Drug & supplement interaction

Melatonin + Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen

Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen brand name: Apadaz.

Moderate Interaction
Medically reviewed by · Updated September 2026
The bottom line Moderate

Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen falls into 5 drug categories that Melatonin can interact with; the most serious is rated moderate. Theoretically, taking melatonin might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.

Read the full interaction report
SeverityModerate
LikelihoodPossible
Interactions5
EvidenceD
What do Severity, Likelihood & Evidence mean?
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Interaction report

Melatonin and Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen

These two interact in 5 distinct ways. Each one is explained separately below.

Why Are There 5 Interactions?

Melatonin interacts with whole categories of medication. Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen falls into 5 of those categories, so it can interact with Melatonin in 5 different ways. We’ve listed each one below — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them (Moderate).

Moderate

CNS DEPRESSANTS

1 of 5

Why this applies to Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen

Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen falls under CNS DEPRESSANTS — the group Melatonin interacts with.

Theoretically, taking melatonin might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Melatonin has sedative effects. Theoretically, concomitant use of melatonin with alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other sedative drugs might cause additive sedation.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the simple version: melatonin can make you drowsy, and so can Apadaz (benzhydrocodone with acetaminophen). The benzhydrocodone part is an opioid pain reliever that already tends to cause sleepiness, slowed breathing, and a foggy or dizzy feeling. Stack a sleep aid like melatonin on top, and those calming effects may add up more than you'd expect.

To be fair, this is a theoretical concern based on how both work, not something proven to happen often, so I don't want to scare you. Still, it's worth being careful, especially when you first start the combo or before driving. If you take both, go easy and check with your pharmacist or doctor first about timing and dosing.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Foster BC, Cvijovic K, Boon HS, et al. Melatonin Interaction Resulting in Severe Sedation. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;18(2):124-31. PubMed
Moderate

SEIZURE THRESHOLD LOWERING DRUGS

2 of 5

Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen also falls under SEIZURE THRESHOLD LOWERING DRUGS.

Theoretically, taking melatonin with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk of seizure activity.
Some clinical evidence suggests that melatonin may increase the frequency of seizures in certain patients, particularly children with neurological disabilities.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the gist for Apadaz (benzhydrocodone with acetaminophen): opioids like this one can, in some people, slightly lower the seizure threshold, meaning the brain becomes a touch more prone to a seizure. Melatonin has been linked, in a theoretical way, to more seizure activity in a few patients, especially children with neurological conditions. Put the two together and the concern is a small, added bump in seizure risk.

I want to be honest about the evidence here: this is mostly based on pharmacology and a handful of reports, not strong studies, so for most healthy adults taking melatonin occasionally it's unlikely to be a real problem. If you or your child has a seizure history, though, run it by your pharmacist or doctor before combining them.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Sheldon SH. Pro-convulsant effects of oral melatonin in neurologically disabled children. Lancet 1998;351:1254. PubMed
  2. Stewart LS. Endogenous melatonin and epileptogenesis: facts and hypothesis. Int J Neurosci 2001;107:77-85.. PubMed
Moderate

CYTOCHROME P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) SUBSTRATES

3 of 5

Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen also falls under CYTOCHROME P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) SUBSTRATES.

Theoretically, melatonin might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2. Also, other CYP1A2 substrates might decrease the metabolism of melatonin, increasing melatonin levels.
Melatonin is metabolized in the liver primarily by the CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes. Theoretically, combined administration of melatonin with drugs metabolized by the CYP1A2 enzyme might reduce the metabolism of these drugs, resulting in increased serum levels. Conversely, some drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 may inhibit the metabolism of melatonin, resulting in increased serum levels of melatonin. Until more is known, use melatonin cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports..

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the honest picture: this concern is mostly theoretical. The idea is that melatonin might slow down the CYP1A2 enzyme in your liver, which could let certain drugs build up a bit. With Apadaz (benzhydrocodone with acetaminophen), the main pain ingredient is actually turned into its active opioid (hydrocodone) by a different pathway, so the link to CYP1A2 here is shaky and not well proven.

If levels did edge up, what you'd watch for are the usual opioid effects: extra drowsiness, dizziness, slowed breathing, or constipation. Since melatonin can also make you sleepy on its own, the most realistic real-world issue is simply feeling more groggy together. I wouldn't lose sleep over this, but please run it by your pharmacist or doctor first, especially when you're starting this pain medication.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Yeleswaram, K., Vachharajani, N., and Santone, K. Involvement of cytochrome P-450 isozymes in melatonin metabolism and clinical implications. J Pineal Res 1999;26(3):190-191. PubMed
  2. Faber, M. S., Jetter, A., and Fuhr, U. Assessment of CYP1A2 activity in clinical practice: why, how, and when? Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005;97(3):125-134. PubMed
  3. Foster BC, Cvijovic K, Boon HS, et al. Melatonin Interaction Resulting in Severe Sedation. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;18(2):124-31. PubMed
Minor

CYTOCHROME P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) SUBSTRATES

4 of 5

Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen also falls under CYTOCHROME P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) SUBSTRATES.

Theoretically, melatonin might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Laboratory research suggests that certain lots of melatonin inhibit CYP2D6. Theoretically, combined administration of melatonin with certain drugs metabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme may reduce the metabolism of these drugs, resulting in increased serum levels. Until more is known, use melatonin cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Severity Minor Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the thing about Apadaz: the benzhydrocodone part is a prodrug. Your body has to convert it into hydrocodone, and then an enzyme called CYP2D6 turns some of that into the more potent painkiller hydromorphone. So this isn't a simple case where blocking the enzyme just makes the drug pile up.

The concern here is that some batches of melatonin might slow down CYP2D6. In theory, that could shift how much active painkiller you form, which could nudge pain relief or opioid side effects (drowsiness, slowed breathing, constipation) in either direction. But honestly, this is rated minor and rests only on lab data, not real patients. Since both can make you sleepy, just give your pharmacist a heads-up before combining them.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Foster BC, Cvijovic K, Boon HS, et al. Melatonin Interaction Resulting in Severe Sedation. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;18(2):124-31. PubMed
Minor

CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) SUBSTRATES

5 of 5

Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen also falls under CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) SUBSTRATES.

Theoretically, melatonin might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Laboratory research shows that certain lots of melatonin inhibit CYP3A4. Theoretically, combined administration of melatonin with certain drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 may reduce the metabolism of these drugs, resulting in increased serum levels. Until more is known, use melatonin cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Severity Minor Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the gist for Apadaz (benzhydrocodone with acetaminophen). The benzhydrocodone part is actually a prodrug, meaning your body has to convert it before it becomes active hydrocodone, and CYP3A4 is one of the enzymes involved in how this medicine is processed. Some lab studies hint that melatonin might gently slow down CYP3A4. In theory, that could let a bit more opioid effect build up, which might add to drowsiness, dizziness, slowed breathing, constipation, or nausea.

Honestly, this is very weak, test-tube level evidence rated as minor, so I wouldn't lose sleep over it. The bigger real-world point is simple: both melatonin and an opioid make you sleepy, so together they can leave you extra groggy. Run it by your pharmacist or doctor before combining them.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Foster BC, Cvijovic K, Boon HS, et al. Melatonin Interaction Resulting in Severe Sedation. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;18(2):124-31. PubMed

What These Ratings Mean

Every interaction above is graded three ways — here’s the key to each label.

Severity how clinically significant the interaction is
Major

Clinically significant. Avoid the combination, or use only under close professional supervision.

Moderate

Usually worth avoiding or managing — may need monitoring, a dose change, or timing apart.

Minor

Generally not serious. Be aware of it and mention it to your pharmacist.

Likelihood how strong the evidence is that the interaction actually happens in people
  • LikelyWell-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction.
  • ProbableInteraction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • PossibleInteraction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.
  • UnlikelyInteraction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Evidence the quality of the studies behind the rating (graded A–D)
  • AHigh-quality meta-analysis (quantitative systematic review).
  • BCase-control study.
  • CConsensus.
  • DAnecdotal evidence.

These ratings are for information only. Never start, stop, or otherwise change your therapy before speaking with your provider.

Keep it in perspective

Melatonin Also Interacts With Other Medications

Melatonin has 1,115 moderate, 345 minor known drug interactions in our database — the Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen one above is among them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Moderate 1,115 Minor 345 No known interaction 1,370 (incl. Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen)
Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against Melatonin

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against Melatonin. Pick one to open its full report.

From our Q&A

Questions About Melatonin or Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen

These are real questions from readers, answered by the pharmacists at HelloPharmacist — written by a person, not generated from a database. Each one covers Melatonin or Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen, not necessarily both, but if one is close to what you were about to ask it will usually go further than a database entry can:

Not quite your question? Ask our pharmacists directly — it is free, there is no account required, and answers usually come back within 24 hours.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen

This page covers Melatonin only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen page lists 299 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: 1,4-butanediol (major), Activated Charcoal (major), Asarabacca (major), Beer (major) and Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (ghb) (major).

By severity: 14 major · 239 moderate · 46 minor.

Open the Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen interaction page

One more smart check

Taking Melatonin as Part of a Dietary Supplement Product? Check It for Interactions

We hold 2,885 real supplement products containing Melatonin, each one broken down to its full ingredient list — and combination products often carry several ingredients besides Melatonin. Your product may carry other ingredients that interact with Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen too, on top of Melatonin — and those would not show on this page. Find your product and we’ll check every ingredient on its label:

How much people look this up

Where Melatonin and Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement Melatonin
Top 5%

#55 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today
Medication Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen
Steady interest

#2,290 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Supplement

About Melatonin

What is Melatonin?

Melatonin
  • Trouble falling asleep (insomnia)
  • Jet lag
  • Delayed sleep phase syndrome
  • Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder
  • Shift-work sleep problems
  • Sleep problems in some children with conditions like autism or ADHD

Melatonin is a hormone your body makes naturally to help control your sleep-wake cycle, and the supplement form is widely used to help with sleep timing problems and jet lag. The evidence is strongest for certain circadian (body-clock) disorders and is more mixed for everyday insomnia. It is generally well tolerated for short-term use, but talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, especially for children or during pregnancy.

Read the full Melatonin monograph & all interactions
Medication

About Benzhydrocodone and Acetaminophen

What Is Benzhydrocodone and Acetaminophen Used For?

Brand name: Apadaz

Apadaz is indicated for the short-term management of acute pain — up to 14 days — that is severe enough to require an opioid and for which non-opioid treatments have not worked or are not expected to work. It combines benzhydrocodone (a prodrug that converts to the opioid hydrocodone) with acetaminophen.

Because of serious risks including addiction, abuse, and misuse, Apadaz is reserved for patients who have not tolerated or have not gotten adequate relief from alternative pain treatments. It should not be used for an extended period of time unless the pain remains severe enough to require an opioid and alternatives remain inadequate.

See full Benzhydrocodone and Acetaminophen drug information
Keep checking

Other Drugs & Melatonin

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against Melatonin — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major
1,115Moderate
345Minor
1,369No known interaction
1,115 Moderate 345 Minor 1,369 No interaction
Moderate

1,115 interactions

Showing 60 of 1,115 moderate interactions — see all 1,115 on the Melatonin page.

Minor

345 interactions

Showing 60 of 345 minor interactions — see all 345 on the Melatonin page.

No interaction 1,369 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked Melatonin against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 1,369 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full Melatonin list.

See the full Melatonin interactions page
See every supplement checked against Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen, ranked by severity
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Interaction details are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database. The medication overview comes from MedlinePlus.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Melatonin monograph › Uses, safety, and every drug interaction in one place Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen supplement interactions › Every supplement checked against Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen, ranked by severity Benzhydrocodone and Acetaminophen drug information › The full plain-English guide to this medication Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking Melatonin and Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen Together: Common Questions

Can you take Melatonin with Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen?
There is a moderate interaction, so it may be acceptable with monitoring or timing changes — but check with your pharmacist first. Read the full details on this page and confirm with your pharmacist before combining them.
Why are there 5 interactions listed for Melatonin and Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen?
Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen belongs to more than one drug category, and Melatonin interacts with each of those categories a little differently. We list every one so nothing is missed — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them.
How serious is the Melatonin and Benzhydrocodone, Acetaminophen interaction?
We rate it Moderate. This combination may require monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one. Consult your pharmacist before using them together.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.