Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Children's Calming Support Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by BIOVEA

Children's Calming Support label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Children's Calming Support against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Children's Calming Support is a dietary supplement by BIOVEA with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for asthma and breathing problems, cough and bronchitis, smoking cessation aid.Based on those ingredients, 980 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Chamomile, fresh Valerian, Hops. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Children's Calming Support by BIOVEA

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Children's Calming Support by BIOVEA — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Children's Calming Support by BIOVEA

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (371 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Children's Calming Support contains four active ingredients: fresh lobelia, chamomile (German chamomile), fresh valerian, and hops. These are combined in a proprietary blend and delivered in a liquid form with vegetable glycerin and deionized water as inactive ingredients.

Each ingredient is traditionally used to support relaxation or calm, though the blend itself is marketed for children.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: calming support for children.
  • We looked for evidence on: Anxiety, Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Insomnia, Pre-procedural anxiety, Stress, Hyperactivity — and 2 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Valerian is rated "Possibly Effective" for Insomnia (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Hops is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Anxiety, Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Insomnia.
  • Also on file: Valerian is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Pre-procedural anxiety, Stress.

The evidence for these ingredients is mixed. Valerian is rated Possibly Effective for insomnia in our data.

Lobelia is rated Possibly Ineffective for smoking cessation. For the other uses these ingredients are marketed for — such as anxiety, ADHD, and general calming — the evidence we hold is rated Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate.

Chamomile and hops both have insufficient evidence for anxiety, ADHD, and related conditions.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Lobelia German Chamomile Valerian Hops

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Lobelia carries the strongest safety caution: it can be toxic at higher doses, with serious effects including tremors, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, and in severe cases, coma or death. The safety data advises against using lobelia during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Valerian and hops are generally well tolerated short-term, but long-term safety is not well studied for either. Valerian can cause dizziness, drowsiness, headache, and vivid dreams; chronic use followed by abrupt stopping may trigger withdrawal symptoms including anxiety and insomnia — so doses should be tapered slowly.

Hops may cause drowsiness. Chamomile is generally well tolerated but can trigger allergic reactions in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants, including severe reactions in rare cases.

For pregnancy and breastfeeding, the safety data advises against lobelia due to toxicity concerns. Chamomile and valerian are best avoided during pregnancy unless approved by your doctor, and both have limited or insufficient safety data for breastfeeding — talk with your pharmacist or doctor before use.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Lobelia German Chamomile Valerian Hops

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lobelia, Hops, Valerian, German Chamomile.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 981 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before giving this product, check with your pharmacist or doctor if anyone taking it uses: lithium (especially with lobelia), blood thinners like warfarin, CNS depressants or sedatives (including sleep aids and anxiety medication), alprazolam or other benzodiazepines, oral contraceptives, estrogen therapy, tamoxifen, or any drug metabolized by the liver's CYP2D6, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 enzymes — plus alcohol. These are the main medication types with documented interactions.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product combines four herbal ingredients with documented interactions with many common medications, plus serious toxicity concerns with lobelia. If your child or anyone taking this product is on any prescription medication — especially blood thinners, seizure drugs, sedatives, anxiety medication, cancer therapy, or psychiatric medications — check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting.

Even for over-the-counter use in children, a conversation with your pediatrician or pharmacist beforehand is a good idea.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 21, 2019.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Children's Calming Support, straight from the product label.

Brand BIOVEA
Barcode (UPC) 818423021423
Net contents 30 mL; 1 fl. Oz.
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Nov 21, 2019
DSLD ID 208340
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Vegan, Vegetarian, Kosher, Women (not pregnant or lactating), Children more than 1 but less than 4
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Children's Calming Support by BIOVEA, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.33 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 mL
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
818423021423
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend371 mg--
fresh Lobelia0 NP--
Chamomile0 NP--
fresh Valerian0 NP--
Hops0 NP--

Other ingredients: Vegetable Glycerin, deionized Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Seals/Symbols

GMP Compliant VG Vegan K Parve K-1604

Formulation

VG Vegan

Alcohol free

Formula

K Parve K-1604

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Take 2-3 times per day based on child's weight. 4.5kg-13.5kg (10-30 lbs) 10-20 drops 13.5kg-27.5kg (31-60 lbs) 20-40 drops 27.5kg-45.5kg (61-100 lbs) 40-60 drops

Shake well before using.

General Statements

Guaranteed premium quality

Liquid extract

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Precautions

Warning: Do not take during pregnancy or while nursing.

Do not give to children under 1 year of age. Keep out of reach of children.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Children's Calming Support by BIOVEA label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Children's Calming Support label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Children's Calming Support by BIOVEA

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.33 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

371 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Glycerin, Deionized Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Children's Calming Support by BIOVEA Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Children's Calming Support?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
980Drugs
962 Moderate 18 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Chamomile 960
fresh Valerian 902
Hops 863
fresh Lobelia 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Children's Calming Support interact with 980 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 4 ingredients in Children's Calming Support interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Chamomile fresh Valerian Hops fresh Lobelia

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Children's Calming Support with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Chamomile9 drug types · 960 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
German chamomile has mild sedative effects. Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative properties can cause additive effects and side effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity. Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with contraceptive drugs through competition for estrogen receptors.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2C9 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 in patients taking German chamomile.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 in patients taking German chamomile.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 in patients taking German chamomile.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity. Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with hormone replacement therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with the activity of tamoxifen.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

German chamomile might increase the effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
In one case, a 70-year-old female taking warfarin developed retroperitoneal hematoma and bilateral recti muscle bleeding along with an INR of 7.9 following ingestion of German chamomile tea 4-5 cups daily and use of a topical chamomile-based lotion applied 4-5 times daily.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro and animal research shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 in patients taking German chamomile.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Chamomile full monograph & interactions

fresh Valerian6 drug types · 902 drugs

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with alcohol.
Valerian has sedative effects. Theoretically, valerian might have an additive sedative effect when combined with alcohol. Excessive sedation has been reported in an alcohol-abusing individual who took valerian and Gingko biloba. However, the potential interaction between valerian and alcohol has been disputed in other research. Limited evidence suggests that a combination of valerian 160 mg and lemon balm 80 mg (Euvegal) does not cause further deterioration in reaction ability and reaction rate when taken with alcohol as compared to the effects of alcohol alone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Alprazolam (Xanax)

Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used with alprazolam. Also, valerian in high doses might modestly increase alprazolam levels, though this is not likely to be clinically significant.
Valerian has sedative effects. Theoretically, valerian might cause additive sedation when combined with alprazolam. Also, a small pharmacokinetic study shows that taking valerian extract 1000 mg daily (providing 11 mg valerenic acid) might increase alprazolam levels by about 19%. This might be due to valerian's mild inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Despite being statistically significant, this increase is not likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cns Depressants

Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Theoretically, concomitant use of valerian and drugs with sedative and anesthetic properties may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Glucuronidated Drugs

Valerian might weakly inhibit glucuronidation and increase concentrations of drugs metabolized by UGT1A1 and UGT2B7.
In vitro research shows that methanolic valerian extract and valerenic acid might competitively inhibit UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 (UGT1A1) and UGT2B7.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Although some in vitro evidence suggests that valerian affects CYP2D6, clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies show that valerian is unlikely to affect the CYP2D6 enzyme. In one PK study, taking valerian 1000 mg (providing about 11 mg valerenic acid) nightly for 14 days did not affect the metabolism of dextromethorphan, a CYP2D6 substrate. In another PK study, taking valerian 125 mg three times daily for 28 days did not affect metabolism of debrisoquine, an accepted CYP2D6 probe-substrate.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Although some in vitro evidence suggests that valerian extract might inhibit or induce CYP3A4, clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies show that valerian does not have a clinically significant effect on the CYP3A4 enzyme. In one PK study, taking valerian 125 mg three times daily for 28 days did not affect metabolism of midazolam, an accepted CYP3A4 probe-substrate. In another PK study, taking valerian 1000 mg (providing about 11 mg valerenic acid) nightly for 14 days modestly increases levels of alprazolam, a CYP3A4 substrate, suggesting mild inhibition of CYP3A4. However, this mild inhibition is unlikely to be clinically relevant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
fresh Valerian full monograph & interactions

Hops4 drug types · 863 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use of hops with sedative drugs might cause additive sedation.
Some animal research shows that hops has sedative effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of hops might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro research suggests that certain hops constituents can competitively bind to estrogen receptors. However, most hops extracts contain very small amounts of these constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that flavonoid constituents of hops inhibit CYP1A2 enzyme activity. However, a pharmacokinetic study in healthy postmenopausal patients shows that taking a standardized extract of spent hops containing prenylated phenols, as 59.5 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, does not affect levels of caffeine, a CYP1A2 probe substrate.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, hops extract might alter metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates; however, this effect may not be clinically significant.
Animal research suggests that specific constituents of hops, called lupulones, can induce hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme activity. However, a pharmacokinetic study in healthy postmenopausal patients with normal metabolism shows that taking a standardized extract of spent hops containing prenylated phenols, as 59.5 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, decreases the concentration of alprazolam, a CYP3A4 probe substrate, by 7.6%. This reduction is unlikely to be clinically relevant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hops full monograph & interactions

fresh Lobelia1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Lobelia is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, lobelia might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
fresh Lobelia full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Children's Calming Support, from the product label.

BIOVEA

See all BIOVEA products
Name
BIOVEA
Street Address
7702 East Doubletree Ranch Rd. Suite 300, #307
City
Scottsdale
State
AZ
ZipCode
85258
Phone Number
1-800-961-4750
Web Address
www.biovea.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Children's Calming Support by BIOVEA: Common Questions

Does Children's Calming Support by BIOVEA interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Children's Calming Support has a known interaction with 980 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Children's Calming Support contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe for children?
The product is marketed for children, but the safety data we hold is limited. Lobelia in particular carries toxicity risks at higher doses, with serious effects possible. Your pediatrician or pharmacist is the best person to assess whether this is right for your child based on their age, weight, and overall health.
Can this help my child calm down or focus?
The ingredients are traditionally used for calming, but the evidence in our data is insufficient to say they work for anxiety or ADHD. Valerian does have some evidence for insomnia, but even for that it's rated Possibly Effective — not a sure thing.
What are the main side effects I should watch for?
Common side effects from these ingredients include drowsiness, dizziness, headache, and gastrointestinal upset. Lobelia can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, throat irritation, and tremors — especially at higher doses. Chamomile can trigger allergic reactions in people sensitive to ragweed. If you notice anything unusual, stop and call your pharmacist.
Is it safe to use this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
No — the safety data advises against lobelia during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to toxicity concerns. Chamomile and valerian are best avoided during pregnancy unless your doctor approves, and there isn't enough safety data to recommend either while breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
What's a proprietary blend, and why can't I see the exact amounts?
A proprietary blend is a mix of ingredients where the manufacturer doesn't disclose the exact amount of each one — they keep that formula private. That means we can't tell you how much lobelia, chamomile, valerian, or hops is in each dose, which can make it harder to predict side effects or interactions.
Can I use this if I'm taking my child's ADHD or anxiety medication?
Not without checking with your pharmacist or doctor first. Several of these ingredients interact with CNS depressants and other common psychiatric medications. A quick check with your pharmacist before starting is really important — they can look at the specific medications and make sure it's safe.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Children's Calming Support label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Children's Calming Support’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Lobelia

Interacts with 1 drug

Lobelia is a traditional herb once used for breathing problems and to help people quit smoking, but reliable evidence supporting these uses is lacking. It can be toxic in higher amounts, cau...

Read the full Lobelia monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

German Chamomile

Interacts with 960 drugs

German chamomile is a widely used herbal remedy taken mainly as a tea for calming, sleep, and digestive complaints. Early research suggests possible benefits for mild anxiety and some skin o...

Read the full German Chamomile monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Valerian

Interacts with 902 drugs

Valerian is an herb whose root is widely used as a natural sleep aid and for calming nerves. The evidence is mixed and often weak, so it may help some people sleep but does not work reliably...

Read the full Valerian monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Hops

Interacts with 863 drugs

Hops are most often used for sleep and mild anxiety, frequently combined with valerian, but the human evidence is limited and not very strong. They are generally well tolerated when used sho...

Read the full Hops monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Children's Calming Support's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 73 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Lobelia 6 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  4. McChargue DE, Collins FL Jr, Cohen LM. Effect of non-nicotinic moist snuff replacement and lobeline on withdrawal symptoms during 48-h smokeless tobacco deprivation. Nicotine Tob Res 2002;4:195-200. PubMed
  5. Stead LF, Hughes JR. Lobeline for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;2:CD000124. PubMed
  6. Plakun, A. L., Ambrus, J., Bross, I., Graham, S., Levin, M. L., and Ross, C. A. Clinical factors in smoking withdrawal: preliminary report. Am J Public Health Nations.Health 1966;56(3):434-441. PubMed

See these in context on the Lobelia monograph →

German Chamomile 15 references
  1. Subiza J, Subiza JL, Hinojosa M, et al. Anaphylactic reaction after the ingestion of chamomile tea; a study of cross-reactivity with other composite pollens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;84:353-8. PubMed
  2. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
  3. Viola H, Wasowski C, Levi de Stein M, et al. Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolytic effects. Planta Med 1995;61:213-6.
  4. van Ketel WG. Allergy to Matricaria chamomilla. Contact Dermatitis 1982;8:143. PubMed
  5. van Ketel WG. Allergy to Matricaria chamomilla. Contact Dermatitis 1987;16:50-1. PubMed
  6. Hormann HP, Korting HC. Evidence for the efficacy and safety of topical herbal drugs in dermatology: part I: anti-inflammatory agents. Phytomedicine 1994;1:161-71. PubMed
  7. Avallone R, Zanoli P, Puia G, et al. Pharmacological profile of apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Matricaria chamomilla. Biochem Pharmacol 2000;59:1387-94. PubMed
  8. Kassi E, Papoutsi Z, Fokialakis N, et al. Greek plant extracts exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like properties. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:6956-61. PubMed
  9. Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9. PubMed
  10. Segal R, Pilote L. Warfarin interaction with Matricaria chamomilla. CMAJ 2006;174:1281-2. PubMed
  11. Loggia RD, Traversa U, Scarcia V, et al. Depressive effects of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch, tubular flowers, on central nervous system in mice. Pharmacol Res Commun 1982;14(2):153-162. PubMed
  12. Ganzera M, Schneider P, Stuppner H. Inhibitory effects of the essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and its major constituents on human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Life Sci 2006;78(8):856-861. PubMed
  13. Benito P, Rodríguez-Perez R, García F, Juste S, Moneo I, Caballero ML. Occupational allergic rhinoconjunctivitis induced by Matricaria chamomilla with tolerance of chamomile tea. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2014;24(5):369-70. No abstract available.
  14. Braga FT, Santos AC, Bueno PC, et al. Use of Chamomilla recutita in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial. Cancer Nurs 2015;38(4):32 PubMed
  15. Sarris J, Ravindran A, Yatham LN, et al. Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety T

See these in context on the German Chamomile monograph →

Valerian 37 references
  1. Willey LB, Mady SP, Cobaugh DJ, Wax PM. Valerian overdose: a case report. Vet Hum Toxicol 1995;37:364-5.
  2. Kuhlmann J, Berger W, Podzuweit H, Schmidt U. The influence of valerian treatment on "reaction time, alertness and concentration" in volunteers. Pharmacopsychiatry 1999;32:235-41. PubMed
  3. Klepser TB, Klepser ME. Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:125-38. PubMed
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See these in context on the Valerian monograph →

Hops 15 references
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See these in context on the Hops monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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