Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Krill & CoQ10 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NOW

Krill & CoQ10 label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Krill & CoQ10 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Krill & CoQ10 is a dietary supplement by NOW with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart health, statin-related muscle aches, migraine prevention.Based on those ingredients, 994 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are NKO, Coenzyme Q-10. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Krill & CoQ10 by NOW

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Krill & CoQ10 by NOW — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Krill & CoQ10 by NOW

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “Omega-3 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (250 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “NKO” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (1,000 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This 5-ingredient supplement combines krill-derived omega-3 fatty acids with Coenzyme Q10 and Astaxanthin. The omega-3s come as Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid — the active components found in krill oil.

Coenzyme Q10 (also called CoQ10) is an antioxidant your cells make naturally and use for energy. Astaxanthin is another antioxidant, a pigment from marine sources.

The product also contains Phospholipids and an ingredient labeled NKO (likely a krill oil brand name). The rest is inactive ingredients — the gelatin capsule, glycerin, water, caramel color, medium-chain triglyceride oil, and lemon oil.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Cardiovascular health support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Congestive heart failure (CHF), Heart failure, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertriglyceridemia — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Coenzyme Q10 is rated "Possibly Effective" for Congestive heart failure (CHF) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Coenzyme Q10 is rated "Possibly Effective" for Myocardial infarction (MI).
  • Also on file: Coenzyme Q10 is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Angina, Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, and more.

Evidence for Coenzyme Q10 is strongest for treating CoQ10 deficiency, where it's rated Likely Effective. For fibromyalgia, migraine headache, congestive heart failure, and diabetic nerve pain (diabetic neuropathy), the evidence is Possibly Effective — meaning some research supports it, but we need more studies to be sure.

For Astaxanthin, the evidence isn't established in our data. It's been studied for age-related cognitive decline, macular degeneration, skin aging, Alzheimer disease, athletic performance, and carpal tunnel syndrome, but the research doesn't yet support a rating.

The omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) have their own separate evidence, which isn't detailed in this product's facts.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Coenzyme Q10 Krill Oil Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Astaxanthin

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Coenzyme Q10 is generally well tolerated. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal — appetite loss, diarrhea, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting — occurring in less than 1% of people, and often avoidable if daily doses above 100 mg are split.

Headache, dizziness, and insomnia have been reported, and very rarely, cognitive changes, depression, trembling sensation, or skin itching. Astaxanthin is also generally well tolerated, though long-term safety data are limited.

The main side effects are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and red-colored stools. Safety data during pregnancy and breastfeeding are not adequate for either ingredient — the facts advise against astaxanthin use in pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

For Coenzyme Q10, pregnancy data is insufficient; the safety information doesn't establish it in pregnancy or while breastfeeding either. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you're pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Coenzyme Q10 Krill Oil Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Astaxanthin

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Coenzyme Q10, Astaxanthin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs.
  • For scale: 833 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you start, double-check with your pharmacist if you take warfarin or other blood thinners (Moderate severity) — Coenzyme Q10 may reduce their effectiveness. Also check if you're on chemotherapy drugs such as alkylating agents (Moderate severity), or medications that go through the liver enzymes CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 (Moderate severity with Astaxanthin).

Blood pressure medications warrant a quick conversation too, since CoQ10 may add to their effects (Minor severity).

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may interest you if you're exploring CoQ10 for heart health, migraine support, or fibromyalgia, and want to combine it with omega-3s and astaxanthin. Be careful if you take warfarin, chemotherapy drugs, or blood pressure medications — you'll need to check with your pharmacist first.

Pregnant or breastfeeding? The safety data aren't there yet; check with your doctor.

Most people tolerate it well, but GI upset or headache can happen.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Krill & CoQ10, straight from the product label.

Brand NOW
Barcode (UPC) 733739016287
Net contents 60 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 25, 2024
DSLD ID 314409
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Krill & CoQ10 by NOW, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
733739016287
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories10 Calorie(s)--
Omega-3 Fatty Acids250 mg--
Eicosapentaenoic Acid135 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid60 mg--
Total Fat1 Gram(s)1%
Coenzyme Q-10100 mg--
Astaxanthin360 mcg--
Phospholipids450 mg--
NKO1000 mg--

Other ingredients: Bovine Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Caramel color, Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil, Lemon Oil

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Usage: Take 2 softgels daily with food.

Formula

NOW Krill & CoQ10 Softgels combine two of the most prominent and effective nutrients for cardiovascular health in one convenient supplement. CoQ10 is a vitamin-like compound that’s clinically demonstrated its ability to support heart health through its effects on cellular energy production. Krill oil has naturally occurring omega-3 essential fatty acids, which are well-known for their vital role in cardiovascular health. Together these two nutrients form a powerful combination supplement for the support of normal, healthy, cardiovascular functions

Phospholipid-bound Omega-3

NKO

Formulation

This krill oil is manufactured under strict quality control standards.

This krill oil is manufactured under strict quality control standards. It is tested to be free of potentially harmful levels of contaminants such as PCBs, dioxins, mercury and other heavy metals.

EUA # 1482865

Heart support Superior cardiovascular combination

Non-GMO

Not manufactured with wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish or sesame ingredients.

Packaged and quality tested in the USA.

Precautions

Caution: For adults only. Keep out of reach of children.

Consult physician if pregnant/nursing, taking medication (especially anticoagulant or anti-platelet medications), or have a medical condition.

Do not use this product if you have a seafood allergy.

Contains shellfish (krill). MCT Oil from coconut/palm kernel oil. Not manufactured with wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish or sesame ingredients. Produced in a GMP facility that processes other ingredients containing these allergens.

Brand IP Statement(s)

NKO is a registered trademark of Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS. US Patent No.: 8,030,348.

General Statements

This bottle is made from 100% PCR (post-consumer recycled) resin.

Omega-3/Fish Oils Family owned since 1968.

Seals/Symbols

GOED Omega-3 Proud Member goedquality.com Friend of the Sea

GMP Quality Assured

FDA Statement of Identity

A Dietary Supplement

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Krill & CoQ10 by NOW label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Krill & CoQ10 label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Krill & CoQ10 by NOW

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Coenzyme Q-10

Interacts with
198 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Ubiquinone

CoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated...

Coenzyme Q-10 monograph & interactions

NKO

Interacts with
208 drugs
1000 mg per serving Form: Krill Oil

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglyce...

NKO monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Bovine Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Caramel color, Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil, Lemon Oil. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Krill & CoQ10 by NOW Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Krill & CoQ10?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
994Drugs
994 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

NKO 208
Coenzyme Q-10 198

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Krill & CoQ10 interact with 994 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 2 ingredients in Krill & CoQ10 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. NKO Coenzyme Q-10

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Krill & CoQ10 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

NKO2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, krill oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Taking high doses of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil can modestly decrease platelet aggregation. Since krill oil also contains these fatty acids, taking high doses of krill oil might also inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, taking high doses of krill oil with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bleeding. However, the omega-3 content of krill oil is much lower than that of fish oil.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking krill oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some research in animals and humans shows that krill oil might lower blood glucose levels. However, a small study shows that taking krill oil does not reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
NKO full monograph & interactions

Coenzyme Q-103 drug types · 198 drugs

Alkylating Agents

Coenzyme Q10 has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals.
Theoretically, antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10 might protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic agents that work by inducing oxidative stress, such as alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide) and radiation therapy. The clinical importance of this interaction is unknown.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Coenzyme Q10 is chemically similar to menaquinone and might have vitamin K-like procoagulant effects, which could decrease the effects of warfarin.
Concomitant use of coenzyme Q10 and warfarin might reduce the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Four cases of decreased warfarin efficacy thought to be due to coenzyme Q10 have been reported. However, there is some preliminary clinical research that suggests coenzyme Q10 might not significantly decrease the effects of warfarin in patients who have a stable INR.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical research shows that coenzyme Q10 can significantly lower blood pressure, although other studies have shown conflicting results.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Coenzyme Q-10 full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Krill & CoQ10, from the product label.

NOW

See all NOW products
Name
NOW Foods
Street Address
395 S. Glen Ellyn Rd.
City
Bloomingdale
State
IL
ZipCode
60108
Web Address
www.nowfoods.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Krill & CoQ10 by NOW: Common Questions

Does Krill & CoQ10 by NOW interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Krill & CoQ10 has a known interaction with 994 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Krill & CoQ10 contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin?
You'll need to talk with your doctor or pharmacist first. Coenzyme Q10 in this product may reduce warfarin's blood-thinning effect — your doctor may need to monitor your blood levels or adjust your dose. Don't start without checking.
What are the most common side effects?
Coenzyme Q10 can cause stomach upset — loss of appetite, diarrhea, heartburn, or nausea — though these happen in less than 1% of people. Astaxanthin may cause abdominal pain or diarrhea. Splitting doses of CoQ10 above 100 mg daily can help reduce GI effects.
Is this safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The safety data aren't there yet for either ingredient. The facts advise against astaxanthin during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. For Coenzyme Q10, there isn't enough information. Talk with your doctor before using this product if you're pregnant or nursing.
What's the difference between the omega-3s in krill oil and fish oil?
This product's facts list the omega-3 components (EPA and DHA) from krill but don't compare them to fish oil. Your pharmacist can tell you more about how they differ and which might suit you better.
Will this help my migraines?
Coenzyme Q10 is rated Possibly Effective for migraines, so some research supports it — but we need more studies. Whether it'll work for you is individual. Talk with your doctor if you're considering it as part of your migraine plan.
Do I need to worry about the red-colored stools?
Red stools are a known side effect of astaxanthin and aren't dangerous — it's just the pigment coming through. If it bothers you or persists, mention it to your pharmacist.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Krill & CoQ10 is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Krill & CoQ10 label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Krill & CoQ10’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Coenzyme Q10

Interacts with 198 drugs

CoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated and is most studied for heart condition...

Read the full Coenzyme Q10 monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Krill Oil

Interacts with 208 drugs

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglycerides and supporting heart health, but t...

Read the full Krill Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha)

Interacts with 375 drugs

DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and algae that is a building block for the brain, nervous system, and eyes. It is widely used and generally well tolerated, with the stronges...

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Astaxanthin

Interacts with 671 drugs

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...

Read the full Astaxanthin monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Krill & CoQ10's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 105 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) 49 references
  1. Akedo I, Ishikawa H, Nakamura T, et al. Three cases with familial adenomatous polyposis diagnosed as having malignant lesions in the course of a long-term trial using docosahexanoic acid (DHA)-concentrated fish oil capsules (abstract). Jpn J Clin Oncol PubMed
  2. Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, et al. Effect of medium-term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res 1998;1:105-12.
  3. Grimsgaard S, Bonaa KH, Hansen JB, Nordoy A. Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in humans have similar triacylglycerol-lowering effects but divergent effects on serum fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:649-59.
  4. Toft I, Bonaa KH, Ingebretsen OC, et al. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure in essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:911-8.
  5. Sacks FM, Hebert P, Appel LJ, et al. Short report: the effect of fish oil on blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in phase I of the trials of hypertension prevention. J Hypertens 1994;12:209-13.
  6. Vandongen R, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of omega 3 fats in subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 1993;22:371-9. PubMed
  7. FDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Letter regarding dietary supplement health claim for omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/95s0316/95s-0316-Rpt0272-38-Appendix-D-Reference
  8. Pedersen HS, Mulvad G, Seidelin KN, et al. N-3 fatty acids as a risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke. Lancet 1999;353:812-3. PubMed
  9. Ito Y, Suzuki K, Imai H, et al. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on atrophic gastritis in a Japanese population. Cancer Lett 2001;163:171-8. PubMed
  10. Kris-Ehterton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ, et al. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002;106:2747-57. PubMed
  11. Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1007-15.. PubMed
  12. Marangell LB, Martinez JM, Zboyan HA, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:996-8.. PubMed
  13. Leng GC, Smith FB, Fowkes FG, et al. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acids and smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure and haemostatic and rheological factors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;51:101-8. PubMed
  14. Nelson GJ, Schmidt PS, Bartolini GL, et al. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids 1997;32:1129-36. PubMed
  15. Wheaton DH, Hoffman DR, Locke KG, et al. Biological safety assessment of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in a randomized clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1269-78. PubMed
  16. Malcolm CA, McCulloch DL, Montgomery C, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy and visual evoked potential development in term infants: a double blind, prospective, randomised trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88: DOI
  17. Sanjurjo P, Ruiz-Sanz JI, Jimeno P, et al. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in the last trimester of pregnancy: maternal-fetal biochemical findings. J Perinat Med 2004;32:132-6.
  18. Montgomery C, Speake BK, Cameron A, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and fetal accretion. Br J Nutr 2003;90:135-45. DOI
  19. Lauritzen L, Hoppe C, Straarup EM, Michaelsen KF. Maternal fish oil supplementation in lactation and growth during the first 2.5 years of life. Pediatr Res 2005;58:235-42. PubMed
  20. Hawkes JS, Bryan DL, Makrides M, et al. A randomized trial of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid-rich tuna oil and its effects on the human milk cytokines interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:75
  21. Uauy R, Hoffman DR, Mena P, et al. Term infant studies of DHA and ARA supplementation on neurodevelopment: Results of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2003;143:S17-25. PubMed
  22. Decsi, T., Campoy, C., and Koletzko, B. Effect of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy: the Nuheal trial. Adv.Exp Med Biol 2005;569:109-113. PubMed
  23. Mori, T. A., Bao, D. Q., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., and Beilin, L. J. Docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid lowers ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Hypertension 1999;34(2):253-260. PubMed
  24. Otto, S. J., van Houwelingen, A. C., and Hornstra, G. The effect of supplementation with docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid derived from single cell oils on plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids of pregnant women in the second trimester. Prostaglandins Le PubMed
  25. Helland, I. B., Saugstad, O. D., Smith, L., Saarem, K., Solvoll, K., Ganes, T., and Drevon, C. A. Similar effects on infants of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids supplementation to pregnant and lactating women. Pediatrics 2001;108(5):E82. PubMed
  26. Nestel, P., Shige, H., Pomeroy, S., Cehun, M., Abbey, M., and Raederstorff, D. The n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increase systemic arterial compliance in humans. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2002;76(2):326-330. PubMed
  27. Woodman, R. J., Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., Barden, A., Watts, G. F., and Beilin, L. J. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients PubMed
  28. Jensen, C. L., Voigt, R. G., Prager, T. C., Zou, Y. L., Fraley, J. K., Rozelle, J. C., Turcich, M. R., Llorente, A. M., Anderson, R. E., and Heird, W. C. Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake on visual function and neurodevelopment in breastfed
  29. Theobald, H. E., Goodall, A. H., Sattar, N., Talbot, D. C., Chowienczyk, P. J., and Sanders, T. A. Low-dose docosahexaenoic acid lowers diastolic blood pressure in middle-aged men and women. J Nutr 2007;137(4):973-978.
  30. Mischoulon D, Best-Popescu C, Laposata M, et al. A double-blind dose-finding pilot study of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008;18(9):639-645. PubMed
  31. Birch EE, Carlson SE, Hoffman DR, et al. The DIAMOND (DHA Intake And Measurement Of Neural Development) Study: a double-masked, randomized controlled clinical trial of the maturation of infant visual acuity as a function of the dietary level of docosahexa
  32. Carlson SE, Colombo J, Gajewski BJ, Gustafson KM, Mundy D, Yeast J, Georgieff MK, Markley LA, Kerling EH, Shaddy DJ. DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):808-15. PubMed
  33. Escamilla-Nuñez MC, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernández-Cadena L, Navarro-Olivos E, Sly PD, Romieu I. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and respiratory symptoms in children. Chest. 2014 Aug;146(2):373-82. PubMed
  34. Fu YQ, Zheng JS, Yang B, Li D. Effect of individual omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Epidemiol. 2015;25(4):261-74. PubMed
  35. Imhoff-Kunsch B, Stein AD, Villalpando S, Martorell R, Ramakrishnan U. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation from mid-pregnancy to parturition influenced breast milk fatty acid concentrations at 1 month postpartum in Mexican women. J Nutr. 2011 Feb;141(2): PubMed
  36. Judge MP, Cong X, Harel O, Courville AB, Lammi-Keefe CJ. Maternal consumption of a DHA-containing functional food benefits infant sleep patterning: an early neurodevelopmental measure. Early Hum Dev. 2012 Jul;88(7):531-7. PubMed
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Coenzyme Q10 40 references
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Astaxanthin 3 references
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Krill Oil 13 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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