's Sunshine
These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size3 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container33 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Proprietary Blend
- › Squawvine
- › Goldenseal Root Extract
- › Chickweed
- › Plantain
- › Yellow Dock
- › Mullein
- › Slippery Elm
- › Marshmallow
Other (inactive) ingredients: Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
V-X by Nature's Sunshine Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
V-X by Nature's Sunshine contains several ingredients with documented interactions.
The most serious concern is yellow dock, which carries Major-severity interactions with diuretic drugs and digoxin (a heart medication). Yellow dock may raise potassium loss when combined with diuretics, and could increase digoxin toxicity if used long-term or in large amounts.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Goldenseal root extract has Moderate interactions with a broad range of medications: CNS depressants (sedatives, sleep aids), blood pressure medications, blood thinners (anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs), diabetes medications, and several drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 substrates). Goldenseal may increase the effects or blood levels of these drugs.
Slippery elm also carries a Moderate interaction with oral drugs generally, as it may slow their absorption. Marshmallow has Minor interactions with lithium and oral drugs, and theoretically with blood thinners.
Mullein has a Minor interaction with blood thinners. We could not check squawvine or plantain — no interaction data are on file for them.
Altogether, these interactions span 2,136 individual medications. Please check your exact medications with the search tool on this page before starting V-X.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against V-X?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in V-X interact with 2,155 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
6 of the 8 ingredients in V-X interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Marshmallow Plantain Slippery Elm Goldenseal Root Extract Mullein Yellow Dock
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES
How Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Acetazolamide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Acetazolamide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Acetazolamide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Acetazolamide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Acetazolamide interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Ammonium Chloride interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Ammonium Chloride interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Ammonium Chloride interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Ammonium Chloride interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Ammonium Chloride interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAzilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor
How Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionBenazepril, HydrochlorothiazideLotensin HCT
How Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBendroflumethiazideAprinox, Naturetin, Neo-NaClex
How Bendroflumethiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Bendroflumethiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Bendroflumethiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Bendroflumethiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Bendroflumethiazide interactionBendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionBendroflumethiazide, PotassiumCentyl K, Neo-NaClex-K
How Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interacts with V-X — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interactionBendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia SerpentinaRauzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionBenzthiazideExna
How Benzthiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Benzthiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Benzthiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Benzthiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Benzthiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Benzthiazide interactionBisoprolol, HydrochlorothiazideZiac
How Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBumetanideBurinex
How Bumetanide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bumetanide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Bumetanide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Bumetanide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Bumetanide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Bumetanide interactionBumetanide, PotassiumBurinex K
How Bumetanide, Potassium interacts with V-X — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bumetanide, Potassium interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Bumetanide, Potassium interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Bumetanide, Potassium interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Bumetanide, Potassium interactionCaffeine, Potassium Salicylate, SalicylamideTrim-Elim
How Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionCandesartan Cilexetil, HydrochlorothiazideAtacand HCT
How Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionCaptopril, HydrochlorothiazideAcezide, Capozide
How Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionChlorothiazideDiuril
How Chlorothiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Chlorothiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Chlorothiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Chlorothiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Chlorothiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Chlorothiazide interactionChlorothiazide, MethyldopaAldochlor, Aldoclor 150, Aldoclor 250
How Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interactionChlorothiazide, ReserpineDiupres
How Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interactionChlorthalidoneHygroton, Thalitone
How Chlorthalidone interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Chlorthalidone interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Chlorthalidone interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Chlorthalidone interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Chlorthalidone interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Chlorthalidone interactionChlorthalidone, ClonidineClorpres, Combipres
How Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interactionCryptenamine, MethyclothiazideDiutensen
How Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interactionCyclothiazideAnhydron, Fluidil
How Cyclothiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Cyclothiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Cyclothiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Cyclothiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Cyclothiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Cyclothiazide interactionDeserpidine, HydrochlorothiazideOreticyl, Oreticyl Forte
How Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionDeserpidine, MethyclothiazideEnduronyl, Enduronyl Forte
How Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interactionPlantainOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Plantain + Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interactionDigoxinDigitek, Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin
How Digoxin interacts with V-X — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDigoxin (lanoxin) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of digoxin toxicity when used long-term or in large amount.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Digoxin interactionSlippery ElmOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Digoxin interactionGoldenseal Root ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates, Digoxin (lanoxin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase or decrease serum levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Read the full Goldenseal Root Extract + Digoxin interactionMarshmallowOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Digoxin interactionPlantainDigoxin (lanoxin), Oral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as digoxin might reduce digoxin absorption and decrease digoxin levels.
Read the full Plantain + Digoxin interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in V-X with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Marshmallow
Lithium
Theoretically, due to potential diuretic effects, marshmallow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Marshmallow is thought to have diuretic properties. To avoid lithium toxicity, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when used with marshmallow.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, marshmallow flower might have antiplatelet effects.
Animal research suggests that marshmallow flower extract has antiplatelet effects. However, the root and leaf of marshmallow, not the flower, are the plant parts most commonly found in dietary supplements. Theoretically, use of marshmallow flower with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs can have additive effects, and might increase the risk for bleeding in some patients.
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Marshmallow contains mucilage which can affect oral drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take marshmallow 30-60 minutes after oral medications.
Plantain
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce carbamazepine absorption. A preliminary study using blond psyllium reported decreased carbamazepine bioavailability due to binding of the drug to psyllium, as well as reduction of available fluid in the gut for dissolution of the drug. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.
Lithium
Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as lithium might reduce lithium absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might reduce lithium absorption and plasma levels. Some case reports describe a reduction in plasma lithium levels with concomitant administration of blond psyllium. This was reversed when psyllium was stopped. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.
Metformin (Glucophage)
Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Animal research shows that concurrent consumption of blond psyllium with metformin slows and increases the absorption of metformin. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after metformin.
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as olanzapine might reduce olanzapine absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might decrease the absorption of olanzapine. A single case report describes a reduction in the effectiveness of olanzapine when it was concomitantly administered with an unspecified type of psyllium 3 grams orally twice daily. This effect was reversed when psyllium was stopped.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as digoxin might reduce digoxin absorption and decrease digoxin levels.
Psyllium might bind digoxin in the gut. However, some clinical evidence suggests that psyllium does not impact digoxin absorption.
Ethinyl Estradiol
Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as ethinyl estradiol might alter levels of estradiol.
Concurrent use of blond psyllium with ethinyl estradiol results in a slight increase in the extent of ethinyl estradiol absorption and a slower rate of absorption. This is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Psyllium seems to have variable effects on drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after oral medications. Animal research shows that blond psyllium delays and increases the absorption of metformin and ethinyl estradiol. Case reports and animal research suggest that blond psyllium might reduce absorption of lithium, digoxin, olanzapine, and carbamazepine. Finally, some pharmacokinetic studies show that psyllium does not affect the absorption of levothyroxine or warfarin. Although many of these studies evaluated blond psyllium, the fiber content in black psyllium may have similar effects.
Slippery Elm
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Slippery elm inner bark contains mucilage, which may interfere with the absorption of orally administered drugs.
Goldenseal Root Extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Goldenseal contains berberine. In vitro and animal research shows that berberine can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Goldenseal contains berberine. Clinical research shows that berberine can lower blood glucose levels. However, this effect has not been reported with goldenseal.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Goldenseal contains berberine. Animal research shows that berberine can have hypotensive effects. Also, an analysis of clinical research shows that taking berberine in combination with amlodipine can lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with amlodipine alone. However, this effect has not been reported with goldenseal.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Goldenseal contains berberine. Animal research shows that berberine can have sedative effects. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that goldenseal root extract can modestly inhibit CYP2C9. This effect may be due to its alkaloid constituents, hydrastine and berberine. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Clinical and in vitro research shows that goldenseal can significantly inhibit CYP2D6 enzymes, potentially increasing levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
In vitro research shows that goldenseal root extract can inhibit the activity of CYP2E1. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Most clinical and in vitro research shows that goldenseal inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity and increases serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates, such as midazolam. However, in one small clinical study, goldenseal did not affect the levels of indinavir, a CYP3A4 substrate, in healthy volunteers. This is likely due to the fact that indinavir has a high oral bioavailability, making it an inadequate probe for CYP3A4 interactions and/or that it is primarily metabolized by hepatic CYP3A, while goldenseal has more potential to inhibit intestinal CYP3A enzyme activity. Both goldenseal extract and its isolated constituents berberine and hydrastine inhibit CYP3A, with hydrastine possibly having more inhibitory potential than berberine.
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin Dm, Others)
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of dextromethorphan.
Goldenseal contains berberine. A small clinical study shows that berberine can inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity and reduce the metabolism of dextromethorphan.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Goldenseal might increase serum levels of digoxin, although this effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that goldenseal modestly increases digoxin peak levels by about 14% in healthy volunteers. However, goldenseal does not seem to affect other pharmacokinetic parameters such as area under the curve (AUC). This suggests that goldenseal does not cause a clinically significant interaction with digoxin. Digoxin is a P-glycoprotein substrate. Some evidence suggests that goldenseal constituents might affect P-glycoprotein; however, it is unclear whether these constituents inhibit or induce P-glycoprotein.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Theoretically, goldenseal might decrease the conversion of losartan to its active form.
Goldenseal contains berberine. A small clinical study shows that berberine inhibits cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) activity and reduces the metabolism of losartan. However, this effect has not been reported with goldenseal.
Metformin (Glucophage)
Theoretically, goldenseal might reduce blood levels of metformin.
In vitro research shows that goldenseal extract decreases the bioavailability of metformin, likely by interfering with transport, intestinal permeability, or other processes involved in metformin absorption. It is unclear which, if any, of metformin's transporters are inhibited by goldenseal. Goldenseal does not appear to alter the clearance or half-life of metformin.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase or decrease serum levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
There is conflicting evidence about the effect of goldenseal on P-gp. In vitro research suggests that berberine, a constituent of goldenseal, modestly inhibits P-gp efflux. Other evidence suggests that berberine induces P-gp. In healthy volunteers, goldenseal modestly increases peak levels of the P-gp substrate digoxin by about 14%. However, it does not seem to affect other pharmacokinetic parameters such as area under the curve (AUC). This suggests that goldenseal is not a potent inhibitor of P-gp-mediated drug efflux. Until more is known, goldenseal should be used cautiously with P-gp substrates.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that berberine, a constituent of goldenseal, can prolong pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. However, this effect has not been reported with goldenseal.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase serum levels of tacrolimus.
Goldenseal contains berberine. In a 16-year-old patient with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who was being treated with tacrolimus 6.5 mg twice daily, intake of berberine 200 mg three times daily increased the blood concentration of tacrolimus from 8 to 22 ng/mL. Following a reduction of tacrolimus dosing to 3 mg daily, blood levels of tacrolimus decreased to 12 ng/mL.
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Theoretically, goldenseal might reduce the therapeutic effects of oseltamivir by decreasing its conversion to its active form.
In vitro evidence suggests that goldenseal reduces the formation of the active compound from the prodrug oseltamivir. The mechanism of action and clinical relevance is unclear.
Mullein
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Lab tests on extracts from different parts of common and dense-flowered mullein plants show that they do have some blood-thinning effects, as they increase the time it takes for blood to clot. This is likely due to at least one of the known constituents of muellein, triterpenoid saponins. However, the effects appear to be mild and results have been inconsistent. Extracts from different plant parts have been show to have varying anticoagulant strengths, with water-based ones being more potent than alcohol-based extracts.
Yellow Dock
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of digoxin toxicity when used long-term or in large amount.
When yellow dock is used chronically or in large amounts, hypokalemia may occur. This might increase the toxic effects of digoxin.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
When yellow dock is used chronically or in large amounts, hypokalemia may occur, and overuse of yellow dock might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, the laxative effects of yellow dock might increase the effects of warfarin, including the risk of bleeding.
The anthraquinones in yellow dock have a mild stimulant laxative effect. Consuming excessive amounts can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for V-X, from the product label.
Nature's Sunshine
See all Nature's Sunshine products- Name
- Nature's Sunshine Products, Inc.
- City
- Spanish Fork
- State
- UT
- ZipCode
- 84660
- Phone Number
- 1-800-223-8225
- Web Address
- www.naturessunshine.com
V-X by Nature's Sunshine: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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The Full Monographs Behind V-X’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Goldenseal
Interacts with 1,237 drugsGoldenseal is a popular North American herb that contains berberine, a compound studied for antimicrobial effects. However, strong human evidence for its many traditional uses is largely lac...
Read the full Goldenseal monograph → Herb & supplement monographChickweed
Chickweed is a common edible wild plant traditionally used on the skin for itching and minor irritation, and taken as a tea or tincture for various complaints. Solid human studies are lackin...
Read the full Chickweed monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlack Psyllium
Interacts with 2,025 drugsBlack psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive health. It is best known and most studied for rel...
Read the full Black Psyllium monograph → Herb & supplement monographYellow Dock
Interacts with 78 drugsYellow dock is a traditional herb used mostly as a mild laxative and a digestive and skin tonic. Good-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefits are largely unproven, and its natural...
Read the full Yellow Dock monograph → Herb & supplement monographMullein
Interacts with 122 drugsMullein is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea or syrup to soothe coughs, sore throats, and respiratory irritation. High-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefits a...
Read the full Mullein monograph → Herb & supplement monographSlippery Elm
Interacts with 2,022 drugsSlippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy made from the inner bark of a North American elm tree, used mainly to soothe sore throats and irritated digestive tracts. Its mucilage can coat an...
Read the full Slippery Elm monograph → Herb & supplement monographMarshmallow
Interacts with 2,040 drugsMarshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and stomach irritation. Evidence for th...
Read the full Marshmallow monograph →Sources & How We Checked
V-X's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 74 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Goldenseal 34 references
- Chan E. Displacement of bilirubin from albumin by berberine. Biol Neonate 1993;63:201-8. PubMed
- Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
- Sandhu RS, Prescilla RP, Simonelli TM, Edwards DJ. Influence of goldenseal root on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir. J Clin Pharmacol 2003;43:1283-8.. PubMed
- Janbaz KH, Gilani AH. Studies on preventive and curative effects of berberine on chemical-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents. Fitoterapia 2000;71:25-33.. PubMed
- Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5 phenotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;77:415-26. PubMed
- Gurley BJ, Swain A, Barone GW, et al. Effect of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) and kava kava (Piper methysticum) supplementation on digoxin pharmacokinetics in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2007;35:240-5. PubMed
- Gurley BJ, Swain A, Hubbard MA, et al. Clinical assessement of CYP2D6-mediated herb-drug interactions in humans: Effects of milk-thistle, black cohosh, goldenseal, kava kava, St. John's wort, and Echinacea. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008;52:755-63.
- Zhang Y, Li X, Zou D, et al. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:2559-65. PubMed
- Chatterjee P, Franklin MR. Human cytochrome p450 inhibition and metabolic-intermediate complex formation by goldenseal extract and its methylenedioxyphenyl components. Drug Metab Dispos 2003;31:1391-7. PubMed
- Choudhry, V. P., Sabir, M., and Bhide, V. N. Berberine in giardiasis. Indian Pediatr. 1972;9(3):143-146.
- Shanbhag, S. M., Kulkarni, H. J., and Gaitonde, B. B. Pharmacological actions of berberine on the central nervous system. Jpn.J Pharmacol 1970;20(4):482-487. PubMed
- Wu, J. F. and Liu, T. P. [Effects of berberine on platelet aggregation and plasma levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in rats with reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion]. Yao Xue.Xue.Bao. 1995;30(2):98-102.
- Peng, W. H., Hsieh, M. T., and Wu, C. R. Effect of long-term administration of berberine on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1997;74(3):261-266. DOI
- Sharda DC. Berberine in the treatment of diarrhoea of infancy and childhood. J Indian M A 1970;54(1):22-24.
- Sabir M and Bhide NK. Study of some pharmacological actions of berberine. Ind J Physiol & Pharmac 1971;15(3):111-132.
- Tripathi YB and Shukla SD. Berberis artistata inhibits PAF induced aggregation of rabbit platelets. Phytotherapy Research 1996;10:628-630.
- Zhang, Y., Li, X., Zou, D., Liu, W., Yang, J., Zhu, N., Huo, L., Wang, M., Hong, J., Wu, P., Ren, G., and Ning, G. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. J Clin Endocrinol.Metab 2008;93(7):2559-2565. PubMed
- Yin, J., Xing, H., and Ye, J. Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2008;57(5):712-717. PubMed
- Zhang, H., Wei, J., Xue, R., Wu, J. D., Zhao, W., Wang, Z. Z., Wang, S. K., Zhou, Z. X., Song, D. Q., Wang, Y. M., Pan, H. N., Kong, W. J., and Jiang, J. D. Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin re
- Guo, Y., Chen, Y., Tan, Z. R., Klaassen, C. D., and Zhou, H. H. Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012;68(2):213-217. PubMed
- Wei, W., Zhao, H., Wang, A., Sui, M., Liang, K., Deng, H., Ma, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., and Guan, Y. A clinical study on the short-term effect of berberine in comparison to metformin on the metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndro
- Meng, S., Wang, L. S., Huang, Z. Q., Zhou, Q., Sun, Y. G., Cao, J. T., Li, Y. G., and Wang, C. Q. Berberine ameliorates inflammation in patients with acute coronary syndrome following percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Exp.Pharmacol Physiol 2012;39 PubMed
- Chun YT, Yip TT, Lau KL, and et al. A biochemical study on the hypotensive effect of berberine in rats. Gen Pharmac 1979;10:177-182. PubMed
- Sevior, D. K., Hokkanen, J., Tolonen, A., Abass, K., Tursas, L., Pelkonen, O., and Ahokas, J. T. Rapid screening of commercially available herbal products for the inhibition of major human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes using the N-in-one cocktail. Xeno PubMed
- Bhowmick, S. K., Hundley, O. T., and Rettig, K. R. Severe hypernatremia and hyperosmolality exacerbated by an herbal preparation in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2007;46(9):831-834. PubMed
- Gurley BJ, et al. Supplementation with goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), but not kava kava (Piper methysticum), inhibits human CYP3A activitiy In Vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;83(1):61-69.
- Dong H, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Lu F. The effects of berberine on blood lipids: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Planta Med 2013;79(6):437-46. PubMed
- Hou Q, Han W, Fu X. Pharmacokinetic interaction between tacrolimus and berberine in a child with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69(10):1861-2. PubMed
- Lan J, Zhao Y, Dong F, et al. Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;161:69-81. PubMed
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Yamaura K, Shimada M, Nakayama N, Ueno K. Protective effects of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibition of CYP2E1 in rats. Pharmacognosy Res. 2011;3(4):250-5. PubMed
- Nguyen JT, Tian DD, Tanna RS, et al. Assessing transporter-mediated natural product-drug interactions via in vitro-in vivo extrapolation: clinical evaluation with a probe cocktail. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021;109(5):1342-52.
- Liu R, Tam TW, Mao J, et al. The effect of natural health products and traditional medicines on the activity of human hepatic microsomal-mediated metabolism of oseltamivir. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2010;13(1):43-55. PubMed
- Nguyen JT, Tian DD, Tanna RS, et al. An Integrative Approach to Elucidate Mechanisms Underlying the Pharmacokinetic Goldenseal-Midazolam Interaction: Application of In Vitro Assays and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Understand Clinical Ob
Chickweed 4 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Jovanovic M, Mimica-Dukic N, Poljacki M, Boza P. Erythema multiforme due to contact with weeds: a recurrence after patch testing. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48:17-25. PubMed
- Jovanovic, M., Poljacki, M., Mimica-Dukic, N., Boza, P., Vujanovic, Lj, Duran, V., and Stojanovic, S. Sesquiterpene lactone mix patch testing supplemented with dandelion extract in patients with allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and non-alle
- Poljacki, M., Jovanovic, M., Boza, P., Mimica-Dukic, N., Petrovic, A., and Novovic, Z. [Is Vojvodina a risk area for contact weed allergies?]. Med Pregl. 2005;58(3-4):123-126. PubMed
Black Psyllium 18 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
- Etman M. Effect of a bulk forming laxative on the bioavailablility of carbamazepine in man. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1995;21:1901-6.
- Perlman BB. Interaction between lithium salts and ispaghula husk. Lancet 1990;335:416.
- Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Valentine MD, Adkinson NF. Psyllium laxative-induced anaphylaxis, asthma, and rhinitis. Allergy 1996;51:266-8. PubMed
- Lantner RR, Espiritu BR, Zumerchik P, Tobin MC. Anaphylaxis following ingestion of a psyllium-containing cereal. JAMA 1990;264:2534-6. DOI
- Kaplan MJ. Anaphylactic reaction to "Heartwise." N Engl J Med 1990;323:1072-3. DOI
- Nordstrom M, Melander A, Robertsson E, Steen B. Influence of wheat bran and of a bulk-forming ispaghula cathartic on the bioavailability of digoxin in geriatric in-patients. Drug Nutr Interact 1987;5:67-9..
- Robinson DS, Benjamin DM, McCormack JJ. Interaction of warfarin and nonsystemic gastrointestinal drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1971;12:491-5. PubMed
- Garcia JJ, Fernandez N, Diez MJ, et al. Influence of two dietary fibers in the oral bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of ethinyloestradiol. Contraception 2000;62:253-7. PubMed
- Fernandez N, Lopez C, Díez R, et al. Drug interactions with the dietary fiber Plantago ovata husk. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012;8(11):1377-86.
- Semen plantaginis in: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, volume 1. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999. Available at http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/. Accessed November 26, 1026.
- Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 101.17). Food labeling warning, notice, and safe handling statements. Available at www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=20f647d3b74161501f46564b915b4048&mc=true&node=se21.2.101_117&rgn=div8. Accessed December 3, 2
- Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 201.319). Specific labeling requirements - water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and hydrophilic mucilloids. Available at www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=201.319. Accessed Dece
- Diez R, Garcia JJ, Diez MJ, Sierra M, Sahagun AM, Fernandez N. Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jun 7;17(1):298. PubMed
- Chiu AC, Sherman SI. Effects of pharmacological fiber supplements on levothyroxine absorption. Thyroid. 1998;8(8):667-71. PubMed
- Merrick C, Madden CA, Capurso NA. A Case of Blunted Orally Disintegrating Olanzapine Effect Due to Coadministered Psyllium. J Clin Psychiatry 2021;82(2):20cr13633. PubMed
Yellow Dock 8 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Latif A, Fichadiya H, Abid F, Capo G. Herbal Teas and Thrombocytopenia: A Curious Case of Yellow Dock and Burdock-Induced Thrombocytopenia. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2022;9(3):003247. PubMed
Mullein 2 references
- Castro AI, Carmona JB, Gonzales FG, Nestar OB. Occupational airborne dermatitis from gordolobo (Verbascum densiflorum). Contact Dermatitis 2006;55(5):301.
- Flores Echaiz C, Al Ali A, Cao AQ, Sasseville D. Simultaneous contact dermatitis caused by Asteraceae and Verbascum thapsus. Contact Dermatitis 2017;76(5):316-8.
Slippery Elm 3 references
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Czarnecki D, Nixon R, Bekhor P, and et al. Delayed prolonged contact urticaria from the elm tree. Contact Dermatitis 1993;28:196-197. PubMed
Marshmallow 5 references
- Monographs on the medicinal uses of plant drugs. Exeter, UK: European Scientific Co-op Phytother, 1997.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Hage-Sleiman R, Mroueh M, Daher CF. Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous extract of Althaea officinalis flower grown in Lebanon. Pharm Biol 2011;49(3):327-33.
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
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