Drug & supplement interaction

Melatonin + Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate

Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate brand name: Bevespi Aerosphere.

Moderate Interaction
Medically reviewed by · Updated October 2026
The bottom line Moderate

Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate falls into 2 drug categories that Melatonin can interact with; the most serious is rated moderate. Theoretically, melatonin might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.

Read the full interaction report
SeverityModerate
LikelihoodProbable
Interactions2
EvidenceD
What do Severity, Likelihood & Evidence mean?
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Interaction report

Melatonin and Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate

These two interact in 2 distinct ways. Each one is explained separately below.

Why Are There 2 Interactions?

Melatonin interacts with whole categories of medication. Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate falls into 2 of those categories, so it can interact with Melatonin in 2 different ways. We’ve listed each one below — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them (Moderate).

Moderate

CYTOCHROME P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) SUBSTRATES

1 of 2

Why this applies to Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate

Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate falls under CYTOCHROME P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) SUBSTRATES — the group Melatonin interacts with.

Theoretically, melatonin might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19. Also, other CYP2C19 substrates might decrease the metabolism of melatonin, increasing melatonin levels.
Melatonin is metabolized in the liver primarily by the CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes. Theoretically, combined administration of melatonin with certain drugs metabolized by the CYP2C19 enzyme may reduce the metabolism of these drugs, resulting in increased serum levels. Conversely, some drugs metabolized by CYP2C19 may inhibit the metabolism of melatonin, resulting in increased serum levels of melatonin. Until more is known, use melatonin cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports..

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the honest picture with Bevespi Aerosphere (formoterol and glycopyrrolate) and melatonin. The interaction on file is based on the idea that melatonin could slow down a liver enzyme (CYP2C19) and let certain drugs build up. The thing is, this is purely theoretical, and it isn't a great fit for Bevespi. Formoterol and glycopyrrolate are inhaled medicines, and only small amounts reach your bloodstream. Neither one really depends on CYP2C19 for its breakdown, so I wouldn't expect melatonin to push their levels up in any meaningful way.

If your levels did somehow rise, the things to watch for would be a fast or pounding heartbeat, jitteriness, dry mouth, or trouble urinating. Realistically that's unlikely here. Still, it's always smart to run your full list past your pharmacist or doctor before adding melatonin.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Yeleswaram, K., Vachharajani, N., and Santone, K. Involvement of cytochrome P-450 isozymes in melatonin metabolism and clinical implications. J Pineal Res 1999;26(3):190-191. PubMed
  2. Faber, M. S., Jetter, A., and Fuhr, U. Assessment of CYP1A2 activity in clinical practice: why, how, and when? Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005;97(3):125-134. PubMed
Minor

CYTOCHROME P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) SUBSTRATES

2 of 2

Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate also falls under CYTOCHROME P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) SUBSTRATES.

Theoretically, melatonin might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Laboratory research suggests that certain lots of melatonin inhibit CYP2D6. Theoretically, combined administration of melatonin with certain drugs metabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme may reduce the metabolism of these drugs, resulting in increased serum levels. Until more is known, use melatonin cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Severity Minor Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

If you use Bevespi Aerosphere (formoterol plus glycopyrrolate) for COPD, here's the gist. Some lab studies hint that melatonin might mildly slow the CYP2D6 enzyme. Formoterol is partly handled by that pathway, so in theory melatonin could let a little more linger in your system. That might nudge the typical formoterol-type effects, things like a faster or pounding heartbeat, jitteriness, mild tremor, or a touch of headache.

That said, this is a theoretical, low-grade concern based only on test-tube research, not real patient reports. Most people use both without trouble. Still, if you start melatonin and notice your heart racing or new shakiness, mention it to your pharmacist or doctor before making any changes.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Foster BC, Cvijovic K, Boon HS, et al. Melatonin Interaction Resulting in Severe Sedation. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;18(2):124-31. PubMed

What These Ratings Mean

Every interaction above is graded three ways — here’s the key to each label.

Severity how clinically significant the interaction is
Major

Clinically significant. Avoid the combination, or use only under close professional supervision.

Moderate

Usually worth avoiding or managing — may need monitoring, a dose change, or timing apart.

Minor

Generally not serious. Be aware of it and mention it to your pharmacist.

Likelihood how strong the evidence is that the interaction actually happens in people
  • LikelyWell-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction.
  • ProbableInteraction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • PossibleInteraction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.
  • UnlikelyInteraction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Evidence the quality of the studies behind the rating (graded A–D)
  • AHigh-quality meta-analysis (quantitative systematic review).
  • BCase-control study.
  • CConsensus.
  • DAnecdotal evidence.

These ratings are for information only. Never start, stop, or otherwise change your therapy before speaking with your provider.

Keep it in perspective

Melatonin Also Interacts With Other Medications

Melatonin has 1,116 moderate, 346 minor known drug interactions in our database — the Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate one above is among them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Moderate 1,116 Minor 346 No known interaction 1,368 (incl. Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate)
Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against Melatonin

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against Melatonin. Pick one to open its full report.

From our Q&A

Questions About Melatonin or Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate

These are real questions from readers, answered by the pharmacists at HelloPharmacist — written by a person, not generated from a database. Each one covers Melatonin or Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate, not necessarily both, but if one is close to what you were about to ask it will usually go further than a database entry can:

Not quite your question? Ask our pharmacists directly — it is free, there is no account required, and answers usually come back within 24 hours.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate

This page covers Melatonin only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate page lists 129 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: Henbane (major), Scopolia (major), 1,3-dmaa (moderate), Acacia Rigidula (moderate) and Active Hexose Correlated Compound (ahcc) (moderate).

By severity: 2 major · 106 moderate · 21 minor.

From our pharmacist’s overview on the Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate page

“If you use Bevespi Aerosphere (formoterol and glycopyrrolate) for COPD, supplement choices deserve real care here, starting with the two entries rated major, henbane and scopolia. Glycopyrrolate already works by blocking acetylcholine, and both of those herbs carry atropine-like alkaloids that pile the same effects on top of it, meanin…”

Reviewed by 2 · Jul 18, 2026

Open the Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interaction page

One more smart check

Taking Melatonin as Part of a Dietary Supplement Product? Check It for Interactions

We hold 2,885 real supplement products containing Melatonin, each one broken down to its full ingredient list — and combination products often carry several ingredients besides Melatonin. Your product may carry other ingredients that interact with Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate too, on top of Melatonin — and those would not show on this page. Find your product and we’ll check every ingredient on its label:

How much people look this up

Where Melatonin and Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement Melatonin
Top 5%

#57 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today
Medication Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate
Top 25%

#376 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Supplement

About Melatonin

What is Melatonin?

Melatonin
  • Trouble falling asleep (insomnia)
  • Jet lag
  • Delayed sleep phase syndrome
  • Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder
  • Shift-work sleep problems
  • Sleep problems in some children with conditions like autism or ADHD

Melatonin is a hormone your body makes naturally to help control your sleep-wake cycle, and the supplement form is widely used to help with sleep timing problems and jet lag. The evidence is strongest for certain circadian (body-clock) disorders and is more mixed for everyday insomnia. It is generally well tolerated for short-term use, but talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, especially for children or during pregnancy.

Read the full Melatonin monograph & all interactions
Keep checking

Other Drugs & Melatonin

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against Melatonin — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major
1,116Moderate
346Minor
1,367No known interaction
1,116 Moderate 346 Minor 1,367 No interaction
Moderate

1,116 interactions

Showing 60 of 1,116 moderate interactions — see all 1,116 on the Melatonin page.

Minor

346 interactions

Showing 60 of 346 minor interactions — see all 346 on the Melatonin page.

No interaction 1,367 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked Melatonin against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 1,367 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full Melatonin list.

See the full Melatonin interactions page
See every supplement checked against Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate, ranked by severity
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Interaction details are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database. The medication overview comes from MedlinePlus.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Melatonin monograph › Uses, safety, and every drug interaction in one place Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate supplement interactions › Every supplement checked against Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate, ranked by severity Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking Melatonin and Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate Together: Common Questions

Can you take Melatonin with Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate?
There is a moderate interaction, so it may be acceptable with monitoring or timing changes — but check with your pharmacist first. Read the full details on this page and confirm with your pharmacist before combining them.
Why are there 2 interactions listed for Melatonin and Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate?
Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate belongs to more than one drug category, and Melatonin interacts with each of those categories a little differently. We list every one so nothing is missed — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them.
How serious is the Melatonin and Formoterol Fumarate, Glycopyrrolate interaction?
We rate it Moderate. This combination may require monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one. Consult your pharmacist before using them together.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.